初三-非谓语动词专题

1、非谓语动词专题一非谓动词概述：非谓语动词，即在句子中不作谓语的动词，其具体形式分：不定式，动名词，分词三种。二非谓语动词的共性特征：1没有单、复数变化和人称变化（因为不作谓语）；2仍然具有动词本身的特点：可以带宾语、状语；可以有自己的时态、（被动）语态变化；可以构成非谓语动词短语（即不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语）。3非谓语动词的否定形式：其结构形式无论是单一结构还是复合结构，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如：a. Not knowing a right address, he couldnt find his friends home.b. Im so sorry not to have

2、told you about him a little earlier.c. Not swimming in the river in summer is good for you.4. 非谓语动词的复合结构（即逻辑主谓关系）： a. Its very important for me to learn English well now. b. Do you mind my opening the window, please? c. There being no classes today, we dont go to school. Because there are no classes

3、 today, .三非谓语动词的差异性：动词不定式的用法（重点）1、 结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。不定式的语态 主动语态 被动语态一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing 不定式时态一般时态 I hope to see you again. (有时与谓语动

4、词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后)完成 I am sorry to have made so many mistakes.(动作发生在谓语动词表示的动词前)进行 He seems to be eating something.(表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生)2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1） 作主语      例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或  It is not easy to lear

5、n English well.    说明动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：    It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 当形容词表示事物的特征，特点或客观形式，常见的形容词有easy, hard, interesting It is hard for him to study two languages. It is + adj + of sb to do sth 形容词表示性格，品德或表示主观感情 good nice kind clever It is very nice of

6、 you to help me. 2）作表语 My wish is to become a teacher. be动词之后，形成表语，常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设3）作宾语 只可用不定式作宾语的动词 ask hope help promise learn Do you hope to go fishing with me? 既可接不定式也可以接动名词 remember forget like need stop try start begin permit love/ go on / I stop to run. 我停下来开始跑 I stop running. 我

7、停下来不跑了。 it 作形式宾语 Do you think it better to say it in this way?4）作宾语补足语 1) 不定式作宾补 ask teach allow invite tell want prefer order get feel hear think see expect encourage The teacher told him not to be late next time. 2)使役动词省略to let make have She had the students work out the problem. 3) Could you help

8、 me (to) close the window?5）作定语 I have a lot of work to do. 表示未发生的动作 Can you bring me a chair to sit? He needs someone to help him with his work.6）作状语 He stopped to have a look.说明 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成    例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake. 3、不定式的否定形式： Tell him not to sh

9、ut the window 4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语)            (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) &#

10、160;           (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) 5、省to 的动词不定式1）使役动词 let, have, make：2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. B. The bo

11、ss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do , would you please, rather than【难点】6、不定式的特殊句型： 1）tooto：太而不能 so/such +adj/adv +as to +v (表结果) His father was so angry as to be unable to speak. He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 The

12、child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不?" Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do: in order to do only to do to do （表示目的） David came to China to study Chinese.Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 5)用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention t

13、o 注意; devote oneself to 献身于；be/get used to 习惯等等。动名词的用法1. 形式 主动式 被动式一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done 一般时态 Do you mind my smoking here? (动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后或者两个动作同时发生) 完成时态 I regret not having studied hard.(动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前)2. 在下面两种句型中，只能用动名词There + be + no + 动名词There is no getting al

14、ong with him.It is +no use/good/ fun/nice + 动名词It is no use learning English without speaking.3.只可以接动名词的动词或者动词短语 dislike admit enjoy deny mind miss risk finish avoid consider excuse suggest practice be worth keep on can not help give up put off leave off lead to 比较：1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，

15、因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。2）区别动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同： begin to do begin doing start to do start doing continue to do continue doing4）动名词与不定式语义不同 ：A. stop to do stop doing B. forget to do forget do

16、ing C. remember to do remember doing D. try to do try doing E. go on to do go on doing F. be afraid to do be afraid doing 分词的用法 1.现在分词(doing/having done)和过去分词（done） 2.现在分词的用法 1用作谓语的一部分，和助动词一起构成进行时态 What are you doing now? 2. 作定语 1）所修饰名词正在进行的动作 The boy standing here is one of my classmates. 2)所修饰名词的特

