牛津译林版八年级英语知识点归纳8B Units4--6

1、牛津译林版初二英语下学期 （8B）Unit 4-6重 点 词 组only if 除非advertise on the Internet在因特网上做广告give out leaflets 散发传单donate money 捐钱organize a charity show组织慈善表演return to school 回到学校choose me to be the host选我做主持人because of 因为start working on the show为表演开始工作introduce each star 介绍每个明星practise a lot 练了很多at the right time

2、在正确的时间in the beginning 一开始a little bit easier 容易一点点keep asking myself 不断问我自己make a lot of noise 制造噪音volunteer to do 志愿做set up the stage 布置舞台design the poster 设计海报pocket money 零用钱be used to doing 习惯做used to do 过去常常too weak to walk 太虚弱不能走路mostly in poor countries大部分在贫穷的国家medical treatment 医学治疗a flying

3、 eye hospital一家飞行眼科医院volunteer doctors志愿者医生watch the operations on video在录象上看手术during my visit在我访问过程中operate on 150 patients 给150个病人做手术be really grateful to you真的感谢你carry on with our work 继续我们的工作send donations to捐款给fund-raising activity 筹款活动care about other people关心别人train for a charity walk为慈善行走训练a

4、 tough hike 一次艰难的旅行an excellent chance 一次极好的机会learn team spirit 学习团队精神be recorded 被记录support teams支援队keep you comfortable 让你保持舒服at least至少go up hills 上山the process of growth 成长的过程look down on 看不起pay attention to 注意mobile phone 移动 provide somebody with something 给提供raise money for Project Green Hope

5、为希望工程筹集资金have a lot of support from local businesses 从当地企业得到很多支持80 per cent of the cases of blindness 80%的失明病例group themselves into a team of four people 把他们组成四人小组walk two days and nights without sleep 走两天两夜不睡觉walk through eight country parks 走过八个乡间公园plan what you are going to carry 计划你要带的东西support

6、development projects 支持发展计划finish walking a 100-kilometre trail within 48 hours在48小时内走完100公里语 法 精 讲1. Only if you sleep less during the day.除非你在白天睡的少点。Only if的意思是“除非”。如：Ill come only if you promise me that you wont invite her.You can be a host only if you practice a lot.2. The Class 1, Grade 8 stude

7、nts want to raise money for charity.八年级一班的同学想为慈善事业捐款。raise money for charity的意思为“为慈善组织筹集资金”，介词用for。而donate money to charity的意思为“为慈善组织捐款”，介词用to。如：organize a charity show: 组织一次慈善表演 help with a charity show: 帮助组织慈善表演3. It was exciting buy I was also very nervous because of the TV cameras. 我非常兴奋，但以为电视镜头

8、，我也非常紧张。1) because of意思是“因为”，后面跟名词，代词和动名词。如：I came back because of the rain. She walked slowly because of her bad leg. 2) Because的意思也是“因为”，但后面跟从句。如：I came back because it rained heavily. She walked slowly because she hurt her leg.4. It is my job to introduce each star. 我的工作是介绍每个明星。 It 是形式主语，动词不定式to

9、introduce each star 是真正的主语。句型结构为：It+be+形容词或名词+动词不定式。 It is my duty to take care of my brother. It is difficult to learn English well.5. Slowly, everything became a little bit easier慢慢地，每件事都变了容易了一点。 a bit 意思是“有一点”，“稍微”，可以修饰形容词，动词，介词短语；a bit of 意思也是“有一点”，但只能修饰不可数名词。如：I am a bit tired. / My foot still

10、hurts a bit. / Hes not a bit like that really.Lets have a bit of music. I give the birds in the park a bit of bread every morning.6. Everyone was very generous and we had a lot of support from local businesses每个人都很大方，我们从当地的企业得到很大的支持。 support 在这里是名词. 如9A中有一个词组：have parents support 有父母的支持 support 也可以作

