形容词和副词讲义

1、形容词和副词（一）形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1 .形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。beautiful girl is my sister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。2 .作表语，放在系动词之后。school is big and clean. 我们的学校又大又干净。I felt terrible this morning.我今天早上感到不舒服。3 .作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。must keep your

2、eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。I find it hard to travel around the big city.我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。4 .某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见词有good/bad , rich/poor ,young/old , deaf/blind , black/white , living/dead 等。rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。（二）形容词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级规则变化

3、类别构成方法原级比较级最高级longlongerlongest一般直接加-er , -esttalltallertallest单音节词和latelaterlatest少数双音节不发音的e结尾时加-r , -st词largelargerlargest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i ,easyeasiereasiest再加-er , -esthappyhappierhappiest多音节词和部分双音节词重读闭音节结尾并且只个 辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音 字母，再加-er , -estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest在原级前加 more, mostcarefulbeaut

4、ifulmore carefulmorebeautifulmost carefulmostbeautiful在原级前加less , leastimportantusefullessimportantless usefulleastimportantleast useful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well （身体好的）betterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther（较远）further（进,步）farthest（最远）furthest（ 取大程度）oldolderelder（较年长的）olde

5、steldest（取年长的）注意：不规则变化的比较级和最高级要背熟。（三）形容词原级用法1 .说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。flowers in the garden are beautiful .这花园里的花很美。2 .有表示绝对概念的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。boy is tooyoung.这男孩太小了。Math is very difficult.数学很难3 .表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。(1)肯定句中的结构："A-+as+形容词原级+as+B'is as interest

6、ing as Chinese. 英语和语文一样有趣。Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim.小明和吉姆一样高。(2)否定句中的结构："A+as/so+形容词原级+as+B'book isn ' t asnew as that one.这本书不如那本书新。I am not so careful as Lucy. 我没有露西仔细。(3)表示“A是B的倍"时，用"A-+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B'结卞勾。(一次：once,两次：twice ,三次以上：数字 +times)school is three times as bi

7、g as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍。This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。(四)形容词比较级用法1 .表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A-+比较级+than+B”。Lei' s room is bigger than mine. 李雷的房间比我的大。This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用 the one, that , those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其 中the one替

8、代可数名词单数形式，the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式，that替代不可 数名词。weather in Beijing is colder thanthat in Guangzhou in winter.北京的天气比广州的天气冷。2 .有表示程度的副词 a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much, even, still , far , rather , any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。3 .表示

9、两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“ Which/Who is+形容词比较级，Aor B'表不。is taller , Li Ming or Wang Tao李明和王涛哪一个高一些Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one哪一件毛衣更漂亮，黄色还是粉红色的4 .表示“几倍于”时，用“倍数 +比较级+than”表示。am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。5 .表示"两者之间最一个(ofthe two) "时，常用"the+比较级”结构

10、。is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。6 .表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用 "more and more+形容词原级“。 getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .我们的家乡越来越漂亮了。7 .表示“越就越”时，用“ the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。more we get together, the happierwe&

11、#39; ll be. 我们越是在一起，就越开心。(五)形容词最高级用法1 .表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the ,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中，他是最强壮的。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。2 .表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“ Which/Who is+the+最高级，A, B or C结构。city is the most beautiful , Beijing, Sh

12、anghai or Fuzhou哪个城市最漂亮，北京，上海还是福州3 .表示“最的之一”时，用“ one of the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名 词要用复数形式。Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。4 .形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河。5 .形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词 the。is our last lesson

13、 today.这是我们今天的最后一节课。Yesterday was his busiest day. 昨天是他最忙的一天。6 .形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都i_K rijo=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。=Li Lei is taller tha

14、n anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人者B 高。（六）使用形容词时易混知识1 . -ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising令人惊讶的surprised 感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the eresting 有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting 令人兴奋的excited 感到兴畲的Have you heard of

15、 the exciting newsWe are excited about the traveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快、满后的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with our performance.frightening 令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved b

16、y Hong Zhanhui deeply.tiring 使人疲倦的tired 感到疲倦的The speech is very tiring.Are you tired of itfascinating 迷人的fascinated 着迷的What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.“示主动意义，多指事物 对人的影响，一般修饰事物。表示被动意义，多指人对 事物的感受，主语一般是 人，常用丁 sb.+ -ed形 容词+介词”结构。We are all interested in the interestin

17、g story.2 .比较的对象不能相互包容牢记下列结构：比较级+than+any other+ 单数名词all (the) other+复数名词any one/anybody else any of the other+复数名词 the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词注意：在同一范围内进行比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大0（同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较 ）中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大0China is larger than any country in Af

