航海词汇英文

1、AActual depth;the true depth of water as opposed to a predicteddepth. Tidal height from table added to the charted depth.Almanac; an annual publication containing Tide Tables astronomical ephemerals etc.Altitude; the angular distance of a celestial body above the viewers horizon.Anabatic Winds; caus

2、ed by warm air rising up a slope to be replaced by cooler air, as opposed to kabatic, descending winds.Apparent wind ; the wind as felt on board, this will be the actual wind modified by the wind created by the vessels movement.Aries; the constellation of the Ram in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere

3、, see also, First Point of Aries.Astrolabe ; an instrument used to determine the altitude of celestial objects before the introduction of the sextant. The first recorded use by Greek astronomers in around 200 B.C.Azimuth; the horizontal angular distance from a reference position to a celestial body,

4、 usually measured clockwise in degrees from the direction of the nearest pole.B Navigation Terms.Barometer; an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.BarometricGradient ; the rate at which atmosphericpressure risesof falls.Bars Harbor Bar.Beacon; an unlit navigation mark.Bearing ; the compass

5、 reading taken of a object in relation to the observer.Beaufort Scale;a numerical method of describing wind strength.Body; a celestial object.Buoyage Marks and Systems;C Navigation Terms.Cape; a piece of land that that projects out into a large body of water.Cardinal Marks; buoyage marks indicating

6、the direction of safe water with reference to the cardinal points.Cardinal Points;the four main pointsof the compass, North,East,South and West.Cartography; the study and the construction of maps.Cartographer ; a map maker.CCor CompassCourse; the course to steer which has been corrected for current,

7、 variation, and deviation.Celestialnavigation;a method of navigatingby referringto thestars or other objects in the sky.Celestial sphere; an imaginary sphere with the earth at its center, on whose surface the stars, planets and other heavenly bodies appear to be situated.Characteristics;the distinct

8、ive pattern of flashes used toidentify a light.Chart datum; the referencelevelon chartsto which tidalheightsare referred.Charted depth; the depth shown on the chart for a particular point on the sea bed.Chronometer; a very accurate clock or watch that is used fordetermining one's longitude at se

9、aCircumnavigate;to travel around the entire Earth.Civil twilight; times given in the almanac, for listed latitudes for approximately the best time to take a morning or evening sight, when both the horizon and the heavenly bodies are visible.CMG;the Course Made Good is the course over the ground.Cock

10、ed hat; a triangle formed by a series of three LOPs which do not meet at an exact point.COLREGS;the international rules for prevent of collisions atsea.Compass;a device that always pointstowards magnetic north,usedfor navigation.Compass Rose;is a design on a chart that shows direction. Itpoints whic

11、h way is north, south, east, west, and some intermediate directions.Constellations;Star groups.Conversion tables; in another.used to convert units of one system to unitsCopernicus; 1473-1543, Polish astronomer credited with disproving the Ptolemaic System.Course; the direction in which a vessel is h

12、eading or is intended to be steered, the direction through the water.Course made good; the direction in which the vessel is actually traveling as opposed to the direction in which it is pointing.Corrections; alterations made to charts to update navigational information.Cross bearing;using LOPsfrom s

13、everalnavigationalaids or marksto obtain a position fix.Crux; the Southern Cross a constellation seen in the southern hemisphere.D Navigation Terms.Dead reckoning; determining a position by plotting courses and speeds from a known position.Declination; the angular distance to a point on the celestia

14、lsphere measured north and south from the celestial equator the hour circle.alongDeviation; the compass errors caused by metallic o magneticobjects on board the vessel.Dip; a correctionto be appliedto sextantattitudesto compensatefor height of eye above sea level.Doldrums; the Inter-tropical Converg

15、ence Zone (or ITCZ) a belt of very still air between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south of the equator.Drift ; the speed in knots of the effect of current or tide on a vessel's progress.Drying height; the height above chart datum, on a chart, of any areas which are uncovered at low water.Durati

16、on of tide;the time between high an low water, normallyjust over 6 hours.E Navigation Terms.Ebb; out-flowing tide.Electronic logs or E log books; a method of standardising thekeeping of logs digitally on commercial vessels.Electronic charts; there are two different types see Vector charts and Raster

17、 marine charts.ENT; , Evening Nautical Twilight.EP; Estimated Position, the DR plus the effects of current.Ephemerals ; a published collection of tables giving coordinates for astronomical bodies for specific times.Estimated Position ; a DRposition which has been adjusted to allow for Set and Drift.

