定语从句 (2)

1、概念：概念：在复合句中，修饰某一在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词名词或代词的从句叫的从句叫定语从句定语从句,定语从句在句中定语从句在句中做定语成分做定语成分。什么是定语从句呢？什么是定语从句呢？看下面的几个例句：看下面的几个例句：Look at the photos that I took on my trip.看我在看我在旅行时照的旅行时照的照片。照片。My dads got a camera that takes photos under water.我爸爸有一个我爸爸有一个能在水下照相能在水下照相的的相机。相机。Look at the photos that I took on my tr

2、ip.Attributive clause引导词引导词that为引导词，在从句中代替为引导词，在从句中代替photos先行词先行词My dads got a camera that takes photos under water.Attributive clause引导词引导词that为引导词，在从句中代替为引导词，在从句中代替camera先行词先行词先行词先行词：是：是被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词,通通 常是名词或代词常是名词或代词。 关系词关系词： 是是引导引导定语从句的词定语从句的词，在从，在从句中替代先行词。句中替代先行词。注意注意: 关系词要在从句中充当一定的关系词要在

3、从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词所替代的词在从句中成分。关系代词所替代的词在从句中不能再出现。不能再出现。 说明如下说明如下The building is our school.+The building stands by the river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 从句从句 which、that 是关系代词是关系代词, 它在从句中代替先行词它在从句中代替先行词the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两

4、个简单句连接个简单句连接 起来。起来。v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人人称、数必须和先行词一致。称、数必须和先行词一致。 The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother. (主句主句) The woman is my mother (从句从句) The woman is speak

5、ing at the meeting.主语是单数主语是单数 The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. (主句主句)The women are famous scientists. (从句从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.主语是复数主语是复数 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤 :v 首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用关系词可能就用who,that,whom,whose.如果先如果先行词指物行词

6、指物,关系词可能用关系词可能用which或或that.v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表看下表先行词先行词 主格主格 宾格宾格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of whichv 最后最后,要确定关系代词的人称和数要确定关系代词的人称和数关系代词的使用方法关系代词的使用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which. 1. that/which多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。多指物，在从句中

7、作主语或作动词的宾语。 （that/which作宾语时可省作宾语时可省,做主语时不可省）做主语时不可省）1) A plane is a machine that /which can fly.2) Who was hurt in the accident that/ /whichwhich happened yesterday?3)Have you found the bike (that/which) you lost? 2. who 指人指人(即它的先行词必须是人即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中在从句中作主语或宾语。但作主语或宾语。但whom是宾格是宾格,只能作宾语。只能作宾语。(that

8、也可指人也可指人.代替代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语可作主语或宾语) 1)The girls who/that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. 2) He knew the teacher(who /whom/that)we met yesterday. 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人它既可以代人 也可以代物。也可以代物。q I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.q Ple

9、ase show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.q Ill call a person. His father knows you. Ill call a person whose father knows you.v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物, 和和whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略) This is the hero( whom)

10、we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . I want to find the pen (that/which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. Here are the picture-books (that/which) the children are looking for . 注意注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,lo

11、ok for 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项v 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时修饰时,只只 能用能用that引导从句引导从句.This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是all,something,nothin

12、g,anything不定代词不定代词时时,只只 能用能用that.Here is something( that) I will tell you.Not all that glitters is gold. 3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that引出从句引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that)I see. 4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one, 或用或用little,few, no, all,any ,only, very,just,last作修饰，用作修饰，用that

13、Is it the one that you want ? The only thing that I want to do is to have a rest. 5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，关系词用时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v从例句中看出，从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以在许多情况下可以通用通用，但，但 有时宜用有时宜用who,而而不用不用that 1.先行词是先行词是one(s),an

14、yone,someone, those时，关系词使时，关系词使 用用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall come here. Anyone who does that must be mad. 2.在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him. 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一是用来引导定语从句的，

15、它和关系代词一样，具有数种作用。样，具有数种作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在句中在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。复合句。 关系副词关系副词有有三种三种： where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. ( on/in/atwhich) when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/ inwhich) why: 在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。 the reason why 关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：

16、 1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel. =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel we stayed at wasnt clean . 2.when的用法：的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词）先行词应是表示时间的名词） Ill never

17、 forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.3.why的用法：的用法： ( 表示原因的名词表示原因的名词) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. 定语从句单选题精选定语从句单选题精选 1.His parents wouldnt let him ma

18、rry anyone_ family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose D2.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.whenB3.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That is _ I got wet through. A. the reason B. the reason why C. that D. how B 4. Beihai Park is a bea