17、征和性质 Do no read in a moving car. 3. 作表语，表示主语的特征和性质 The story is interesting. 4. 作宾语补足语（see watch notice hear find get keep 等） We heard her singing in her room. 3.过去分词的用法 过去分词一般表示完成的或者被动的动作 1. 用作谓语的一部分，和助动词一起构成完成时态或者被动语态 We have been friends for many years. His leg was broken in an accident. 2.作定语 Th

18、ere is a broken cup on the table. This is one of the factories built in the 1960s. 过去分词作定语时放在名词前，过去分词短语作定语时放在名词后面 3.作表语 The cup is broken. 4.作宾语补足语 I must have my bike repaired. 注意，现在分词与动名词，形态上完全相同，动词加上ing 但是两者有一个本质的区别，现在分词起形容词和副词的作用，而动名词起名词的作用。 The dancing boy is me. I enjoy dancing.三、【考点诠释】1、考查非谓语

19、动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。 【考例】It's very nice pictures for me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一It's a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as you like，please07淄博市Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close Mary and I en

20、joy _ badminton07黔岭东南州Ato play B playing Cplayed-So hot in the classroomWould you mind _the windows? 0KI'll do it right now黄冈市A not closing B not opening C closing Dopening-Mr. Wang，I have trouble _the text一Remember _it three times at least威海市Ato understand；readingB understanding；readingC unders

21、tanding；to read Dto understand；to read at night -How are you feeling here?-It's quite hot. I don't know to go or stay. 武汉A. how B. when C. whether D. whereMany people think it's very important us learn English well. 贵阳A. for, to B. to, to C. with, forThe menu has so many good things! I c

22、ant decide_.河北A. what to eatB. how to eatC. where to eatD. when to eat12-My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.河南课改试验区 A. what to useB. which one to use C. how to use itD. when to use it13It took my daughter two weeks _the novels _by Yand Hongying.潍坊A. read; writt

23、enB. to read; writtenC. reading; to writeD. to read; wroteDrivers are warned _when they are tired.佛山A. to driveB. not driveC. not to driveIf you want to know _the mobile phone, youd better read the instructions first.大连A. how to use B. how to makeC. where to mendD. where to buyChina will spend about

24、 52 billion yuan _new airports and _old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(时期)07临沂市Arepairing; building B to build；repair Cbuilding；repairing Dto repair；build3 students should pay attention to _the teacher in class07泰州市Ahear B1istento C listening to D hearing of3、考查非谓语动词用作宾语

25、补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。 【考例】Alice asked me another bag for her. 北京市课标卷A. get B. got C. to get D. gettingOur parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer. 长沙A. swim B. to swim C. swimming-What did your sister say to you last night?-She asked me _my father

26、her secret.绍兴 A. to tell not B. not to tellC. dont tellD. not tellBetty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸宁A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helpsTime goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them _ how much they mean to us. 哈尔滨A. to know B. knowin

27、g C. know-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?-It makes us _proud.包头A. feel B. to feelC. felt D. feeling4、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me? Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （2004江西省南昌） Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed5、考查非谓语动词用作状语 【考例】-Linda, I am very thirsty. -Let's go to t

28、he nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? 重庆A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buyingIn order _the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.乐山A. makes B. makingC. to makeD. make一There goes the bell 一It's time for class. Let's stop_.福州市A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk四含非谓语动词的习惯句型：1. f

29、eel like doing sth. 想要做。wound like; want to do sth. 2. prevent/stop/keep sb. (from) doing sth.3. go doing 结构(目的)：例如，go fishing; go swimming; go shopping4. be busy doing sth. 忙于做。5. keep (on) doing sth. 连续/ 老是做。6. be worth doing sth. 。值得一做。7. spend(时间) doing sth./ take (时间)to do sth.8. get used to do

30、ing sth./ be used to doing sth. 习惯于。pay attention to doing sth. 注意。/ 重视。look forward to doing sth. 9. prefer. to.与。相比。更喜欢/ 爱。prefer staying at home. to playing basketballprefer to stay at home rather than play basketball.10. It was very kind/ nice/ cruel of you to give me a hand yesterday. Its very

31、important/ usefull for you to learn English well now11. remember, forget, stop, begin, start, go on, continue 中， 后接to do 或者 doing 的含义差别很大。例：She stopped talking when the teacher came in. She stopped to talk when the teacher came in.五非谓语动词针对性练习： (一). 用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. All the students are busy _ (get) r

