中考化学总复习 第二部分 专题复习 高分保障 专题1 气体的制取与净化课件 新人教版 (74)

1、第三部分第三部分 题型研析题型研析 高分保障高分保障题型题型 4 4综合填空综合填空 综合填空是一种要求高、难度大、区分度高的题型。近几年该题型主要以考查学生对上下文的理解和把握能力、对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力、根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力以及对习惯用法和常用搭配的运用能力为主。预计2018年中考中该题型会设置2篇短文，以从方框中选词填空的形式出现，每篇短文为从方框中所给的7个词中选出6个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化。在备考以及平时的学习中，除了具备必要的词汇和语法知识外，还应具备综合运用语言的能力；不能一味地以语法为中心，更应该在语篇中领悟语言，在真实语境中使用语言；同时还要

2、注重各种文体的阅读，在阅读过程中，多注意上下文的联系，多体会作者的写作意图，加强分析推理能力。解题技法解题技法指导指导例题精析例题精析 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给的7个词汇中选择6个意义相符的词汇，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处。A2017潍坊中考改编 In my life，a person who has influenced me most is my father.He is a model for me.Now Ill tell you about his story.My father is in his 1._He never smokes or drinks.He

3、has worked in a local factory for years.You will not find anything 2._ about him until you learn more.He works 3._ all the time，so he is respected by his colleagues.My father has always been kind and helpful.He has fun talking with old people.careful，usual，fifty，and，death，kind，forHe gave our TV to a

4、 family who could not afford one.He cares 4._ the children who have lost their parents.Whenever he has some money left，he will give it to someone in need. My father has donated blood many times since we moved here.The blood he has donated is much enough to save over 70 lives.He has donated blood cel

5、ls to people with blood cancer.To my surprise，he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his 5._ When I was a little girl，I could not understand why my father always seemed to be 6._ to others than to his own family and why he thinks of others more than himself.Now I realize that h

6、e owns a heart full of love.【主旨大意】作者在文中讲述了自己父亲的事迹。在我的生活中，父亲对我影响最大。他是我的榜样。通过种种事迹说明，父亲拥有一颗充满爱的心。1【解析】 in ones fifties是固定短语，意为“在某人五十多岁时”。在这一结构中基数词“整十”用复数形式。【答案】 fifties2【解析】 由前半句中的not提示用usual的反义词unusual。句意：直到你了解他多了，才会发现他的不同寻常。【答案】 unusual3【解析】 修饰动词work，用副词。【答案】 carefully4【解析】 care for为固定短语，意为“关心”。句意：他关

7、心那些没有父母的孩子们。【答案】 for5【解析】 形容词性物主代词后用die的名词形式death。【答案】 death6【解析】 由后文中的“than”可知此处应用比较级，句意为“我不能理解为什么我的父亲看起来对别人总是比对自己的家人还要好”【答案】 kinderB BA Delicious MealA Delicious Meal Tony is Chinese American.His family members gather together and serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week.Last week Tony 7._ his

8、 friend Amy for it. Tonys family 8._ dinner when Amy arrived.The father was cooking vegetables with hot oil.The kitchen was filled with many good smells.“You can help me set the table，” Tony told his friend.They gave each person a pair of chopsticks，a soup bowl，a soup spoon，and a rice bowl on a plat

9、e. “Where are the forks and knives？”Amy asked. “Oh，you wont 9._ those，” Tony e x p l a i n e d . “ I l l s h o w y o u h o w t o u s e chopsticks.Dont worry.”invite，eat，need，hold，learn，read，prepare Tonys mother put different foods which were unfamiliar to Amy onto big plates.She asked the kids to ca

10、rry the foodfilled plates out to the table.Amy carried roast duck.It was one of the few dishes she recognized. Amy was a little nervous about 10._with chopsticks.Tony gave her instructions on how to do it.Amy finally managed to hold the chopsticks.Just when she picked up a piece of chicken in her ch

11、opsticks，her fingers suddenly lost control of them，and the chicken flew across the table.It landed in Tonys soup with a splash (飞溅)Everyone at the table smiled. Tonys father kindly brought out a fork and knife.He handed them to Amy.Amy felt more comfortable.She ate the rest of her dinner easily.It w

12、as delicious! At the end of the meal，Amy was given a fortune cookie (签语饼干)She broke it open and 11. _ the small note inside.“If you practise hard，you will 12. _ many things.” Amy laughed and said，“If you let me take home a pair of chopsticks，my fortune may come true！”【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了艾米应邀去托尼家做客时所

13、发生的一件事情。7invited解析：由下文可推知，托尼邀请艾米来他家做客。由上下文时态可判断，本句应用一般过去时态。故填动词过去式invited。8was preparing解析：根据后面when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时可知此处应为过去进行时，表示正在准备晚餐。9need解析：由下句托尼跟艾米解释的话“Ill show you how to use chopsticks.”可推知，托尼解释说“不需要用刀叉吃饭”。助动词wont后跟动词原形。故填动词need。10eating根据“with chopsticks”以及常识可知应是“用筷子吃东西”。介词about后用动名词。11read由下

14、一句引号部分可知，是“读”出这一句话。12learn由上句“If you practise hard(如果你加强练习)”，可知此空为learn“学会”。技法点拨技法点拨一、弄清文章大意 要跳过空格，浏览全文，理解文章的大意，特别要注意读懂文章的第一句，这一句通常不设空格，它对我们理解文章的主旨起着非常重要的作用。二、做好句法分析 通过句法分析弄清楚要填的词在句中充当主语、谓语还是宾语等。如果是主语或宾语，要填的应当是名词或代词；如果是谓语，要填的就应是动词；如果是在名词前作定语或者在系动词后作表语，要填的应当是形容词等。三、考虑词形变化 如果是名词或代词要考虑该用单数还是复数；如果是人称代词要

