高考名词性从句课件

1、2021-12-19一艘游轮遭遇海难，船上有对夫妻好不容易来到救生艇前，艇上只剩一个位子，这时，男人把女人推向身后，自己跳上了救生艇。女人站在渐沉的大船上，向男人喊出了一句话讲到这里，老师问学生：“你们猜，女人会喊出什么话？”2021-12-19学生们群情激愤，都说“我恨你”、“我瞎了眼”这时老师注意到有个学生一直没发言，就向他提问，这个学生说：“老师，我觉得女人会喊照顾好我们的孩子！”老师一惊，问：“你听过这个故事？”学生摇头：“没有，但我母亲生病去世前，就是对我父亲这样说的！”老师感慨道：“回答正确。下面，大家听我把这个故事讲完。”2021-12-19轮船沉没了，男人回到家乡，独自带大女儿

2、。多年后，男人病故，女儿整理遗物时，发现了父亲的日记。原来，父亲和母亲乘坐游轮时，母亲已患了绝症。关键时刻，父亲冲向了那唯一的生机，他在日记中写道：“我多想和你一起沉入海底，可我不能。为了女儿，我只能让你一个人长眠在深深的海底”故事讲完，教室里沉默了，老师知道，学生们已经听懂了这个故事：世间的善与恶，有时错综复杂，难以分辨，所以请不要轻易做判断。 句子句子 类型类型简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句主句主句从句从句adj.性从句性从句 (定从定从)n.性从句性从句adv.性从句性从句(状从状从)主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句Noun ClausesNou

3、n Clauses2021-12-19一一 DefinitionDefinition定义定义 二二 Classification Classification 分类分类 三三 四四 Key points Key points & & DifficultiesDifficulties2021-12-19一一 DefinitionDefinition定义定义 The boy is Li Lei.表语表语主语主语Miss. Li , a 24-year-old girl, teaches English .同位语同位语宾语宾语名词可做成分名词可做成分? ?名词在句中主做 。主语主语表

4、语表语同位语同位语宾语宾语在英语的句子结构中，由一个句子来充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句在功能上相当于名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词.主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont

5、know about the fact that he is a teacher.2021-12-19 二二 Classification Classification 分类分类 名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句subject clause 宾语从句object clause 表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clauseWhere the girl lives is still unknown.The question is where the girl lives now.This is the place where the gir

6、l lives.The girl lives where her mother lives.I have no idea where her mother lives.主从表从定从宾从2021-12-19一主语从句一主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的句子是主语从句，通常放在复合句中充当主语的句子是主语从句，通常放在主句在主句谓语动词之前谓语动词之前或由或由形式主语形式主语it it代替，而本身代替，而本身放在句子末尾。放在句子末尾。1. It 1. It 作形式主语作形式主语 It It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变

7、化。结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 It is a pity It is a pity that you didnt go to see the filmthat you didnt go to see the film. . 一主语从句一主语从句常用it做形式主语的五种句型2021-12-19（1）It is /was +adj. +that 从句 It is clear that you made a mistake again.（2）It is /was +n. +that 从句 It is a pity that you missed the concert.（3）It is /wa

8、s /has been+V.ed +that 从句It has been proved that your theory is not practical.2021-12-19（4）It seems/ appears /happened（vi） that 从句 It seems that you have made a mistake.（5）It+ vt. +obj.+that 从句It disappointed me that he didnt travel with us.常用it做形式主语的五种句型 is a fact that English is being accepted as

9、an is a fact that English is being accepted as an international ernational language. A. There B. This C. That D. It A. There B. This C. That D. ItD what what 引导主语从句时在从句中引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，如主语、宾语、表语，有含义有含义；而而that that 则则无含义无含义，也，也不不充当任何成分充当任何成分, ,不可省略不可省略。 1) _you said yest

10、erday is right.1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It ItIt ItWhatWhatThatThat what what 与与that that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别is right what you said yesterday.is a good thing that she is still alive.2021-12-19 1. _ we cant get

11、seems better than _we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what what / that what / that 填空填空a._ he said at the meeting surprised us.a._ he said at the meeting surprised us.b._ he spokeb._ he spoke（发言）（发言） at the meeting surprised us.at the meeting surprised us. WhatWhatThatThat单个

12、的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。谓语动词则用复数形式。Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murderedWhen the person was murdered and and why he was why he was murdered murdered areare still unknown. still unknown. 2021-12-1

