unit3--words and phrases

1、1. perfect 1) adj. 完美的，彻头彻尾的，十足的Nobody is perfect.人无完人。Practice makes perfect. 练习成就完美。The pool area is perfect for entertaining. (be perfect for: 最适合.)游泳池一带最适合娱乐。She was a perfect fool.她是个十足的傻瓜。2) vt, 使完美，使熟练We perfected a hand-signal system so that he could keep me informed of hazards.我们完善了一套手语体系，以

2、便他能告知我危险。2. spot 1) n. 地点；斑点The dog with black spot on his neck is cute.那个脖子上长着黑色斑点的狗狗很可爱。They stayed at several of the island's top tourist spots.他们在岛上几个最好的旅游景点呆过。2) vt. 认出；弄脏；用灯光照射; vi. 沾上污渍；满是斑点Vicenzo failed to spot the error.维森佐没能发现这个错误。The scandal spotted his character.那件丑闻玷污了他的人格。His boot

3、s were spotted with mud.他的靴子上沾有泥渍。3) adj. 现场的；现货买卖的Several television stations gave spot coverage to the conference.好几家电视台对大会作了现场报导。Related phrases: On the spot: 立刻，当场He is hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot. 一棵树倒下来，把他当场砸死了。What I'd like to do is fire you on the spot.我要立即把你解雇。3. execut

4、ive1) adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的Some of the executive staff were eased out to cut down expenses. 为了削减开支，有些行政人员被辞退了。2) n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员An executive should be experienced in administration.一个管理者应有行政管理的经验。 Related phrases: chief executive 行政长官；董事长；美国总统；（美国的）州长executive director 执行理事；常务董事chief executi

5、ve officer 首席执行官；总裁4. Pound1） n. 磅，英镑；重击，重击声；拘留所Her weight was under ninety pounds.她的体重不足90磅。a pound of cheese.一磅奶酪。The pound is expected to continue to increase against most other currencies.英镑对多数其他货币的汇率有望继续上升。2） vt. 捣烂；敲打；监禁，拘留The farmers pound rice in a mortar.农民们在臼中舂米。He had to pound the nails i

6、nto the board with a stone.他只好用石块将钉子敲进木板。3） vi. (心脏等)怦怦跳Her head began to pound.她的头开始怦怦地抽痛。Related phrases:pound at: 沉重敲打、连续轰击A. 沉重地敲打 hit or knock heavily onWho's that pounding at the door in the middle of the night?午夜时分,不知谁在敲门?B. 连续不断地轰击 fire steadily at the same placeThe two fleets pounded at

7、 each other.两支舰队彼此猛轰。5. survive1)vt. 幸存；生还；幸免于；比.活得长Most women will survive their spouses.大多数女性比她们的配偶活得长。No one survived the crash.无人在这次撞击中幸免于难。I don't know how I ever survived high school.我都不知道我是怎样熬过高中那段岁月的。2) vi. 活着，继续生存You need to be tough to survive in the jungle.要在丛林中活下来就要有坚忍不拔的意志。We cannot

8、 survive for long without food and drink.我们没有食物和饮料就活不了多久。Related phrase:Survive/exist on sth: 靠.生存Human children are “expensive” to raise, requiring years of parenting before they can survive on their own. 养育人类的孩子，代价高昂，在他们能够独立生存之前需要多年的养育。6. particular: adj. 特别的；详细的；独有的；挑剔的1) They depend on a particu

9、lar historical situation.它们取决于特定的历史境况。2) I have nothing particular to do this evening.今晚我没有什么特殊的事要做。3) Clouds must be given a particular attention.必须对云给予特别的注意。4)She's very particular about what she wears.她对衣著很讲究。词义辨析: special，especial，specific，particular，exceptional，extraordinary，peculiarA. spec

10、ial普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。B. especial和special含义很接近，较正式，但侧重有特殊的意义或重要性。C. specific着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。D. particular侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性。E. exceptional指不同于一般，本身是特别的或异常的事物。F. extraordinary语气比exceptional强，指极大地超过一般或正常情况。G. peculiar强调指与众不同或独特的意思7. mother 1) n. 母亲；大娘；女修道院院长2) vt. 生下；

11、养育；像母亲般关怀或照管My sister mothered a little baby two days ago.两天前我姐姐生了个孩子。He likes to mother the toddlers.他喜欢像母亲般照管学步的小孩。3) adj. 母亲的；出生地的8. care for 关心，照顾；喜欢，想要1) 关心，关怀；爱护，照顾；赡养；Lily spent years caring for her sick uncle.莉莉照顾了她生病的叔叔好多年。2) 喜爱，对中意：I don't care for that color.我不喜欢那种颜色。3) 想要；希望：Would yo

