句子种类及成分

1、高一补课一、句子种类种类类型主语S谓语动词v表语/宾语p宾语0宾补oc第1种S+VWework第种Heplaysthe violin.第种Wearestudents第种S+V+IO+DOshegavemea pen第种S+V+O+OCHemademelaugh二、句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语1、 主语名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫主语从句Monkey eats bananas.It is my book.One and (plus) one is two.Hard working leads to success.To f

2、inish homework is a must to student.What makes the teacher angry is that he is talking in class again.2、 谓语：谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.3、宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。She plays the piano.He ofte

3、n helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is a good boy.注：主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back w

4、hen we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.3、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语形容词作定语： The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词： Two boys need two

5、pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语： His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 介词短语作定语： The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语： There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这

6、铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语： The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 不定式作定语： There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。 分词（短语）作定语： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句： The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男

7、孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。注：汉语中常用的表示。通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。4、状语状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当介词短语作状语：In the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Before his mother, Tom is

8、always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) 分词（短语）作状语：He sits there, asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔（原因状语）Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状

9、语） 不定式作目的状语：To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. 名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语） 注：状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：1)通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首； 2)修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；4)一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、

10、情态动词之后，动词之前。 巩固练习1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。（The May Fourth Movement）5每天八时开始上课。 6这个箱子重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 二、英译汉1、I wrote a letter last night.2、I want to talk with you this afternoon3、He has read this book many times4、They h

11、ave carried out the plan successfully5、That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 6、I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia7、Jim cannot dress himself. 8、All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9、He did not know what to say. 10、Do you mind my opening the window? 基本句型 四： （主谓间

12、宾直宾） （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。6. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 但

13、若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, co

14、ok, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。翻译：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。4他把车票给列车员看。 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系。The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. （及物） （宾语） （宾补）

15、名词/代词宾格 + 名词The war| made| him |a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格 + 形容词New methods |make |the job| easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语I |often find| him |at work./我经常发现他在工作. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式The teacher| ask |the students |to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词I |saw |a cat |running across the road

16、./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.用所学的句子成分和句子结构翻译下面这个句子大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的 刚刚毕业的大学生可以写成：newly-graduated students 高薪的工作可以写成：well-paying jobs It is impossible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs 每年，都有很多大学生毕业。 他们都想找到工作。 这些工作可以给他们很多钱。 这是不可能的。翻译:1我们叫她Alice. 2 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 3他每个月理一次发4我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 5那可怕的声

17、音把孩子们吓坏了 6她正在听人家讲故事。7我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 8他感到很难跟你交谈。 9我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 10学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立英语基本句型六 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle

18、of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there se

19、ems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。4战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 5恰好那时房里没人。 6从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 代词练习一、用适当的人称代词填空：1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she )2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its )3. What day i

20、s _ today? _ is Thursday. (its)4. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I )5. These new houses are so nice. _ are very expensive.( them )6. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them )7. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. _ brother lives with _ and helps _ with_ lessons. ( she )8. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at Engliush . ( his )二、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk.Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_ Engli