13、9二宾语从句二宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句通常放在主句谓语动词谓语动词 ( (及物动词及物动词) ) 或介词之后或介词之后。1. 1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语I I heardheard (that) he joined the army.(that) he joined the army.She did not She did not knowknow what had happened.what had happened.I I wonderwonder whether you can change this n

14、ote for me.whether you can change this note for me.She She toldtold me me that she would accept my invitation.that she would accept my invitation.二宾语从句二宾语从句3. 3. 作形容词的宾语。作形容词的宾语。 I am I am afraidafraid (that) Ive made a mistake.(that) Ive made a mistake. I am I am suresure (that) he will win the gam

15、e.(that) he will win the game.4. it 4. it 可以作为形式宾语。可以作为形式宾语。 We thought We thought it it good news good news that the fog had finally that the fog had finally gone.gone.2. 2. 作介词的宾语。作介词的宾语。 Our success Our success depends upon depends upon how well we can how well we can cooperate (cooperate (合作合作)

16、with one another.) with one another.2021-12-19 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在在系动词之后系动词之后。可接表语从句的系动词有。可接表语从句的系动词有be, look, be, look, remain, seemremain, seem等。另外，常用的还有等。另外，常用的还有the reason is the reason is that that 和和It is because It is because 等结构。等结构。三表语从句三表语从句基本结构为基本结构为: :主语主语 + + 系动词系动

17、词 + that+ that从句从句1) This is _ we cant get the support of the people.2) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.3) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. 4）It was because I got up late.whywhythatthatwhywhythatthat2021-12-19 The reason why she was upset was _

18、her son didnt pass the final exam. A. that B. so C. why D. becauseThe reason why.is that.2021-12-19四同位语从句四同位语从句1. 1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容名词的具体内容，多数由，多数由thatthat引导引导. . 1) The kings 1) The kings decisiondecision that the prisoner would be set free that the prison

19、er would be set free surprised all the people.surprised all the people. 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名 词性从句。词性从句。四同位语从句四同位语从句2. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。后面，而是被别的词隔开。 He got the news from Mary He got the news from Mary that the sports tha

20、t the sports meeting was put off. meeting was put off. 四同位语从句四同位语从句3. 3. 同位语从句一般放在名词同位语从句一般放在名词fact,news,idea, fact,news,idea, promise, thought ,suggestion,belief, doubt, proof, promise, thought ,suggestion,belief, doubt, proof, message,order,conclusion,truth,word, message,order,conclusion,truth,wor

21、d, information information 等之后等之后, ,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词. .引导词有连词引导词有连词that ;that ;少数情况下也可用少数情况下也可用连接副词连接副词howhow， when when ，where where 四同位语从句四同位语从句1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (

22、should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.4.I have no idea whenwhen he will be back.he will be back.注意2021-12-19doubtdoubt引导同位语从句时，如果主句是引导同位语从句时，如果主句是肯定肯定的，的，连词用连词用whetherwhether；如果主句是；如果主句是否定否定的，连词用的，连词用thatthat I have some doubt I have some doubt he can carry.he can carry.I have no doubt I hav

23、e no doubt he can carry it. he can carry it. whetherwhetherthatthat 在在表示表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求坚持，命令，建议，要求”等意思的名词后同等意思的名词后同位语从句，常用虚拟语气位语从句，常用虚拟语气(should) +do(should) +do，shouldshould可省略。可省略。 The teacher gave us orderThe teacher gave us order that we that we (should) get(should) get there there before 6 a.m.b

24、efore 6 a.m. 2021-12-19_是形容词性的从句是形容词性的从句, , 它与先行词是修饰与它与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。被修饰的关系。_是名词性从句，是对前面名词作进一步是名词性从句，是对前面名词作进一步的补充性解释说明。的补充性解释说明。定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句I heard the news_they won the battle. _Tom told us.thatthat/which同位语从句，扩充说明抽象名词具体容，同位语从句，扩充说明抽象名词具体容，that 不做成分，但不做成分，但不不可省略可省略定语从句，进行修饰限定，定语从句，进行修饰限定，tha

25、t 做成分，做成分，可可省略省略1 1.The news .The news that the plane would take off on that the plane would take off on timetime made everybody happy. made everybody happy.2.The news 2.The news that is spreading around the that is spreading around the airport isairport is that a heavy storm is coming.that a heavy