12、u care for some more tea?你是不是还想要点茶?Related phrases:care about1) 对感兴趣；注意；介意：I don't care about his opinion.我才不管他是什么意见呢。2) 为担忧，担心，操心，忧虑：She always cares about losing her job.她总是担心丢掉她的工作。9. compete: vi. 竞争；比赛；对抗1) compete with sb for sth 为了.而与.竞争Kangaroos compete with sheep and cattle for sparse su

13、pplies of food and water.袋鼠与绵羊和牛争夺为数不多的食物和水的供应。Young men compete with each other for membership in these societies and fraternities.年轻人为获取这些社团和兄弟会的会员身份而相互争夺。2) compete in.参加比赛或竞赛He will be competing in the 100-metre race.他将参加100米比赛。10. miss: vt. 漏掉；错过；想念1) 漏掉，未击中She hurled the ashtray across the roo

14、m, narrowly missing my head.她从屋子那头儿把烟灰缸扔过来，差一点就打中我的脑袋。One ABC correspondent had totally missed the point of the question.美国广播公司的一名记者完全没有领会这个问题的关键。2) 错过It was too good an opportunity to miss.这个机会太好了，不容错过。He missed the last bus home and had to stay with a friend.他没赶上回家的末班车，只好住在一个朋友那里。3) 思念，想念I could h

15、appily move back into an apartment if it wasn't for the fact that I'd miss my garden.我要不是留恋我的花园，会很高兴地搬回到一套公寓里。11. odd1) adj. 奇数的；古怪的；临时的；零散的1,3, 5 and 7 are odd numbers.1,3, 5 和 7 是奇数。It's very odd that she didn't reply to our letter.她没有回我们的信是件很奇怪的事。It is so odd that I am move to ask

16、 her where she get it.那东西十分希罕, 我禁不住问她是从哪里弄来的。He does odd jobs for me from time to time.他有时给我干点零活。2) n. 奇数；怪人；奇特的事物 Everybody considers him as an odd.每个人都认为他是个怪人。12. grab 1) vt, 抓住，引起注意，匆忙地做(口语)I managed to grab her hand.我设法抓住了她的手。Grab a seat and make yourself at home.随便找个地方坐，别客气。I jumped on the wall

17、 to grab the attention of the crowd.我跳上墙头以引起众人的注意。2) Vi: grab at.抓住He was clumsily trying to grab at Alfred's arms.他正笨手笨脚地试图抓住艾尔弗雷德的手臂。13. board1) n. 董事会；木板；甲板；膳食.a cutting board.一块砧板。free room and board免费食宿2) vt. 上（飞机、车、船等）；用板盖上；给提供膳宿I boarded the plane bound for Boston.我登上了飞往波士顿的航班。Jim prefers

18、 to board with Mrs.Smith.吉姆更愿意在史密斯太太那儿搭伙。vi. 寄宿Jim prefers to board with Mrs.Smith.吉姆更愿意在史密斯太太那儿搭伙。Related phrase:on board：在船火车、飞机、汽车上 on board在句中可用作状语或表语，也可用作后置定语。on board还可视作复合介词，其后接表示车、船、飞机的名词。All the students have gone on board.所有的学生都已上船了。所有乘客都上车后,火车开出了车站。Mary is on board one of those ships.玛丽在其

19、中的一条船上。14. replace: vt. 取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把放回原处Nothing can replace a mother's love.什么都无法取代母爱。We've replaced the old adding machine with a computer.我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器。He replaced the book in the shelf.他把书放回到书架上。I will replace the cup I broke.我愿用一个新杯子赔还我打碎的一只。15. natural 1) adj. 自然的；物质的；天生的；不做作的

20、It is only natural that he should resent you.他会怨恨你是很自然的。She has a natural ability to understand the motives of others.她具备洞察别人动机的天赋。The gigantic natural harbour is a haven for boats.这个巨大的天然港是船舶的避风港。Bethan's sister was as friendly and natural as the rest of the family.伯森的姊妹和其他家庭成员一样亲切自然。n. 自然的事情；白痴；天才He's a natural with any kind of engine.他是发动机方面的天才。16. inquire: 询问，查究1) vtWe inquired the way of a boy.我们向一个男孩问路。2) vi I recommend that you inquire about the job. (查询，打听)我建议你打听一下这项工作。T