18、rica.（不同范围内，可以和其他任意一个对象进行比较3 .在两者进行比较“表示 A不如B”时，多音节和部分双音节形容词除使用“notas/so+形容词原级+as”结构外，还可使用"less+形容词原级+than”结构am not as careful as Lily.我没有 Lily 仔细。=I am less careful than Lily.4 .许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些-ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。friendly（ 友好的）lonely（孤独的，孤单的）lovely（可爱的，有趣的）likely（有希望的）daily（日常的）lively（ 有生气的，

19、活泼的）上面我们复习了形容词，下面我们复习副词，副词分为"时间副词，如 yesterday（昨天）；地点副词，如inside（在里面）；方式副词，如quickly（快地）；程度副词，如very（很）；疑问副词，如 when（什么时候）；关系副词，如 why（为什么）。关系副词用来引导定语从句。有些知识如时间、地点，是非常明显的东西，只需要提一下。今天我们主要复习以下几个方面：副词用法（一）副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副 词或整个句子1 .作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子。listen to me carefully .请你认真

20、地听我讲。The boy is too young.这男孩太小了。Luckily , he was not badly hurt.幸运地，他伤得不是太重。2 .作表语，表示方位上的变化。father will be back in a week.我父亲一周后回来。3 .作宾语补足语。him in_, please.请让他进来。（二）副词的位置1 . 一般作状语时放在谓语动词之后。如果谓语动词带有宾语，副词则放在宾语后面。all study hard.我们努力学习。He is drawing a horse carefully .他在认真地画一匹马。2 .频度副词作状语时放在be动词或助动词、情

21、态动词之后，行为动词之前。is always late for school.他总是上学迟到。I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday.我经常星期天去看望祖父母。3 .某些副词是为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。he had a good idea.突然他想出了一个办法。4 . enough修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。boy is 01d enough to go to school.这孩子够大了能去上学。He got up early enough to catch up the train.他起得足够早能赶上火车。（三）副词比较等

22、级用法1 .副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。刚才我们已经讲过2 .在两者进行比较“表示 A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“ not-as/so+副词 原级+as”结构外，还可使用"less+副词原级+than”结构。didn ' t do his homework as carefully as Jim. Bill做作业没有 Jim 认真。=Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.3 .副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。Tao did best in English of all.林

23、涛是所有人中英语最好的。4,副词比较级不规则变化表原级比较级最高级well （好地）betterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备注原级同等程度目士 7E形式As+原级+as（像一样）Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否士 7E形式not + so (as) +原级 +as(不如那样)English is not so difficult

24、as science.She does not study so well as I do.比较级/、同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than（比 ）Jim is older than Lucy.I like pork better than beef.比较级前回可 以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little,a bit 等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越，越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books

25、 she reads, the better she understand.最高级最高程度（用于二者或二者以上）The + 最高级 +of (in)(最 )Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。（四）副词易混知识清单1. how long , how soon , how oftenhow long "多久，多长时间”，是对一个

26、持续的时间段提问，常用“for+段时间”和“ since+点时间”回答。how soon “多快，多久以后”，是对一个短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用“ in+段时间”回答。how often "多长时间一次“，对频度提问，常用"once,twice , three times a week ”等回答。how far "多远"，对距离提问。你住在北京多久了. How long have you lived in BeijingFor ten year.年了你父亲多久以后回来How soon will your father come back

27、He will come back in a week. 一他一周后回来。 How often do you play football 你多长时间踢一回足球 Once a week.周一次。 How far is it from here to your home这离你家有多远 Only 200 meters away. 一只有 200 米远。2. hard/hardlyhard “努力地，辛苦地”；“剧烈地，猛烈地”是程度副词。hardly "几乎不"，是否定副词。should study hard as students.作为学生，我们应该努力学习。I can har

28、dly catch up with you, can you walk slowly我几乎赶不上你了，你能走慢一点吗3. much too/too muchmuch too "非常，极其，太"much和too都是副词，much修饰too,用以加强语气，中心词是 too , much too修饰形容词或副词原级。too much "太多"，中心词是much, too修饰much,以加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词。与too many 相对，但too many 修饰可数名词。skirt is much too dear.这裙子太贵了。Please d

29、on' t eat too much ice- cream, it ' s bad for your health.不要吃太多的冷激凌，它对身体不好。There are too many people in the supermarket.超市里人太多了。4. too/also/eithertoo 一般不用于否定句，常放在句尾。also用于肯定句和疑问句，常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。either用于否定句，常放在句尾。are a student, I am a student,too . 你是学生，我也是学生。They are also students. 他们也

30、是学生。I don ' t like the film, either .我也不喜欢这部电影。5. too, enough, sotoo “太，很”,用于“ too-to”结构，表示否定意义“太而不能enough “足够"，用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to”结构,表示“足够能so “如此”，用于“ so-that”结构，表示“如此以致”。man is too old to_ look after himself.这人年纪太大了不能照顾自己。The boy runs fast enough to win the game.这男孩跑得足够快能赢。The camera i

