中考复习专题——非谓语动词

1、 学习，永远不晚中考复习专题非谓语动词 构成：（to）+动词原形 动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化） 分词 用法（表、补、定、状）一、动词不定式动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak

2、 English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the pi

3、ano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+

4、for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that. 2. 不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能

5、用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 3.不定式作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, allow, warn, advise,invite,get,encourage后常

6、跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the b

7、oss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4.不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。注意：如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 The room is big enough for 10 people to live in .5.不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告

8、诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。6. 跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳：（加强记忆）动词：agree to do同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do=want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；

9、sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；used to do sth. 过去常做某事句型. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be excited/glad/hap

10、py/sorry/ frightened/amazed/surprised to do sth. be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事 cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会Its + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. Its +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了too(

11、for sb.) to 太以致不能 =not enough to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿而不愿（常考）something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易take turns to do sth. 轮流做There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事try/do ones best

12、 to do sth. 尽力去做某事have no choice but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事have something/nothing to do with sb 与.有关/无关二、动名词1、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成2、V-ing做主语、谓语动词用单数形式如：Eating too much is bad for your health. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。3、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明 动词宾语宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮

13、球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等置于所修饰词前。 4、跟动词的ing形式的情况总结归纳：（加强记忆）动词： finish doing sth

14、.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；practice doing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持续做我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider

15、, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等

16、)如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond ofto作介词+doing 1. look forward to doing sth （盼望） 2. pay attention to doing sth.（注意） 3.be used to doing

17、 sth. （习惯于） 4.prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢） 5.devote to doing sth （致力于） 6. make a contribution to doing （做贡献）三分词包括现在分词和过去分词1.现在分词做定语、其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；Do you know the girl standing there? 过去分词做定语、其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词Please hand in the written exercises.<例>. The boy (cry)_ over&#

18、160;there is my younger brother.  分析：依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。（单选）Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.   A.  to use  B. used  C. using

19、0; D. Use分析：因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词 过去分词作条件状语或时间状语 表被动.2.现在分词做表语表示主语的性质特征。The situation is encouraging.过去分词做表语表示某种状态。The boy is too frightened to move.3.现在分词做宾语补足语表示主动关系。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.过去分词做宾语补足语表示被动关系。He will have his hair cu

20、t after school. 4.分词做状语、逻辑主语是句子的主语。The students went out of the room, talking and laughing.Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.作状语:分词或分词短语可以作时间、原因、方式、结果、伴随等状语。如：Being a student, I must study hard.作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。（原因状语）He ran out of the room, shouting loudly.他大喊着从房间分阶段跑出来。(伴随状语)5现在分词表示

21、正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。如：fallen leaves 落叶（已落下）falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶 developing country 发展中国家developed country 发达国家6. 现在分词表示事物本身所具有的性质，意为“令人的”；过去分词表人感到.常用的还有：interesting/interested, exciting/excited,tiring/tired, boring/bored. 中考易错点：1) stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。They stop to smoke a ciga

22、rette. stop doing停止做某事。I must stop smoking.2) forget doing/to do （同remember） forget to do忘记要去做某事（未做) forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off. ( 已做过关灯的动作) 3) regret doing/to do regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。(未做 regret doing

23、对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。4) try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事。You must try to be more careful. try doing 试验，试着做某事。 I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 6) go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着

24、做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 7) mean doing/to do mean to do打算、想I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. mean doing意味着To raise wage（提高工资） means increasing purchasing power(购买力）.8） can't help to do/doing can't help to do 不

25、能帮助做某事can't help doing情不自禁做He couldnt help to wash the clothes. 我不能帮忙洗衣服。She couldnt help smiling. 她禁不住笑了起来。9） 关于use的短语： used to do 过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing 习惯做 Sb use sth to do/for doing使用.做 被动sth be used to do/for doing10） have sb do s

26、th 让某人做某事have sb doing sth 让某人做某事=keep sth doinghave sth done 让某事被做11） 宁愿做.而不愿做 prefer (not) to do sth.  宁愿（不）做某事= would rather (not) do sth. prefer sb. (not) to do sth.    宁愿某人(不)去做某事 prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2  宁愿做事情1，而不愿做事情2. =would rather do sth.1 than (do)

27、sth.2 =prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (to为介词)12）既可跟do又可跟doing形式的情况: do (强调全过程或经常做，注意被动语态）see/watch/hear/notice sb doing（强调正在做）<随堂练习>用所给词适当形式填空：1、He is funny, he always makes us (laugh).2、He speaks loudly to make himself heard clearly. 3、Do you know the boy _ _ （lie） under the tree?4、The missing boys were seen _ _（play)near the river.5、He is often seen (play) football on the playgrou