M7U4 reading

1、Unit 4 ReadingThe first underground in the world2. What did Charles Holden do?He designed the most famous of the new stations constructed between 1918 and 1938. When was the first underground system opened?In 1863.3. Why was the Victoria Line important? It was important because it linked withother l

2、ines at almost every station, helping make the system more user-friendly.Read again and answer.1. Why was an underground system first developed in London? Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses, trams, cabs and carriages were required. The number of vehicles on the road

3、 caused unbelievable traffic.2. What was the London Underground like in 1863? The tunnels were just beneath he surface of the ground. The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through the narrow tunnels.3. What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground system? He obt

4、ained ownership of the many different lines and set up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London. 4. What unusual uses did the tube have during World War ? During World War , the tube was used as a bomb shelter, an airplane factory, a centre for directing the defence against air attacks an

5、d meeting rooms for the government administration.5. What happened to the London Underground after World War? After World War, the underground system was enlarged and more lines were added because more people travelled on the underground.6. What does it mean when the brochure says that the undergrou

6、nd system is user-friendly? It means it is very convenient for passengers to go to different places in the city from any station.The following years indicate the important stages in the development of the London Underground. Find the information to match the years.An underground railway was approved

7、 to be built.The first tunnels were opened.The next section of the underground system was opened.Two companies linked up to provide underground service in the middle of the city. The first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug.The first electric underground railway was opened.The London Pass

8、enger Transport Board was created.More new stations were constructed.The Jubilee Line was opened.1Reasons2-4Developments5unusual uses6-7ExpansionpopularityHow many parts can the passage be divided into? What does each part focus on?Reading a tourist brochureWhat are the main features of a brochure?1

9、. Dates/years in chronological order 2. Sometimes persons who have made great contributions3. Some historical events that have influencesLanguage points1. have the distinction of 因因而优秀，卓越而优秀，卓越 L22. during the first half of the 19th century L3-43. traffic jam 交通阻塞交通阻塞 L84. lead to L95. give approval

10、 to 赞成，同意赞成，同意 L116. a large amount of money L157. pull through 渡过危机（难关），恢复健康渡过危机（难关），恢复健康 L188. link up 连接，联合连接，联合 L219. at regular intervals 每隔一段每隔一段 L2410. accelerate the pace of 加快步伐加快步伐 L2811. far from L3212. set up L3513. under the authority of 在在掌管下掌管下 L3914. function as 作为作为 L4415. be used a

11、s 用作用作 L4516. be linked with L5117. in honor of L5318. huge numbers of L5519. why not do sth L5920. permit sb. to do sth. L601. However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have caused damaged many old buildings. (P50 L4-6)难句解

12、析难句解析句子结构分析：句子结构分析：在这个复合句中，在这个复合句中，most trains to London only went to the outer city limits是主句；是主句；because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings是原因状语是原因状语从句。从句。to London和和to the outer city都为都为介词短语作定语，分别修饰介词短语作定语，分别修饰trains和和railway tracks。2. Unfortunately, the n

13、umber of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere. (P50 L7-9)句子结构分析：句子结构分析：此句为此句为and连接起来连接起来的并列句。第一个分句为一个简单句；的并列句。第一个分句为一个简单句；第二个分句为结果状语主从复合句第二个分句为结果状语主从复合句, the roads became so busy 是主句是主句, that no one could travel anywher

14、e是结果状语从是结果状语从句。句。3. Travelling on these lines was not convenient, though, as each line was possessed by a different company, and many were very far from each other. (P50 L31-32)1) 句子结构分析：句子结构分析：Travelling on these lines was not convenient, though为主句，为主句，as each line was possessed by a different comp

15、any, and many were very far from each other为原因状语从句；状语从句又为原因状语从句；状语从句又为由为由and连接的两个并列句。连接的两个并列句。2) 语言知识分析：语言知识分析：Travelling on these lines was inconvenient, though意为意为“然而，搭乘这些线路很不方然而，搭乘这些线路很不方便便”，句子中的句子中的though为副词，意为为副词，意为“可可是，不过，然而是，不过，然而”，常被置于句中或句末。，常被置于句中或句末。4. Having seen the situation, a wealthy

16、American businessman, Charles Yerkes, undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London. (P51 L33-36)1)句子结构分析：句子结构分析：此句虽然很长，但实此句虽然很长，但实际上是一个简单句。主干为际上是一个简单句。主干为a wealthy American businessman und

17、ertook improving the system。句首的。句首的Having seen the situation为为V-ing短语作状语；短语作状语；Charles Yerkes为为a wealthy American businessman的同位语；后面的的同位语；后面的by obtaining ownership .是方式状语。是方式状语。2） 语言知识分析：语言知识分析：Having seen the situation意为意为“看到这种看到这种情况情况”。一般说来，一般说来，V-ing形式作状语时，形式作状语时，逻辑主语为主句的主语，用完成式表示逻辑主语为主句的主语，用完成式表

18、示其动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前。其动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前。5. A new line was used as an underground airplane factory, an underground station was used as a centre for directing the defence against air attacks, and the station nearest the Prime Ministers house was used by the Prime Minister as meeting rooms for the administration of government. (P51 L45-48)句子结构分析：句子结构分析：此句为此句为and连接起来的三个并列句。第连接起来的三个并列句。第一个分句为一个分句为A new line w