必修五unit3语法讲义精编版

1、过去分词作状语The Past Participle as the AdverbialByVincent一、 Please find out the past participles.1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.2.The glass is broken.3.Mary heard her name called by a stranger.4.Influenced by the events of the late 19th century and his education, young Coubertin developed a firm belie

2、f that sports possessed the power to benefit human beings and courage peace among the nations of the world.Combine the two sentencesWhen our future school is seen from the space, our future school looks like a plate.Seen from the space, our future school looks like a plate.1. 时间状语（ time）可在过去分词前加上连词w

3、hen, while, until 等来强调时间概念1)When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful._2)Don t speakuntil you are spoken to._.Because She is surprised at the schoolbag, she turns her head back to find out what happens._2. 原因状语（ cause）Because the boy was greatly touched by his teacher, he dids awl

4、otrdsofthings to help his classmates._Because he was surprised at what happened, Tom didn t know what to do._If I am given a time machine , I willpay a visit to the future._.3. 条件状语（ condition）If we were given more time, we could do it much better._If it is heated to a high temperature, water will c

5、hange into vapor._4. 让步状语（ concession）Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields._Even if I m invited, I won t take part in the party._15. 方式、伴随状语Accompanying action/mannerThe teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students._.The

6、teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students._.summary过去分词作状语1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2.过去分词作状语表示 _/或 _的动作 ,相当一个状语从句。3.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。重难点辨析（一）：主语一致_ from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden._from the hill, the city looks like a big garden.如果句子的主

7、语和分词是主动关系, 用_，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用_。1. 从上面看 ,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.A. SeeingB. Seen2. 从太空看 , 宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A. SeeingB. Seen重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况1，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构， 作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。lost (迷路 );seated 坐( );hidden (躲

8、);lost / absorbed in (沉溺于 );born (出身于 );dressed in(穿着);2，由某些动词后面加 -ed 转化来的形容词也具有此用法。如： frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn t know what to do.分词作状语答题记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系

9、。主动 -ing,被动用 -ed。Having been done 表先后，千万要牢记。使用过去分词作状语时容易错的两种情况1. 忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是句中主语 (或主动或被动 )。如: If heated, _.A. people can turn water into gas B. one can change ice into waterC. ice turns into waterD. people get water from ice若分词主语与句中主语不一致 ,则可以用其他方法来修正 : 给分词添加自己的主语 ,构成独立主格结构或改变语态。改为相应的状语从句来表达。用

10、with 复合结构等。如:完成作业后 ,孩子们出去踢足球了。2Finished their homework, the children went out to play football.Theirhomeworkfinished,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(独立主格结构 )Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football.(现在分词完成形式 )With their homework finshed, the children went out to play

11、football.(with 的复合结构 )After finishing their homework, the children went out to play football.(介词+动名词 )有些含有分词的固定插入语, 其逻辑主语不要求与主语一致。如:judging from( 从 .来判断 );generally(frankly/exactly/)speaking./一般地 (坦率地 /确切地 )说 ;considering(考虑到 );talking of( 说到 ).;supposing that(假使 ).;seeing that(鉴于 ).等。如: Considering

12、 his health, he was made to stay at home。2. 不能正确区分 doing(现在分词 )和 done(过去分词 )的用法(1)_ the progamme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed(2)_ many times, he still came to school late.A. Having toldB. Having been to

13、ldC. ToldD. Being told(3) _ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. Being lostConsolidate:1) _ 如(此高兴 ), we decided to stay two more days.Function: _2) _ 十(六世纪烧毁后 ), the castle was neverrebuilt.Function: _3) _ (被他的话所感动 ), I accepted his present. Functi

14、on: _4) _ 从(山上看 ), the lake looks beautiful. Function: _5) _ 如(果吃地及时 ) the medicine will be quite effective.Function: _练习：1、 _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose2. If _ the same treatment again, he s sure to get well.A. givingB. giveC. giv

15、enD. being given3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in theUnited States.A. FoundedB. It was foundedC. Being foundedD. Founding4. _ with the size of the whole eart h, the biggest ocean doesn t seembig at all.A. CompareB. When comparingC. ComparingD. When compared35._ time, he

16、 ll make-clasfirsttennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given6._ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. DressedB. To dressC. DressingD. Having dressed7.Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having in

17、vited8._ more attention, the tree could havegrown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given.9. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened10. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language ca

18、me outin the16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written11. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. beingD. to be completed12. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered14. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.A.following, followingB. followed, followedC. following, followedD followed, following15. _, but he still could not understand it.A. Told many time