现在完成时讲解与练习

1、现在完成时1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如：I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我

2、没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.3）. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three time

3、s.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Where's your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。一、 结构1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的

4、过去分词+其他二、 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间)， for+短时间， since+点时间， so far,

5、 how long 提问的疑问句中.He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ?Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in

6、 Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been

7、in hospital _ October.注意：如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this

8、 pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 三、 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连

9、用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。 若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的-begin, start, finish,

10、 go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。

11、）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：171、gobe away 2、 comebe here 3、 come backbe back 4、 leavebe away（be not here） 5、 buyhave 6、 borrowkeep 7、 diebe dead 8、 beginbe on 9、

12、 finishbe over 10、 openbe open 11、 closebe closed 12、 losebe lost 13、 get to knowknow 14、 turn onbe on 15、 get upbe up 16、 sit downsit/beseated 17、 joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebeHe has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes. ×

13、以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutesHe has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年

14、了。 4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）四、 区别下面三组词Have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来Have been in 表示一直在某个地方 It/that/this is the + 第几次 + that句子（此句子用现在完成时） It /this/that was the + 第几次 +that句子（此句子用过去完成时） It/that/this is the + 形容词最高级+名词 + that句子（此句子用现在

15、完成时） It/that/this was the + 形容词最高级+名词 + that句子（此句子用过去完成时）It is the first time that I have seen movie. It was the first time that I had seen movie. 这是我第一次看电影。This is the most interesting film that he has seen.This was the most interesting film that he had seen. 这是他看过的最有趣的电影。五、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之

16、前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in O

17、ctober, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,六、 现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他， have/has+not+主语 主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他， ha

18、ve/has+主语现在完成时的练习（一）一、 单项选择1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .before .a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the

19、 past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good. has changed ; better . changed; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was; studying . will; study. has; studied . are; stud

20、ying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States Really? When _ there?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you

21、 _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished. Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have bee

22、n . have become . have mad 113、How long have you _ here ? About two months. been . gone . come . Arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun . has been on . Began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . Was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office. she _ t

23、o the library. has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to Ch

24、ina?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been

25、 here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _

26、.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ 三、 汉译英。1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。（just） 2. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。(never) 3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 4. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 5. 他们已去了美国五年了。(for) 现在完成时练习（二）I. F

27、ill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 199

28、9. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students _ (read)

29、 English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age

30、of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B.

31、 have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in

32、 China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were,

33、goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)  I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)    I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three yea

34、rs ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. Ask the questions1) I

35、 have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.1. I have _ seen him before, s

36、o I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2

37、) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would

38、you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often _ skating in winter?七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Ja

39、ck has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”八、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school /

40、at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .3) I went home yesterday. I home for . .4) They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1) He cam

41、e out two years ago.He _ for _.2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2

42、) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five min

43、utes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film b