11、动词使用。如：Which football team do you support? 7. hope 和 wish * hope之后的宾语从句，谓语动词常用一般现在时或一般将来时。表达的希望是能够实现的。如：I hope she likes (will like) the flower.I hope I will become a doctor when I grow up.* hope 之后也可跟一个动词不定式，这一结构可以表达更有把握的希望和计划。I hope to spend a year in America after I leave school. * wish之后可以跟一个动词不

12、定式。如：I wish to go abroad for further study. * wish之后的宾语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气，所表达的愿望是无法实现的。如： I wish I were a bird. I wish I hadnt say that. * wish somebody to do something. 如：I wish the manager to be informed at once.* wish 后面跟形容词，名词。如：I wish you well. I wish you good luck. I wish you a happy journey.8. Blin

13、dness affects about 45 million people around the world, mostly in poor countries. 失明影响了全世界约四千五百万人，大多数在贫困国家。affect在这里的意思是“影响”。如：Different colours can affect your moods. Smoking affects health.Mostly在这里是副词，在这里意思是“主要地”。如：The students are mostly from China. She uses her car mostly for her job.9. ORBIS u

14、ses a flying eye hospital to visit poor counrries.奥比斯使用一做飞行眼科医院来访问贫困的国家。a flying eye hospital 一座飞行眼科医院flying:飞行的 a flying object 飞行物flying 在本句中是形容词，还有其他的固定用法，如：flying visit: 非常短暂的访问Get off to a flying start: 旗开得胜flying 还可以做名词，意思是，飞行，如：I dont like flying. It makes me feel sick.10. Volunteer doctors p

15、erform operations on patients志愿者医生给患者做手术。1) volunteer doctors: 志愿者医生，volunteer是名词。volunteer 还可以做动词，意思是，自愿做某事, 主动做某事。 He volunteered to help me move. My friend volunteered to tell me an interesting piece of news.2) perform operations on somebody的意思“ 给某人动手术”。operate on somebody的意思是“给某人动手术”。11. We teac

16、h them new skills and knowledge.我们教他们新的技术和知识。teach them new skills and knowledge解释为“教他们技能和知识”。skill意为“技能”，是可数名词。Knowledge意为“知识”，是不可数名词。12. People must be really grateful to you. 人们可肯真的非常感谢你。Be grateful to somebody=be thankful to somebody意思是“感谢某人。如：I was most grateful to John for bringing the books.1

17、3. 直接引语和间接引语 1)话人在转述他人的话时，可以一字不改的加以引用，被引用的话在语法上被叫做“直接引语”Dad said, “ I am going to London with my friend.”说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所更改，这叫做“间接引语”Dad said that he was going to London with his friend.2) 如果要转述的话是事实，自然现象或所述内容仍是真的，则时态不需要变化。Our teacher told us, “ The earth moves around the sun.”Our teacher tol

18、d us that the earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转是客观真理，所以时态不变。)She said, “I miss my son very much when I am away.” She said she misses her son very much when she is away. (时态不变是因为所述内容还是真的)* 如果主句的时态为现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词时态也不要变化。 He says, “I forgot to bring my homework yesterday.” He says that he forgot

19、 to bring his homework yesterday.3) 直接引语转为间接引语的句式变化。* 陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句He said, “I like playing football.” He said he likes playing football.* 一般疑问句变成以if/whether 引导的宾语从句He asked, “Are you a teacher, Amy?” He asked Amy if/whether she was a teacher.* 特殊疑问句变成以who, what, when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。She said, “Where

20、 are you going, Tom?” She asked Tom where he is going.* 祈使句变为动词不定式。 My mother always says to me, “Dont play computer games all day!” My mother always tells me not to play computer games all day.14. Oxfam Trailwalker has been one of Hong Kongs biggest fund-raising events since 1981. 乐施会毅行者活动是香港自1981年

21、以来最大的筹款活动之一。One of Hong Kongs biggest fund-raising events 香港最大的筹款活动之一One of 表示“之一”，后面加形容词的最高级，名词的复数形式。如：Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in China.Suzhou is one of the most beautiful cities all over the world.15. It was known as Trailwalker before. 以前它被叫叫 “毅行者”。Be known as的意思是“被认为是”。如：Sh

