初中英语助动词及情态动词实用教案

1、第1页/共36页第一页，共37页。动词(dngc)助动词情态(qngti)动词连系动词(dngc)be，do，have，willcan/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must, need, used tobelook, seem, sound, feel, smell, taste, fall, keep实义动词like, play, agree, spend, cost, happen, take第2页/共36页第二页，共37页。第3页/共36页第三页，共37页。助动词起帮助作用(zuyng)的动词加强(jiqing)语气否定(fud

2、ng)回答时态语态疑问Do come in, please.Do study hard.He does not write a story.He writes a story.Does he write a story?Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.He is writing a story.He is going to write a story.He has written a story.He will write a story.A story is written (by him).第4页/共36页第四页，共37页。 做助动词时，do, be, have本

3、身没有(mi yu)词汇意义Do your homework carefully.On Sunday we often do some shopping.I have a pair of glasses and it is my friend.Are you a student?第5页/共36页第五页，共37页。助动词do的用法(yn f) 1） 构成一般(ybn)疑问句，例如： Do you want to pass the exam? Did you study German?2） do + not 构成(guchng)否定句，例如： I do not want to eat too mu

4、ch. He doesnt like swimming.3） 构成否定祈使句，例如： Dont go there.Dont be so careless.说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如： Do come to my birthday party. I did go there.I do miss you.5） 用来回答一般疑问句，例如： - Do you like Beijing? - Yes, I do.第6页/共36页第六页，共37页。助动词be的用法(yn f) 1） be +现在分词，构成(guchng)进行时态，例如

5、： They are having a meeting.2) be + going to do，构成将来(jingli)时态，例如： The Greens are going to Beijing next week.3) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如： The window was broken by Tom.第7页/共36页第七页，共37页。助动词have的用法(yn f)1）have +过去分词，构成完成(wn chng)时态，例如： He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finish

6、ed half of their work.2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如： I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直(yzh)在学英语，已达十年之久。3）have+ been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。第8页/共36页第八页，共37页。 第一人称(I、we)用shall: I/We shall go tomorrow. 第二人称you及第三人称(he、she、it、they)都用

7、will: He/She/They will go tomorrow. 如果shall或will并不是用来表示后面(hu mian)的动词是未来式的，那么shall将用在第二及三人称，这时就有“决定、命令、答应”等意思： You shall obey me. He shall leave the house instantly. You shall have my book. 同样的，will用在第一人称时，就有“决定、答应、情愿”等意思： I will speak, in spite of (不管)you. I will never forget you.关于(guny)will的用法第9页

8、/共36页第九页，共37页。助动词缩略形式(xngsh)练习 Hes here. Its been snowing since midnight. Wed better hurry up. Id finish before he came. 判断(pndun)正误： Hes late. Hes late yesterday.Hes=He isIts=It hasWed better=We hadId=I wouldTrue Hes=He isFalse Hes= He is/ He has He was 不能缩写(suxi) 第10页/共36页第十页，共37页。第11页/共36页第十一页，共3

9、7页。情态(qngti)动词情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情， 只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只接不带to 的不定式，即必须跟动词原形。 3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式(xngsh)，即没有不定式，现在分词，过去分词等形式(xngsh)。第12页/共36页第十二页，共37页。cant / be rainycant / be rainycan / skatecan / skatecant / catchcant / catchIt cant be r

10、ainy now.It cant be rainy now.The boy can skate on the ice.The boy can skate on the ice.The boy cant catch the The boy cant catch the butterfly. butterfly.第13页/共36页第十三页，共37页。 You may/can get the present. You may/can get the present.They may have a picnic They may have a picnic on Sunday.on Sunday.ma

11、y / getmay / getmay / domay / domay / askmay / ask May / Can I ask you a May / Can I ask you a question? question?第14页/共36页第十四页，共37页。must / washmust / washmustnt / pickmustnt / pickmust / dreammust / dreamWe must wash our hands We must wash our hands before dinner. before dinner.You mustnt pick the

12、flowersYou mustnt pick the flowers in the park. in the park.She must dream a sweet dream.She must dream a sweet dream.第15页/共36页第十五页，共37页。We should throw the rubbishWe should throw the rubbish into the dustbin. into the dustbin.should / should / throwthrowshouldnt / fightshouldnt / fightWe shouldnt f

13、ight with We shouldnt fight with each other. each other.第16页/共36页第十六页，共37页。Usage of modal verbs: Usage of modal verbs: can may must shouldcan may must should can: 1) 表能力 2) 表客观可能性（通常用否定(fudng)） 3) 表允许（与may 意思相近）* may: 1) 表示(biosh)客气的请求 2) 表示(biosh)许可 3)表示(biosh)一件事或许会发生 *must: 1) 表必须要做的事 2) 表肯定(kndn