26、storm is coming.Tell the difference同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句that指代先行词news,在从句中做主语。that连词，不充当句中任何成分，不可省。连词，不充当句中任何成分，不可省。3.The suggestion 3.The suggestion that students should learn that students should learn something practical something practical is worth considering. is worth considering.4.The suggestion

27、 4.The suggestion that they are consideringthat they are considering is is that students should learn something practical.that students should learn something practical.Tell the difference同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句三三 从属连词连接代词连接副词thatthat（无词义无词义）, whether, if , whether, if （是否）（是否）as if/as though (as if/as t

28、hough (好像好像) )what, who, whom, whose, which,what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever, whatever, whichever whoever, whatever, whicheverwhen, where, how, whywhen, where, how, why有词义，有词义，但不做成分但不做成分有词义，做主，有词义，做主，宾，表，定语宾，表，定语 有词义，有词义，做状语成分做状语成分 四四 Key points Key points & & DifficultiesDifficulties1

29、. 1.名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序2. it2. it代替主语从句和宾语从句的用法代替主语从句和宾语从句的用法3. What 3. What 与与 that that 的用法区别的用法区别4. that 4. that 省略与否问题省略与否问题5. whether 5. whether 与与 if if 的用法区别的用法区别6. Whoever ,whatever, whichever 6. Whoever ,whatever, whichever 与与no matter who , no no matter who , no matter what , no matter whichm

30、atter what , no matter which的区别的区别7. 7.名词性从句中虚拟语气的考察名词性从句中虚拟语气的考察8. 8. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别2021-12-19一1.That they are good at English is known to us all.2.The problem is that we dont have enough money.3.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. 结论1： 一般情况下，在_从句中， that不可省略。不可

31、省略。主语、同位语、表语主语、同位语、表语2021-12-19I heard I heard (that) (that) he joined the army.he joined the army.结论2：在_ 通常可以省略可以省略。He said (that) the meeting was very important and that we should take part in it.宾语从句宾语从句但在宾语从句中，有情况但在宾语从句中，有情况thatthat不可省略。不可省略。2021-12-19I am satisfied that what should be done has

32、already done.结论3：在由 that引导的宾语从句中，宾语从句本身又是复合句， that不可以省略不可以省略。2021-12-19-What did you tell him yesterday?-What did you tell him yesterday?-That I would go abroad. -That I would go abroad. 结论结论4 4：在简短回答中，宾语从句中：在简短回答中，宾语从句中thatthat不可以省略不可以省略。2021-12-19I dont doubt, in any case, I dont doubt, in any cas

33、e, thatthat he will he will succeed.succeed.结论5：在主从句之间插入了一个时间状语或其他短语时，that不可以省略不可以省略。2021-12-19二二2021-12-19Whether he will comeWhether he will come is unknown. is unknown. 2. 表语从句表语从句.The question is The question is whether you should accept itwhether you should accept it. .3. 同位语从句同位语从句.The questio

34、n The question whether hell attend the whether hell attend the meetingmeeting is not decided. is not decided. 1. 主语从句主语从句. （主语从句中，it 作形式主语时，可用if )4. 从句作介词的宾语。从句作介词的宾语。 Im not interested in Im not interested in whether theyll go or notwhether theyll go or not. .It depends on It depends on whether we

35、have got enough moneywhether we have got enough money. . 5. 直接跟不定式连用直接跟不定式连用 (to do )。She hasnt decided She hasnt decided whether to go whether to go or not.or not.6.宾语从句提前时宾语从句提前时 。 WhetherWhether this is true or not, I cant say. this is true or not, I cant say.7.在动词在动词discuss后的宾语从句中。后的宾语从句中。We dis

36、cussed We discussed whetherwhether we would have a sports meeting we would have a sports meeting next week.next week.引导条件状语从句，引导条件状语从句，if意为意为“如果如果”时。时。Well go hiking Well go hiking if if it doesnt rain tomorrow. it doesnt rain tomorrow.用用if if 或或whether whether 填空填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomor

37、row.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.7. _ you go or stay at home wont make any differences. . whether/

38、ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherWhetherIf If WhetherWhether_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where What the doctors really doubt is _ my What

39、 the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. whyA. when B. how C. whether D. why三名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序1.Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea 1.Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Hav