22、e is known as a great singer.16. People over eighteen can group themselves into a team of four people and join this charity walk. 年满十八岁的人可以把他们自己组成四人小组，参加这个慈善行走活动。group themselves into a team of four people把他们组成四人小组group 在句中是动词，意思是“使集合”，“使成组”They grouped themselves into teams of eight people.They gro

23、uped themselves around the teacher.Group也可用做名词，意思是“小组”Our group is on duty this week.A group of them are going to Beijing in a month.17. Oxfam Trailwalker is a tough hike because you have to finish walking a 100-kilometer trail within 48 hours. 乐施会毅行者是一次艰苦的行走因为你必须在48小时内走完100公里。a tough hike 一次艰苦的行走to

24、ugh 在这里的意思相当于 difficult, 修饰something。tough 如果修饰somebody 如：a tough man, 则表示“一个不好相处的人”a 100-kilometre trail 100公里的路100-kilometre 为复合形容词，构成方式是：数词-名词（单数）-形容词如：a 13-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩 / a three-storey building一幢三层楼的房子 a two-thousand-word letter 一封两千字的信18. It means you may have to walk two days and nig

25、hts without sleep: 这意味着你必须两天两夜不睡觉sleep 在这里是名词，如：get enough sleepsleep也可作动词使用。如：Its time for you to sleep.和sleep 有关的词组还有：fall asleep入睡；feel sleepy觉得瞌睡。19. Warm and dry clothes are also necessary to keep you comfortable: 温暖干燥的衣服对于保持舒适也是必须的。keep+名词+形容词的意思为“使处于状态中”。如：My work kept me busy all day.此外，keep

26、 doing something表示“一直做某事”。如： I have kept doing my homework for 2 hours. I am sorry to keep you waiting for so much time.20.The money is used to help poor people and to support development projects. 钱是被用来帮助穷人和支持发展计划的。be used to do的意思是“被用来”。如：The recorder is used to help you learn English well.The com

27、puter is used to search for information21. Why not try your best to help people in need? 为什么不尽你的努力来帮助有困难的人呢？Why not+do sth 表示提出建议。Why not go out for a walk?People in need: 困难的人。People in trouble:有麻烦的人22.This will be an experience you will never forget. 这将是我永远难忘的经历。Experience的含义是“经历”，是可数名词。experience

28、 也可作“经验”讲，是不可数名词如：Our teacher always tells us his interesting experiences in England. （经历）He has a lot of teaching experience. （经验）23. It is + 形容词+that 从句It 是形式主语，that从句才是真正的主语。如：It is sad that some people are blind.It is wrong that we look down on disabled people.It is necessary that we learn Engli

29、sh well.It is important that you have your own support team.24. It is+形容词+动词不定式It is difficult to walk through eight country parks.It is useful to have support teams.It is necessary to learn English well.It is easy to give seats to the elderly.25. It is +形容词+for sb.+动词不定式It is important for us to su

30、pport him.It is meaningful for us to help Ben.It is important for him to learn some computer skills.It is difficult for Joan to finish the work within 10 days.26. 主语+be 动词+形容词+动词不定式The article is easy to understand.The story is interesting to read.The event is meaning to organize.The problem is diff

31、icult to solve.典 例 解 析1. I am sorry I cant _ the name of the TV play.A. think hard B. think about C. think over D. think of解析：答案选D。A选项 “think hard” 意思是 “冥思苦想”，后面一般不跟名词或名词短语，B选项 “think about” 意思是“考虑”，填入句中并不通顺，C选项 “think over”意思是 “将某事想一想，考虑再考虑”，比 “think about” 来的慎重，但也不符合句意，因此只有D 选项有 “记起来，想起来”的意思，最符合句意

32、。故选D。2. The boy usually spends his spare time _ football.A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays解析：答案选B。“spend” 的意思是 “花费”，可以花费时间，有可以花费金钱。有两个常见的用法，一个是 “spend time/money (in) doing something”，其中 “in”可以省略，动词用 “v.+ing” 形式，另一个是 “spend time/money on somthing.”, 没有动词的话，介词用 “on”, 本题中，采用第一种用法，所以应该选择B， “spend”

