【19】第十九讲-高考英语词汇归类策略总复习(1)

1、1高考词汇复习的归类策略高考词汇复习的归类策略 2正确认识单词学习的三个观点：正确认识单词学习的三个观点：3、应和学习策略的培养与应用相结合、应和学习策略的培养与应用相结合。1、是语言学习的重要组成部分。、是语言学习的重要组成部分。2、要结合表达需求，话题范围和语境进行。、要结合表达需求，话题范围和语境进行。3 一、纲内词汇的词类转换与派生一、纲内词汇的词类转换与派生初中英语初中英语1000个基础词：个基础词：agree 高中英语高中英语2500个提高词：个提高词：agreement 二、类别词汇的扩大二、类别词汇的扩大初中英语初中英语1000个基础词：个基础词：clothes 高中英语高中英

2、语2500个提高词：个提高词：clothing，garment三、同三、同/近义词的增加近义词的增加初中英语初中英语1000个基础词个基础词: beautiful，sweet 高中英语高中英语2500个提高词：个提高词：attractive，fair，handsome pretty高中英语词汇三大趋势高中英语词汇三大趋势 43、 其他题型对词汇的考查较为间接。其他题型对词汇的考查较为间接。1、 各题型均在语境中考查词汇各题型均在语境中考查词汇。2、完形填空对词汇的考查较为直接，完形填空对词汇的考查较为直接， 针对某些词或短语。针对某些词或短语。高考各题型怎样考查词汇？高考各题型怎样考查词汇？5

3、 学生词汇复习中存在的主要问题学生词汇复习中存在的主要问题 1. 词汇学习方法单一，大多习惯于背词汇表。词汇学习方法单一，大多习惯于背词汇表。 2. 不善于区分重点词汇和非重点词汇，平均用力。不善于区分重点词汇和非重点词汇，平均用力。 3. 过于依赖中文释义理解词义。过于依赖中文释义理解词义。 4. 不善于通过语境猜测词义。不善于通过语境猜测词义。 5. 词汇运用能力欠缺。词汇运用能力欠缺。 6. 对听说读写对词汇的巩固和强化作用认识不清。对听说读写对词汇的巩固和强化作用认识不清。6词汇教学的内容除了发音、拼写和词义，还应了解词汇的下列知识：词汇教学的内容除了发音、拼写和词义，还应了解词汇的下

4、列知识：1. 语法和句法特征；2. 与其他词汇形成的关系网；3. 词形变化及派生形式；4. 不同功能及在不同语境中的意义；5. 搭配；6. 联想关系和语用特征；7. 有一个词义还是多个词义。7高考英语词汇复习方法高考英语词汇复习方法分级对待分类处理纵横结合81. 纵向复习纵向复习-词汇分级词汇分级高频热词的复习：高频热词的复习： 基本要求：基本要求：识记并熟练运用识记并熟练运用 复习方法：复习方法：通过话题复习，通过话题复习， 针对书面表达针对书面表达实例分享：实例分享： 中学生的爱好和兴趣中学生的爱好和兴趣 以以travel为中心词为中心词 动词短语动词短语35个高频动词个高频动词 9m低频

5、词的复习：低频词的复习：m 基本要求：基本要求：识记意义，识记意义， 掌握基掌握基本用法本用法m 复习方法：复习方法： 单独识记单独识记 借 助借 助阅读文本进行识记阅读文本进行识记实例分享：实例分享： 以字母以字母a a 开头的低频开头的低频词词 appeal toappeal to advocate doingadvocate doing10m熟词的复习：熟词的复习：m 基本要求：基本要求：掌握词汇内涵掌握词汇内涵 关注衍生意义关注衍生意义 复习方法及实例分享：复习方法及实例分享： 结合词典上的例句复习结合词典上的例句复习 进行对比练习进行对比练习 一词多义（熟词生义）一词多义（熟词生义）