18、ETA; estimated time of arrival.Equator; an imaginary circle around the earth, halfway between the north and south poles.F Navigation Terms.Fathom; an old fashioned unit of measurement to measure depth, approximately equal to 6 feet or 1.8 meters.Flood ; incoming tide.FirstPoint of Aries; a pointon t

19、he celestialsphere which isusedas a reference point, it is in fact where theEcliptic andthe Celestial Equator cross.Fix; a position verified by reference to bearings take off a known point such as a conspicuous land mark.Flotsam ; the floating debris resulting from a shipwreck.ForecastingTerms; used

20、 to convey specific,concise,informationon weather conditions.G Navigation Terms.Gates Tidal.Geographical Position or GP;in celestial navigation it is thepoint on the earths surfacedirectly beneath theZenith, and thebitof the surfaceyou are standingon is your bodys GeographicalPosition or GP.GHA, Gre

21、enwich Hour Angle;the measurement of a position, indegrees, westward from the Greenwich meridian. Read moreGMT, Greenwich Mean Time; now referred to as UTC, Coordinated Universal Time, or UT, it is the mean of the times of noon at the Greenwich Meridian.GPS, Global Positioning System; a system which

22、 uses informationbroadcast from orbiting satellites to calculate the longitude latitude of a receiving device.andGreenwich meridian; the Prime Meridian it is the 0°longitude line, it is referred to as the Greenwich Meridian because it passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich in the UK.

23、Gyrocompass; a non magnetic type of compass.H Navigation Terms.Harbor BarsHand held, Compass; a small portable compass.Heading; the direction in which a vessel is pointing, as opposed to the course made good.HE, Height of Eye;the height of a sextant users eye above sealevel, needed to add as a corre

24、ction to a site reduction.Height of tide; a figure taken from the tide tables indicatingthe depth of water above the chart datum.Horizon;the apparent line, for an observer where the earthssurface and the sky meet. Also a circle formed on the celestialsphere by a plane tangent to a point on the Earth

25、's surface.Horizon Glass; or Horizon Mirror half clear glass half mirror, on a sextant it allows the observer to view the horizon at the same time as a reflection of whatever is showing in the Index Mirror.Read more:Horse Latitudes; See Doldrums and ITCZ.INavigation Ternationally recogni

26、sed systems of buoyageIndex mirror; the mirror at the apex of a sextant frame which pivots with the index arm.Intercept; where two or more lines such as LOPs cross.InternationalDate Line ; the imaginarylinein the PacificOceanat which the date changes. This linevariesfrom the 180?meridianto avoid pop

27、ulated land areas.International marine signal flags;a system of flag shapes anddesignes used to communicate messages at sea.Interpolation Tables; almanac tables to estimate value betweenthe tabulated results.ITCZ, Intertropical Convergence Zone; the varying area ofnormallystillairlyingapproximatelyb

28、etween 5? north and southof the equator.Isolated Danger Mark;buoyage marks indicating a hazard, a suchas a wreck directly below the mark,J navigation terms.Jetsam; are objects that have been thrown overboard from a vessel, originally stuff jettisoned by a ship which was in trouble.K navigation terms

29、.Knot, (Kts.);a unit of speed, nautical miles per hour.L navigation terms.Landfall; the approach to or sighting of land after an oceanpassage.Lateral Marks;buoyage indicating the edge of a safe waterchannel.Latitude; the angular distance north or south from the equator on the earth surface.Leading l

30、ights or Range Lights;a pair of lights deliberatelyplaced to provide a transit along a narrow channel.Leading or Range marks;transit markers.Leeway; sideways movement of a vesselusuallycaused by the wind.Limb; when taking a sun or moon sight it is difficult to guess where the center is so the observ

31、er aligns either the top edge (Upper Limb) or more usually the bottom edge (Lower Limb) of theobject on to the horizon. The sight is then corrected using the appropriate correction tables.Line Of Position, LOP ; a line drawn on a chart on which the position of the vessel must lie. The line deduced f

32、rom either a compass bearing of a mark or a sight reduction. A minimum of two or preferably more are necessary to establish a fix.Local Noon ; the time when the sun reaches its highest altitude at your position and is directly north or south of you. it will then be at your Zenith and its GHA will co

33、rrespond to your longitude.Local time; solar time at your position.Local Hour Angle, LHA; the angular distance of an observed celestial object to the west of the observers meridian.Localized weather phenomena; alterations made to the prevailing weather by local topography. Log; an instrument used to