14、g)的猜测 *should: 表示劝告、建议（译成应该）* *第17页/共36页第十七页，共37页。1. can: 1) 表能力(nngl) We can speak English well now. 2) 表客观可能性（通常(tngchng)用否定） The news cant be true. 3) 表允许（与may 意思(y s)相近） Can I have a try? could表比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法 Could you please tell me the way to school? can 和be able to 在表能力时意思相近，但be able to 有人称

15、和更多时态的变化。 Will you be able to come tonight? = Can you come tonight? * 第18页/共36页第十八页，共37页。2. may : 1)表示(biosh)客气的请求 (1)-May I come in? -Come in, please. (2)-May I borrow your pen , please? -Certainly! (3)-May I have a piece of paper? -Of course. 3) 表示一件事或许(hux)会发生 I may be a sailor when I grow up. Wh

16、at may happen? 用 may 提问的肯定(kndng)回答一般用sure, certainly, of course, 避免用may. 否定回答一般用mustnt , cant , 也可以用may not. - May I smoke here? -No, you mustnt. *2)表示许可 You may have a rest. 第19页/共36页第十九页，共37页。3.must : 1) 表必须(bx)要做的事 We must do everything step by step. You mustnt talk loudly in the library. - Must

17、 I clean the classroom now? - Yes , you must. / - No , you neednt. 表“必须”时，must 和have to是接近(jijn)的， must强调主观意愿，have to强调客观需要。 I must clean and tidy my room. （主观意愿） I have to clean and tidy my room.（客观需要） Need 作情态动词(dngc)，表“需要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句。Need he go so soon?- Yes, he must.- No, he neednt.We neednt hu

18、rry.第20页/共36页第二十页，共37页。2) 表肯定(kndng)的猜测This must be your room. He must be asleep. He cant be awake now.这种猜测(cic)比may表示的要肯定得多，而且只有在肯定句中能这样用。表否定的猜测(cic)则用cant 。第21页/共36页第二十一页，共37页。4. should: 表示(biosh)劝告、建议（译成应该） We should read English every morning. We should obey the traffic lights. We shouldnt stay

19、up late every day. * 第22页/共36页第二十二页，共37页。Multiple choice Multiple choice 1. Im sorry I _ finish my homework on time. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may2.When the lights are red, the traffic _ stop. then you _ cross. A. mustcan B. have to must C. cancan D. shouldshould3. You _ return the dictionary n

20、ow. You _keep it until next week. A. cantcan B. mayshould C. needntmay D. may must4. Youd better go and ask the policeman. He _ know how to get to the shop. A. can B. may C. would D. needAACB第23页/共36页第二十三页，共37页。5. - Must we finish our homework now? - No, you _. A. must B. neednt C. cant D. may not6.

21、 You made so many spelling mistakes. You _ be more careful next time. A. have to B. should C. can D. may7. -Must I turn off the light now? -Yes, you_. A. need B.should C. must D. may8. You _talk when you are driving. Its dangerous. A. can B. cant C. should D.shouldnt9. He doesnt come to school on ti

22、me. He _ be ill. A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt10. Lisa has gone to Beijing. The young lady over there _ be her. A. can B. cant C. must D. mustntBBCDCB第24页/共36页第二十四页，共37页。Dialogue 1Dialogue 1 A: _ you do this exercise? B: Sorry, I _. Must I finish it now? A: No, you _. You _ finish it tomorrow. Di

23、alogue 2Dialogue 2 A: _ you come out for a walk? B: Sorry! Im _ I _. A: Why not? B: I _ _ clean the room first. Lily_ _ free, you _ ask her_.CanCancantcantneedntneedntmaymayCouldCould afraid cant afraid canthave tohave tomay bemay becan insteadcan instead第25页/共36页第二十五页，共37页。表示推测(tuc)的用法 can, could,

24、may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必(xingb)在批改试卷。3）情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the en

25、d of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。第26页/共36页第二十六页，共37页。 4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。 表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。 Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。 5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用cant, couldnt表示。 Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by

26、bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有(mi yu)找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。第27页/共36页第二十七页，共37页。情态(qngti)动词的回答方式 问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No,I needntMust you?/dont have to. 典型例题1）-Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案(d

27、n)C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。第28页/共36页第二十八页，共37页。 2）-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already. A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt 答案(d n)A neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 mustnt

28、 禁止、不能。 shouldnt不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。 3）-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-_.A. I dont B.I wont C. I cantD. I havent 答案(d n)B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心，本题表示决心，选B。第29页/共36页第二十九页，共37页。 比较can 和be able to 1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可 以用于

29、各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用be able to a. 位于(wiy)助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could第30页/共36页第三十页，共37页。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注

30、意：could不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意回答中不用could） - Could I have the television on? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant.2）在否定(fudng)，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。第31页/共36页第三十一页，共37页。比较(bjio)may和might 1） 表示允许(ynx)或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home. 注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。