6、 缩写词与两种拼法的同义缩写词与两种拼法的同义词词 设置小语篇巩固设置小语篇巩固11横向复习横向复习-词汇分类词汇分类m按社会热点分类按社会热点分类 m按按词汇派生分类，联系拓展形成单词网络 m按功能意念分类按功能意念分类 m按类别词汇分类按类别词汇分类m按同按同 近义词分类近义词分类m实例分享实例分享 四、高三词汇复习课建议四、高三词汇复习课建议“Teaching Senior Three students is not just about Teaching Senior Three students is not just about telling the students the u

7、sage of the key words telling the students the usage of the key words often tested on tests according to the dictionary often tested on tests according to the dictionary entries. It is not just about telling grammar rules entries. It is not just about telling grammar rules and then flooding them wit

8、h endless exercises. It is and then flooding them with endless exercises. It is not just about preparing them for the College not just about preparing them for the College Entrance Examination. It is about motivating them to Entrance Examination. It is about motivating them to use words properly in

9、meaningful language situations use words properly in meaningful language situations by providing them with opportunities. It is about by providing them with opportunities. It is about helping students promote their comprehensive helping students promote their comprehensive language competence. ” lan

10、guage competence. ” 词汇复习中应注意的几个问题1、注重词汇的比喻义、引申义等。2、注重词的各种搭配。3、注重词汇预制块。4、词汇与语法结合。5、做适当的翻译练习。6、尽量用英语释义。14 spare time； favorite; interest; hobby; appetite; taste; read novels; play football/basketball; surf the internet; chat online; play games; collect stamps; make e-friends; watch TV; enjoy popular m

11、usic; be interested in; develop an interest in; be fond of; be keen on; have love for; have a taste in 中学生的爱好和兴趣中学生的爱好和兴趣 baggage; luggage; travel plan; journey; trip; scene; energy; places of interest; around the world; well-known; interesting; excited; transportation; pack以以travel为中心词为中心词16m动词短语动词

12、短语3535个高频动词：个高频动词： ask，break，bring， call， carry， catch， come， do， find， get，give，go，have，help，hold，keep，leave，let，look，make， prefer， put， run， see， send， set， show，speak，stand，take，talk，tell，think，turn，work。17 Break away from （逃离；远离） Break down（出故障；失败；身体垮掉）Break into（闯入） Break out（爆发；发生） Break off（打

13、断；断绝；突然终止） Break through（克服；突破） Break up（分解；结束；解散；分手）以以Break为中心的动词短语为中心的动词短语18 Bring about（导致；引起） Bring back（带回；使回忆） Bring down（使下降；击落） Bring forward（提出； 提前） Bring in（把.引进；挣得（收入） Bring on（引起；使发展） Bring out（出版；显现）Bring up（养育；抚养）以以Bring 为中心的动词短语为中心的动词短语19 以副词以副词out为中心动词短语为中心动词短语 Break out（发生；爆发）（发生；爆发

14、） Bring out（出版）（出版）Call out（召唤）（召唤） Carry out（贯彻；执行）（贯彻；执行）Come out（出来；出版）（出来；出版） Work out（锻炼）（锻炼） Cut out（切下（切下) Go out(熄灭熄灭) Give out(分发；公布分发；公布) Hold out (伸出；坚持伸出；坚持) Keep out(使使. 不入内不入内) Leave out(省去省去) Look out(当心；提防当心；提防) Pick out (辨别出辨别出) Pull out(驶出；驶离驶出；驶离) Put out(拿出；扑灭拿出；扑灭) Send out (发出发

15、出) Figure out(算出；理解算出；理解)20absorb： be -ed in abundant： be inaccess： have toaccuse： sb of doing sthadapt： (oneself)to sthadjust： sth to sthadvocate： doing sthafford： to do sthappeal： toapprove： of sb doing sthattach： sth to sthattempt： to doavailable： be toaverage： on(anthe) avoid： doingaware： be of低

16、频词的复习低频词的复习mWhy does the author give a detailed description of a particular picture in the Sunday newspaper?mA. To create an atmosphere of fear and depression brought by the tornado.mB. To appeal to unconcerned people to donate for the poor families.mC. To show the helplessness and hopelessness of t