34、 calculate speed and distance travelled, through the water.Log book; a book in which the navigator records data about thevessels progressLongitude ; the angular distance east or west from the Greenwichor Prime Meridian (0? ) on the earths surface.Lower limb ; see Limb. LOP; see Line of Position.M na

35、vigation terms.Magnetic Compass;a device used for navigation which the earths magnetic field thus indicating th directionaligns with of magneticnorth.Magnetic bearing;a baring taken from a magnetic compass.Magnetic north;the northerly position of the earths magneticfield, this is varies from the Tru

36、e North.Making; used to denote progress, as in making way or a rising tide as making.Mark; a fixed buoyage indicator.Mercator projection;a method for representing the sphericalglobe as a flat map with lines of latitude and longitudeintersectingat rightangles.Devised by Geradus Mercato in1569.Meridia

37、n; a line of longitude, the imaginary great circles on the surface of the earth which converge at the poles and have their center at the center of the earth.N navigation terms.Nautical Almanac; see Almanac.Nauticalmile;a unitof distancethatis equal to 1/60 of a degreeas measured along a line of long

38、itude at the latitude of the distance to be measured.Navigation ; the process of plotting and directing the course of a vessel.Navigation LightsNeaps; the lowest tides in the tidal range, occurring when thesun and moon are in quadrature.Night SailingNorth Magnetic Pole; the northerly pointtoward whi

39、ch a compass'needle always points, the north of theearth s magnetic fieldas opposed to the geographic north poleNorth Star ; see Polaris.Notices to Mariners;updates and corrections to chart data.OOverfallsPParallax; the apparent differences in the positions of objects viewed along different line

40、s of sight.Passage plan; a written plan of a proposed voyage.Pilot book; a guide book giving details of coastlines and harbours and sailing directions.Pilotage plan;a navigation plan for a passage.Plotting Sheet ; a paper sheet separate from the cart where a navigator can plot his LOPs and the vesse

41、ls course.Position line; see LOP.Position fix; see Fix.Polaris; is the pole star of the Northern Hemisphere it is located almost directly above the true position of due northPtolemy; Claudius Ptolemaeus, c. AD 90 to c. 168 a Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, possibly of Greek or Egyptian

42、origin.QQuadrant ; a precursor to the sextant as an instrument used tomeasure altitudes up to 90 ° or one quarter of a circle, hence the name. First proposed by Ptolemy as an improvement on the astrolabe.RRange; the distance at which a light or mark can be seen from sea level. Also the differen

43、ce between the height of low water and high water.Range Markers, or Transits;marks or lights which when in lineindicate a safe channel.Raster marine charts;electronic charts which conform to IHOspecifications are produced by scanning a paper charts.Rhumb line; a course sailed using a constant compas

44、s course. An imaginary line drawn on a chart which crosses all the meridians at a constant angle.Rule of Twelfths;a method formaking quickestimationsof tidalheight. See alsoRule of tenths.Running fix ; advancing a LOPor previouslineof positionforwardto a current line of position. A fix based on two

45、separated bearings of the same fixed object and the distance run between the bearings.Navigation termsS navigation terms.Safe water Mark;one which, indicates that there is safe waterfor navigation is all around the markSecondry port ; in the Tide Tables this is a port where the details have to be wo

46、rked out in relation to a Standard Port.Sector Lights; light emitted from a single position which will show up as either red, white or green depending on the angle of the observer, designed to indicate a safe navigational area.Semi-diurnal; occurring twice per day.Set ; the direction towards which a

47、 Tide or Current is flowing.Sextant;an instrumentused to measuring angulardistances,likethe altitude of the sun, moon and stars for navigation.Sidereal Hour Angle (SHA); the angular distance of a star from the First Point of Aries.Slack water ; the interval at high and low water where the stream cea

48、ses momentarily before changing direction.Snellius construction; a method for combining three compassbearings to obtain a position fix, one where magnetic variation and deviation need not to be taken into account.Solid state compass;Sounding; a method of measuring the depth of water.Soundings ; wate

49、r shallowenough to allowdepth to be measured bylead line.Southern Cross ; see Crux.South MagneticPole ;thesoutherlypointtowardwhich a compass'needle always points, the south of the earth as opposed to the geographic south pole.s magnetic fieldSpecial Marks; buoyage indicators of special areas or objects mentioned on the charts or in other nautical and publications.Speed Made Good, SMG; the actual speed over the ground as opposed to through the water.Spring tide ; where the rise and fall or range of the tide is greatest, occurring around the time of th