33、 和 “take”的同义句改写问题将在第19题中详细举例解释。故选B。3. I _ you will write me back soon.A. wish B. need C. want D. hope解析：答案选D。“hope” 和 “wish” 都表示 “愿望”，它们的区别在于， “hope”表示可以实现的愿望，而 “wish”则表示不大可能实现的愿望，而且， “wish”后面跟的从句要用虚拟语态，因此，本题选 “hope”, 因 “尽快写信给我”是完全可以实现的愿望，B选项need，意思是 “需要”，可以做情态动词，后跟动词原形，也可以做实意动词，后面加动词不定式， “need to d

34、o something”, “want”意思是 “想”，后面同样跟动词不定式， “want to do something”, “want”, “need”后面一般都不跟从句，所以B、C不能选。故选D。4. The ship _ radio signals for help before it sank.A. gave off B. gave out C. gave up D. gave away解析：答案选B。“give out”的意思在本题中是 “发出信号”， “give out”还有 “分发”的意思，如8B第四单元的 “give out leaflets” 就是 “分发传单”的意思。 “

35、give off”是 “发散，放出”的意思，如：give off a bad smell, 发出臭味。 “give up”意思是 “放弃”，如：give up smoking, 戒烟。 “give away” 意思是 “泄露秘密”或者 “赠送，捐赠”。此外，还有一个很常用的词组 “give in”，意思是 “投降”。故选B。5. The man was remembered as a hero _ he gave his life for his country.A. due to B. because of C. because D. thanks to解析：答案选C。“because of

36、”和 “because”都是因为的意思，区别在于， “because”后面跟从句而 “because of”后面跟名词，名词短语或代词，本题中，“他把生命献给了他的祖国”是一个句子，所以应当选C，另外， “due to”意思是 “应给的”，“欠的”，是一种比较正式的用法，如：A lot of money is due to you. 我们欠你很多钱。 “thanks to”的意思和 “because of”非常接近，还含有 “多亏”的意思，当然，在本题中也不能选。故选C。6. Must we finish the work today? No, you _.A. mustnt B. dont

37、have C. dont have to D. neednt to解析：答案选C。本题中 “must” 的意思是 “必须”，回答 “不，你不必。”，可以用 “No, you neednt.”, 但不能用 “No, you mustnt.”,因为 “mustnt”的意思不是 “不必”，而是 “不可以”，和题意不符合。所以A不能选。D选项中， “need”是形态动词，后面应该跟动词原形而不能加 “to”, 所以D也不对。而C选项中， “have to” 意思是 “必须”，前面加上否定， “不是必须”，就是 “不必”的意思。故选C。7. Teaching young children is _, b

38、ut the teachers always _. A. a hard work; hard work B. hard work; work hardC. a hard work; work hard D. hard work; hard work解析：答案选B。本题体现了 “hard”和 “work”的两个不同词性。前半句中， “hard”是个形容词，意思是 “艰苦的”，相当于 “difficult”, “work”是不可数名词，所以前面不能加 “a”. 后半句中， “hard”是个副词，而 “work”是动词，副词应该跟在动词后面修饰动词，所以综上所述，故选B。8. Yesterday I

39、 _ TV _ a stranger broke in.A. watched; while B. was watching; when C. watched; when D. was watching; while解析：答案选B。主句用的是过去进行时，表示 “昨天我正在看电视”， “when”的意思是 “就在那个时候”， “broke in”是 “闯入”的意思，是一个短暂性的动作，所以不能用 “while”引出从句。故选B。9. -Youd better hurry, my dear.- Just a minute. It wont _ me much time to change.A. sp