17、he family mentioned in the paper.mD. To stress what touched her and made her decide to help the hopeless family.m43. Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the reports published by IPSO? mA.ToTo appealappeal toto world governments toto halt CO2 increase at 450ppm. mB. ToTo tell us that the oce

18、an is bearing the pressure of human-induced changes toto our planet.m C. ToTo ask the governments toto carry out new measures for the sustainable fishing in the high oceans. mD. ToTo advise the governments toto make a priority list for tackling the key groups of chemicals that cause most The author

19、wants to appeal to _m54.54. TheThe writerswriters purposepurpose forfor writingwriting thisthis articlarticle e isis to_.to_.A.A. complaincomplain aboutabout problemsproblems inin schoolschool educationeducation B.B. teachteach studentsstudents differentdifferent strategiesstrategies forfor schoolsc

20、hool lifelife C.C. advocateadvocate teachingteaching conflictconflict managementmanagement inin schoolschools s D.D. informinform teachersteachers ofof thethe latestlatest studiesstudies onon schoolschool violenceviolence 24m如：如：observeobserve这个单词在牛津高阶词典上的例句为：这个单词在牛津高阶词典上的例句为：1 1）The police observed

21、 a man enter the bank.The police observed a man enter the bank. ( (注意到注意到) ) 2 2）All the characters in the novel are closely All the characters in the novel are closely observed. (seem like people in real life.observed. (seem like people in real life.栩栩如栩栩如生生) )3 3）They observed how the parts of the

22、 machine They observed how the parts of the machine fitted together. (fitted together. (观看观看) )4 4）She observed that it was getting late. (She observed that it was getting late. (说话、说话、评论评论) )5 5）Will the rebels observe the ceasefire? (Will the rebels observe the ceasefire? (遵守遵守) )6 6）Do they obser

23、ve Christmas? (Do they observe Christmas? (庆祝庆祝) ) 借助词典例句复习借助词典例句复习25msight，sign，view，scene，scenery1）The school was built on a hill, so we had a very wonderful _ from the top. （scene/sight/sign/view）2）The best part of the trip was the _. Its fantastic. (scenery/view/sight/scene)3）The practice of han

24、ging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city. (sign/sight/appearance)组织对比练习复习26m熟词的复习：熟词的复习：一词多义（熟词生义）：一词多义（熟词生义）：熟义熟义单词单词其它意义其它意义 1.摘要abstract n.adj. 抽象的 2.帐（目）account n. n. 陈述；理由；vi. 报帐，说明（原因等） 3.法令act n.n. 行动；条例；幕；v. 行动；表演；做事 4.细胞cell n.单人小室 ；3.电池 5.链，链条 chain n 一连串，一系列；

25、 连锁店； （复数） 镣 6.性格，品质 character n.性质，特性； 人物，角色 ；文字，字 27m熟词的复习：熟词的复习：一词多义（熟词生义）：一词多义（熟词生义）：（bear can content fair fall fine flat fly kind lie make match mine miss park patient present prey will）28m熟词的复习：熟词的复习：一词多义（熟词生义）：一词多义（熟词生义）： ）bear v. 1. 承受，负担承受，负担 ； 2.忍受，容忍；忍受，容忍； 3. 生育生育 ； 4. 带有，怀有带有，怀有I dont

26、feel very well. I cant bear this weather.(忍受忍受)His shoulders can bear heavy load.（承担（承担She had born many children.（生育）（生育）Because of the love she bore him ,she would have faced any danger.（怀有（怀有）Bear 小句分享小句分享29m熟词的复习熟词的复习：一词多义（熟词生义）：一词多义（熟词生义）：Content Empty the contents of your purse. (里面的东西里面的东西)So

27、 long as you make happy I am content. （满意的）（满意的）The cozy fire and good company contented him. （使满意）（使满意）matchA boy is not a match for a man .(对手对手)Here is a box of matches for lighting the fire.（火柴）（火柴） make When it comes to watches, I wouldnt buy any other make. (型号型号)30缩写词与两种拼法的同义词缩写词与两种拼法的同义词Ad=a