32、eady for the coming math exam.2. There were no seats on the bus, so I kept_ (stand) on the way home.3. Because of my poor English, Im afraid I cant make myself_ (understand) before you.4. It took me an hour _ (finish) _ (do) my homework last night.5. The twins prefer watching TV to _ (play) football

33、.6. In the town I have a friend _ (call) Xia Li.7. Its true that our teacher is often heard _ (sing) in her room.8. The next day they found the hills_ (cover) with snow.9. Will you _ (not open) the window, please?10. At once Jim jumped into the river_ (save) the girl.11. I have tried _ (make) friend

34、s with her, but she seems not to care.12. She kept me_ (wait) for nearly 40 minutes. Too bad.13. I remember _ (tell) her about him yesterday, but she doesnt think so.14. _ (work) out the problem is another question.15. Whats the language _ (speak) in China?16. I want to know if they could get it _ (

35、prepare) before next Friday.17. I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _ (run) away.18. I dont know where _ (meet) him.19. What makes you _ (think) Im a farmer?20. I let him _ (go) early as he wanted _ (meet) his uncle at the station.(二)根据句意改写句子1. The old man is so old that he cant work. The old ma

36、n is too old .2. I dont know how I can get to the TV factory.I dont know to the TV factory.3. Mr. Green went back to England for a holiday.Mr. Green went back to England a holiday.4. Mike hopes he can visit the Great Wall on day.Mike hopes the Great Wall one day.5. Does he say anything for himself a

37、t the meeting?Does he have anything for himself at the meeting?6. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.He is strong the heavy box.7. He spent two hours doing the work.It him two hours the work.8. Its time for school. Its time school.9. It seems that she is an English teacher.She an Englis

38、h teacher.10. His father said to him, “listen to the teacher carefully.”His father told him the teacher carefully.( 三 ). 单项选择填空: A 组： 1. He found it hard _ his classmates at that time.A. to catch up with B. to catch up C. catch up with2. Tracy cant play the match now. Plaease _instead.A. have Lily d

39、o it B. make Lily to do it C. let Lily to do it3. Listen! Can you hear a baby _ in the room?A. cry B. to cry C. crying4. I saw Jessie _ to Lucys home just now. So shes not here now.A. going B. go C. went5. Youd better _ to send me an e-mail when you get home.A. not to forget B. dont forget C. not fo

40、rget6. Would you mind _ me how _ English words?A. tell, to remember B. telling, to remember C. tell, remember7. He walked _fast for us _ catch up with.A. so, that B. so, to C. too, to8. The artist said that he hoped _drawing the picture soon.A. t o finish B.his son to finish C. his son will finish9.

41、 Some students from Grade 9 _ do some _ for the old. A. volunteered to; clean B. volunteered; cleaningC. volunteered to; cleaning D. volunteered; clean 10. Sorry, I really dont know _ the clock.A. how should I mend B. how to mend C. what to mend11. What do you think is the best way _ the wild animal

42、s?A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect 12. When they went into the park, they saw someone _ Chinese Kung Fu.A. plays B. played C. playing13. I cant send an e-mail. Would you please show me_it?A. to do B. what to do C. how to do14. Jassica preferred _ in bed rather than _ a horse.A. to

43、 lie, ride B.lying, ride C. lie, ride15. _ really hard_ hem to climb Mount Qomolangma.A. Its, of B.Its, for C. Thats, to16. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room _ him clearly. A. heard B. hear C. hearing17. If you dont feel well, you may just _. A. stops reading B.stop to read C. stop r

44、eading18. We have two pens _, but I cant decide _.A.to write with, which one to choose B. write, which one to chooseC. to write, to choose which one 19. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had 20. Why not _? A. let him to go home B. to let him go home C. let h

45、im go home D. to let him to go home21. They were made _ fourteen hours a day. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work22. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made23. It is better to teach a man to fish than _ him fish.A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave

46、24. Who do you think youd like _? A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with25. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat单项选择填空：B组：1. In fact, no one enjoys _ at. A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughedD.

47、to be laughed 2.They insisted on _ another chance to try. A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given3. Where is my passport? I remember_it here. You shouldn't have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time. A. to put; to take B. putting; taking C. Putting; to take D. to put; taking4. His room needs _ , so he must have it_. A. painting; painted B. painted; painting C. painting; painting D. painted; painted 5.The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care. A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked aft