40、end B. take C. cost D. pay解析：答案选B。“spend some time doing something.”相当于 “It takes somebody some time to do something”, “spend”前的主语是人，而 “take”前的主语是物。题中 “It wont take me much time to change.” 就相当于 “I wont spend much time changing.” 意思都是，我不会花很多时间换衣服。 “cost”多用于 “花费（多少钱）”，主语也是物，如：It will cost you $200 to

41、 fly to Paris. “pay”是 “付钱”的意思，主语是人。如：I paid 2 yuan for that book。故选B。10. Will it be a _?A. successful B. succeed C. success D. succeeded解析：答案选C。本题需要一个名词，四个选项中，只有C是名词，A为形容词，B是动词。Success 作为 “成功，好结果”等时，都是不可数名词，但在本题中， “success”是一个可是名词，因为它的意思是 “成功的人”或 “成功的事情”。故选C。综 合 练 习 （A）听 力 部 分I. 回答问题 (5%)( ) 1. A. B

42、ecause Im thirsty. B. Because Im tired. C. Because Im hungry.( ) 2. A. Its a famous theme park. B. Its a famous restaurant. C. Its a famous shop.( ) 3. A. No, I mind. B. No, not an all. C. Yes, I dont mind.( ) 4. A. He donated money. B. He introduced the pop stars. C. He performed for the others.( )

43、 5.A. It is a charity event to raise money. B. Its a kind of exercise. C. Its a kind of medical treatment.II. 对话理解 （5%）（ ）1.A.Help them cross the road. B. Help them find a house. C. Help them do something difficult( ) 2. A. Yes, she will. B. Yes, he will. C. No, she wont.( ) 3. A. No,it isnt. B. Yes

44、, they can. C. No, they cant.( ) 4 .A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isnt C.I dont know.( ) 5. A. It is one of HongKongs biggest fund-raising events.B. It is one of the fund-raising events in China.C. It is one of the biggest celebrations.III. 短文理解 (5%)（ ）1.Do Americans get advice from members of their fami

45、lies?A. No, they dont. B. Yes, they do. C. I dont know.( ) 2. What will most Americans do when they need advice?A. Turn to their parents.B. Write to newspapers and magazines.C. Ask people they dont know.( )3. Can Americans get advice on how to buy a car?A. Yes, they can. B. No , they cant. C. I dont

46、 know.( )4. How do most newspapers help people solve their problems?A. They publish their letters and ask readers to answer them .B. They pass their letters to Abby and Ann Landers.C. They publish letters from readers and answers from doctors ,lawyers or educators.( ) 5. What can we learn about Abby

47、 and Ann Landers?A. They have had special training.B. They have much experience.C. They are well known all over the world.笔 试 部 分IV. 单项选择 (15%)( ) 1._ the beginning, we didnt like English, but now we like it very much. A. In B. With C. By D. To( ) 2. My mother will come home _ a month. A. after B. o

48、n C. in D. by( ) 3. That mp3 is _ expensive. I cant afford it. A. bit B. little C. a bit D. a bit of( ) 4. Its difficult _ you to learn English _. A. of; good B. of; well C. for; good D. for; well( ) 5. I recommend you to buy this book because it is _. A. a such good book B. a good such book C. such

49、 good a book D. such a good book( ) 6. I am sorry that I have kept you _ for so long. A. waiting B. wait C. to wait D. waited( ) 7. How terrible! Now I am getting _. A. fat and fat B. fatter and fatter C. much fat D. more and more fat( ) 8. I _ get up at 6 oclock. But today I got up at 7. A. used to

50、 B. be used to C. use to D. am used to( ) 9. Now Doctor Li is used to _ on many patients every day. A. operate B. operating C. operation D. operates( ) 10. They are _ poor _ they cant go to school. A. too; to B. so; to C. so; that D. too; that( ) 11. ORBIS is a charity that helps _ people. A. blind

51、B. deaf C. poor D. rich( ) 12. We didnt go out yesterday _ it rained heavily. A. because B. because of C. that D. so( ) 13. We need enough money to _with our work. A. put on B. turn on C. try on D. carry on( ) 14. Tom is a hard-working boy and he has spent all his money _ books. A. with B. for C. on D. about