28、dvertisement exam= examination gym=gymnasiumLab=laboratory pop= popular mm=millimeter Tyre=tire Eg. We went to the school gymnasium to play. This is a tiny transparent pill, about 20 millimetres long.m语篇巩固：语篇巩固： My people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to schoo

29、l. A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper. Yesterday, Mary and I went picnic, its not fine at all as there is fine rain all day long. To make things worse, on the way back home, we got fined by the traffic police because of speeding.m按社会热点分类m原则：开拓视野，为阅读理解服务开拓视野，为阅读理解服务m如大纲

30、中以a开头的科技词汇： access; accurate; active; advance; advantage; amount; analyze; analysis; angle; application; apply; approach; approximately; architecture; arrange; aspect; assess; astronomy; atmosphere; atom; attach; attract; attraction; attractive; automatic; automaticallypay attention to lead to look

31、forward to devote to contribute to be used to be accustomed to adapt to 名词：名词： 1. 对象、宾语对象、宾语 2. 目标、目的目标、目的 3. 物体物体动词：动词： 1. 反对、反抗反对、反抗 2. 讨厌讨厌v. opposev. disagreeprep. Be againstobject toobjectobjectionobjective派生一词多义搭配类似意义相同结构object按词汇派生，联系拓展，形成单词网络按词汇派生，联系拓展，形成单词网络 喜欢：喜欢：adore, appeal to, attract,

32、 be fond of, care for, enjoy, adore, appeal to, attract, be fond of, care for, enjoy, fall in love, fancy, keen on, like, love fall in love, fancy, keen on, like, love Dear Anna,Dear Anna, It was great to hear from you after so many years. Im eager to tell It was great to hear from you after so many

33、 years. Im eager to tell you that I have a boyfriend called Tom. Weve known each other for three you that I have a boyfriend called Tom. Weve known each other for three years. I quite liked (years. I quite liked (喜欢喜欢) Tom when we first met, but I didnt fancy () Tom when we first met, but I didnt fa

34、ncy (倾倾慕慕) him at all. He invited me out and I really enjoyed () him at all. He invited me out and I really enjoyed (享受享受) spending ) spending time with him. I was attracted (time with him. I was attracted (吸引吸引) by his stories of his travels around ) by his stories of his travels around the world.

35、Moreover, we were both very keen on (the world. Moreover, we were both very keen on (热衷热衷) sailing. Soon I ) sailing. Soon I realised I had fallen in love (realised I had fallen in love (爱上爱上) with him. His sense of humour really ) with him. His sense of humour really appealed to (appealed to (吸引吸引)

36、 me. Now, three years later I absolutely adore () me. Now, three years later I absolutely adore (爱慕爱慕) ) him. Hes a very caring (him. Hes a very caring (关心别人的关心别人的) person, fond of () person, fond of (喜爱喜爱) animals and ) animals and small children. Hes always loving (small children. Hes always lovin

37、g (满怀爱意的满怀爱意的) towards me and the people ) towards me and the people he cares for (he cares for (关心关心). I hope well worship (). I hope well worship (爱慕爱慕) each other as much as we ) each other as much as we do now. Do write again soon and tell me about how you are!do now. Do write again soon and tel

38、l me about how you are! Love JudeLove Jude 看：gaze, glance, glimpse, look, notice, observe,gaze, glance, glimpse, look, notice, observe, peer, see, stare, witness peer, see, stare, witness Yesterday I glancedglanced (匆匆一看) out of the window and noticednoticed (注意到) a man observingobserving (观察) a hou

39、se opposite through a telescope. I thought I glimpsedglimpsed (瞥见) a woman inside the house. Then I saw saw (看见) someone else peeringpeering (仔细看) into the window of the same house. I gazedgazed (凝视) at them wondering what they were doing. Suddenly the first man stopped staringstaring (注视) through h