40、e you got any idea _? _? A.A. where is the party to be held where is the party to be held B.B. where the party is to be held where the party is to be held C.C. if a party is to be heldif a party is to be heldD.D. whether is a party to be heldwhether is a party to be held 名词性从句的语序必须是名词性从句的语序必须是_。陈述语序

41、陈述语序2. The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 3. He asked _ for a violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid ( (1) 1)在在主语从句主语从句中用来

42、表示中用来表示惊奇惊奇、不相信不相信、惋惜惋惜、理应理应如此如此等等, ,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气 (should) +do(should) +do, ,常用的句型常用的句型有有: : It is necessary (important, natural, strange) that从句从句 It is a pity(a shame, no wonder) that从句从句 It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired)that从句从句 It is necessary that a college student _at least

43、a It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language. foreign language. A.A.masters B. should master masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master C. mastered D. will master ( (2)2)宾语从句宾语从句中表示中表示建议建议、请求请求、命令命令、要求要求、坚持坚持等及等及 物动词后面的从句要用虚拟语气物动词后面的从句要用虚拟语气, ,常用动词：常用动词：suggestsugge

44、st, ,proposepropose, , insistinsist, , desire desire, , demanddemand, , requestrequest, , orderorder, ,commandcommand等。等。 I I insist insist that she that she (should) do (should) do her work alone. her work alone. (3)(3)表语从句表语从句中主语是中主语是suggestionsuggestion, , proposalproposal, , requestrequest, , de

45、cisiondecision等表示等表示 建议、请求、要求、决定等建议、请求、要求、决定等 意思的词时意思的词时, , 谓语动词要用虚拟语气谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should) +do(should) +do 。如。如: : His His suggestion suggestion is is that we (should) hold another meeting that we (should) hold another meeting to to discuss the question.discuss the question. 2021-12-192021-12-19whoev

46、er, whatever, whicheverwhoever, whatever, whichever 即可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句nno matter who , no matter what, no matter no matter who , no matter what, no matter whichwhich只能引导让步状语从句 1. 1. _ team wins on Saturday _ team wins on Saturday will go through to will go through to the national championships .

47、 the national championships . A. No matter which B. No matter what A. No matter which B. No matter what C. Whichever D. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whatever 2. Ill treasure 2. Ill treasure _ you give me._ you give me.A.A.that B. no matter what that B. no matter what C. whatever D. no matter which C. wh

48、atever D. no matter which 3. 3. _season it is , the _season it is , the man always wears his funny-looking hat. man always wears his funny-looking hat. Whatever/ No matter whatWhatever/ No matter what 2021-12-191.That she wants to know is when the party will be held . 3. No matter who did it should

49、be responsible for it . 4.If the meeting will be held this afternoon is not known yet.WhatWhoeverWhether6.The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam.7.I doubt that he has the ability to do it well.9. He said he was wrong and he wanted to make an apology to us . 10.He expre

50、ssed his hope he would visit China again. thatwhetherthatthat12.Who leaves last turns off the light.whoever 1. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. ItD高考再现高考再现 2. we cant get seems better than we have. A. What, what B. What, that C. That,

51、 that D. That, whatA高考再现高考再现3. What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight. A. there, because B. it, that C. he, when D. that, forB高考再现高考再现4. We are ready to do _ the country wants us to do. A. what B. which C. no matter what D. whatever D高考再现高考再现 5. I read about it in some book or other, does it

52、matter it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which6. Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whereverDB高考再现高考再现2021-12-192021-12-19模拟考题模拟考题 1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That

53、D. It 2. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them it作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语考点二考点二_是连词连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分不充当任何成分，即后面跟的是一个完整的句子。即后面跟的是一个完整的句子。而_是连接代词连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分充当成分，通常充当主语，宾语，表语。即后面跟的是一个不完整的句即后面跟的是一个不完整的句子子高考真题高考真题 _ was most important to her was her family. 2008

54、高考山东卷高考山东卷 A. It B. This C. What D. AsIts thirty years since we last met. But I still remembered the story_ we got lost on a rainy night. 2006高考四川卷高考四川卷 A. which B. that C. what D. when what & thatthatwhat考点三考点三1. The earth is round, _ is known to everybody.as/which2. _ is known to everybody, the earth is round.As3. _ the earth is round is known to everybody.That4. _ is known to everybody that the earth is round.It5. Everybody knows _ the earth is round.(that)非限定性