15、考虑用主格还是宾格；如果是动词就要考虑是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；如果是谓语动词就要考虑是用主动语态还是被动语态。还要考虑该用哪一种时态；如果是非谓语动词主要考虑是用ing形式、不定式还是用过去分词等。切不可一确定填哪个单词后，就在不作任何考虑的情况下填上去，犯了不该犯的错。四、注意固定搭配 根据空格前后的固定搭配来分析。如：be good at，be interested in，make progress，at least，at most，at last，in this way，pay a visit to，take care of，a lot of，have a population of，

16、get on well with，have a party，give sb.sth.，ask sb.to do sth.，be/get used to，spend.doing，so.that.等。五、利用上下文语境 即利用上下文的意思与结构来填空。这个上下文可能是空格所处的句子本身的前部分和后部分，也可能是空格前后的那个句子或那几个句子，还有可能要结合前后段落或对整篇文章的理解。有时甚至还要结合常识进行简单的逻辑推理才能准确判断出该填哪个词。六、复读全文，验证答案 仔细检查所填词是否符合短文的主旨，发现问题要及时更正。即时运用即时运用Passage 1A 2015德州中考改编 A car st

17、opped outside the Cherry Hotel and a young man got 1._Mrs.Smith said to the young man，“What can I do for you，sir？” “Excuse me，”the young man said，“I am looking for my uncle，Mr.White.He has been away from home 2._ two days ago.I think he is staying here.”“Yes，he is.”Mrs.Smith said，“But Im afraid that

18、 he went back to London yesterday.”since，ill，until，out，long，thank，realoutsince “Oh，dear，”said the young man，looking sad，“I went to his house，but I was told by his children that he was going to stay here 3._ the end of the week.” “Yes，”said Mrs.Smith，“He wanted to stay here the whole week，but yesterd

19、ay someone called him saying that one of his friends was 4._.So he caught the train back to London to see the friend at once.” “He should let me know，”the young man said，“I wrote him a letter，saying that I was coming.Well，since he isnt here，I wont wait any 5._”untililllonger The young man thanked Mr

20、s.Smith and went out.Mrs.Smith watched him leave.When his car couldnt be seen，she called out，“You can come out now，Mr.White.Hes gone.” Mr.White came out of the bedroom. “Many 6._，Mrs.Smith.”he said laughing，“You did very well.The young man is my nephew (侄子)When he needs money，he will look for me eve

21、rywhere.Next time he wont tell me by writing me a letter.”thanksB2016德州中考改编 What Would You Do? is a TV programme on American ABC.The programme 7._ by the news reporter John Quinones.He said，“It is popular with many peopleboth the young and the old.It tests what people 8._ when they see someone in tr

22、ouble.We use hidden cameras to record what will happen.Its purpose is to tell us 9._ people in need.” Here is last weeks programme.do，help，buy，cheat，start，record，playis startedwill doto help In a cake shop，one actor acted as a blind woman named Pamela and the other acted as the shop worker of the ca

23、ke shop.The shop worker looked down upon(瞧不起)the blind.So when the blind woman came into the shop and 10._a box of cakes，the shop worker cheated(欺骗)her when he gave her the change(零钱)He only gave her 6 dollars instead of 34 dollars. Would someone be brave enough to help the blind woman Yes! A woman

24、customer stopped the shop worker from 11._ the blind.Seeing this，several other customers joined in too and asked the shop worker to return the rest(剩余的) money to the blind woman.boughtcheating At this time，John Quinones appeared and explained that he 12._ a programme called What Would You Do？.Then h

25、e interviewed the first customer who said that it was necessary to give a hand to the people in need. A psychologist(心理学家)said，“Its difficult to take the first step to stand up.It needs courage.”was recordingPassage 2 A 2017莱芜中考改编 More than 95% of the people in the world have phones today.They help

26、us easily make contact(联系)with others.It means that we 1._ write letters now.But a TV show，Letters Alive，is bringing 2._ this old habit. The show is loved by people around China.It invites famous actors and actresses，one person walks up to a microphone(麦克风)and reads a 3._.The letters were written by

27、 people from different times in history.We can experience the real lives and feelings of the writers.city，small，popular，back，in，hard，letterhardlybackletter Besides it，another TV show，The Readers，is also 4._It invites different people to read aloud on the stage，and tell the touching stories behind th

28、em.They can read anything，like poems and books.Now the show gives people a special place，a reading pavilion(朗读亭)，to read all over China.Reading pavilions are now in some 5._ like Shanghai，Hangzhou and Xian.The pavilion is quite 6._Only one person can come into it each time.A microphone in it records

29、 peoples voices.Some of the readers will be picked and invited to read on TV. Cultural values and true feelings are the keys to winning praise.Both shows are leading Chinese people to enjoy reading.In fact，this is also what our country is trying to do now.popularcitiessmallB 2017襄阳中考改编 Life will be

30、peaceful if you always do kind things.I teach my daughters to 7._ a habit of helping others. We live in a rural(乡村)area.Most of what we see is beautiful nature.One of the exceptions(例外)to the beauty is the rubbish that some people throw out of their car windows.And there are no necessary public services，such as rubbish collection.think，practice，raise，provide，match，develop，dodevelop A helping behavio