40、is telescope. He went and hit the other one on the head with the telescope and I realized that I had witnessedwitnessed (目击) a crime. ( (说明：说明：glimpseglimpse，peerpeer，gazegaze是非课标词汇，但高考中出现过是非课标词汇，但高考中出现过) )36Your visit has cheered up the sick man .(使高兴使高兴)We cheered as he neared finish line.（欢呼）（欢呼）

41、We give three cheers for the boy who won the game.（喝彩）（喝彩）He raised his glass to Mr Jackson ! Cheers!（干杯）干杯）He showered quickly before he got dressed.(洗淋浴）洗淋浴）It started to shower. Im sure to get wet.（下阵雨（下阵雨）Good wishes were showered on the bride.（倾注到）（倾注到）We always have a shower after a game of fo

42、otball.第一组第一组 动词、强调其动作性动词、强调其动作性37A bright girl learns quickly.(聪明的）聪明的） Everybody was bright at the party.（欢快的）（欢快的）Children in bright coloured dresses played on the ground. （鲜艳的）（鲜艳的） It was rude of you to interrupt that lady when she was speaking.(粗鲁的）粗鲁的） People of Stone Age used rude tools.（简陋粗

43、糙的）（简陋粗糙的）第二组第二组 形容词中描写正面和褒义的，反面或贬义的形容词中描写正面和褒义的，反面或贬义的38第三组名词第三组名词 名词中的衣食住行等的分类名词中的衣食住行等的分类第一类：表示衣服穿着与被盖等第一类：表示衣服穿着与被盖等I. She came bustling out, wiping her hands on her apron2. She was wearing a navy blue skirt and White blouse.3. He was wearing riding pants, high boots and spurs4. The nurse wore a

44、 pleated (打褶的打褶的) cap on her head.5. Food here is cheaper than in Britain; clothing, on the other hand, is dearer.（shirt、skirt、sleeve、garment、socks、towel、. uniforms.、vest、underpants.391.It is the alcohol in drink makes people drunk. 2. Bacon is salted or smoked meat which comes from the back or side

45、s of a pig.3. On these fine evenings we usually have a barbecue.4. In British English, a biscuit is a small flat cake that is crisp and usually sweet. 5. Children never seem to like eating cabbage.第二类：食品与食物等第二类：食品与食物等401. They said theyll shoot down any aircraft entering the airspace.2. Quick, call

46、an ambulance. I think hes had a heart attack.3. A broad avenue of lime trees(椴木椴木) led up to a grand entrance with huge oak(橡树橡树) doors.4. The trolleybuss major advantages are that it is quiet and pollution-free.5. Because of the bad weather, freeway driving conditions are expected to be dangerous t

47、onight.第三类：交通工具与时空等第三类：交通工具与时空等41 1. Weve had another invasion of ants in the kitchen.2. Mosquitoes carry diseases.3. A herd of deer was peacefully grazing (吃草吃草) between the forest and the river.4. As dusk fell, bats began to fly between the trees.5. Thunder is considered to be painfully loud.第四类：动

48、植物及自然现象421.The sprit is willing, but the flesh is weak.(肉体）肉体）2.All flesh must die.（凡人）（凡人） 3.A fat person has a great deal of flesh.（肉）（肉）4.The flesh of the peach was sweet and juicy.（果肉）（果肉）第五类：第五类： 人自身及各种职业与称谓人自身及各种职业与称谓43“the phenomena that psychology takes as its province cover an enormous rang

49、e.Some border on biology，others touch on social science, such as anthropology and sociology. Some concern behavior in animals, many others pertain behavior in humans. Some are about conscious experience, others focus on what people do regardless of what they may think or feel inside. Some involve hu

50、mans or animals in isolation, others concern what they do when they are in groups. A few examples will give an initial sense of the scope of the subject matter.” 44按同近义词分类 第一组形容词第一组形容词1完全的，总体的absolute, all, complete, entire every, full, perfect, total, whole2准确的，确定的accurate, appropriate, correct, exact, just, positive, precise, proper, specific, regular, right,Standard, strict, true3真诚的，纯正的actual, honest, natural, pure, real, sound, true4焦虑的，害怕的afr