31、s so expensive that I can ' t afford it.照相机太贵了，我买不起。6. already/yetalready常用于肯定句。yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。have already finished my homework.我已经完成了 家庭作业。Have you finished your homework yet你完成了你的家庭作业吗I haven ' t had lunch yet . 我还没有吃午餐呢。（五）形容词怎样变成副词一般说来形容词就是形容词，副词就是副词，但也有很多形容词可以加ly来构成副词heavyheavily loud

32、loudly careful carefully clearclearlybeautifulbeautifully happyhappily true truly luckluckilyquickquicklybadbadly同学们特别要注意副词修饰行为动词这一点。如:He is very (careful). He does everything (carefully)第一句中是作表语，用 adj. careful ；第二句中修饰行为动词does用adv. carefullyhard努力hardly 几乎不deep-deeply 深深地wide-widely 广泛地close 靠近的clos

33、ely 密切地late 迟的，晚的lately 近来near 靠近nearly 差不多high高的highly 高度地free免费的freely 自由地【基础练习】()1 Your room isthan mine.A. three time big B.three times big C. three times bigger D. biggerthree times( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter

34、( )3 he read the book, he got in it.A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interestingC. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested( )4 I likeone of the two books.A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older( ) 5 Which do you like , tea or coffee？A. well B. betterC. bes

35、t D. most( ) 6 This work is for me than for you.A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult( ) 7 Who jumpedof all ？A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far( ) 8 Li Lei isstudent in our class.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest( ) 9 Tom is one of boys in our class.

36、A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall( ) 10 English is one ofspoken in the world.A. the important languages B. the most important languagesC. most important language D. the most important language( )11. Most of the woods been taken good care of.A. are B. is C. has D. have( )12 I'm not

37、to lift the heavy box.A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough( )13 Which is, Li Lei or Wu Tong？A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest( )14 Do you have to tell us？A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything( ) 15. Most of the people in Guang

38、dong are getting .richA. more and richB. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D.and rich写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。fast wide easy smalllargedirtylong rude busyhotthinfat few goodlittlebadlyfardifficultmuchmany nice 用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。1. Which lesson is (difficult) in Book 22. Alice writes (carefully )

39、 than I.3. This story is ( interesting) than that one.4. That was one of ( exciting) moments in 2008.5. This kind of food must be ( delicious )than that one.6. Beihai park is one of (beautiful ) parks in Beijing.7. Who s (careful), Tom,Jim or Kate8. That is (easy) of all.9. He is (clever )boy in the

40、 class.10. John is ( short) than Tom.11. She is (pretty)girl in the group.12. Which film is (interesting),this one or that one13. Can you show me(near) shop here14. This bridge is as ( long) as that one, but it is much (wide) than thatone.15. I think English is one of (important )subjects in middle

41、school.16. I am only one year (young) than you.17. The boy is not so (interesting) as his brother.18. Dick sings (well), she sings (well) than John, but Mary sings(well)in her class.19. She will be much (happy) in her new house20. John s parents have four daughters, and she is the _(young) child单项选择

42、 m shortsighted and I can t see the words on the notice board .A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, goodworks hard but she doesn t work Mary.A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard asis book in our library.A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, mor

43、e interesting you think maths is important than EnglishA, very B, as C, more D, quitegot a Christmas tree and it was ours.A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller asold soldier lived all by himself. Even though he was , he was not at all.A, alone, lonely B, alone, alone C, lonely, al

44、one D, lonely, lonelytaxi doesn t run as as an underground train.A, fast B, faster C, fastest D, more fast8.Yangpu Bridge is one of in the world.A, bigger bridge B, the biggest bridge C, the biggest bridges D, bigger bridgesthink the song in the film“ Titanic ” is one of all the movie songs.A, the m

45、ost beautiful B, most beautiful C, a beautiful D, much more beautifulcousin can draw an artist.A, as well as B, not so well as C, as better as D, as good as12.Jinmao Tower is building in Shanghai.A, high B, tall C, highest D, the tallest,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it s than we need.

46、A, far more B, very much C, far less D, very littleSmith thought the Century Park was the second in Shanghai.A, large B, larger C, largest D, very largethink Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be new star in NBA.A, hot B, hotter C, hottest D, the hottest: What delicious cakes! B: They woul

47、d taste with butter.A, good B, better C, bad D, worseall the teachers in this school, Miss Tao is one of .A, young B, younger C, the youngest D, the most youngto Mrs Lin! With her help, we finished our work an hour .A, late B, later C, early D, earlier: In our English study reading is more important

48、 than speaking, I think.B, I don t agree. Speaking is reading.A, as important B, so important as C, the most important D, the same as looks today and smiles all the time.A, happy, happy B, happily, happily C, happy, happily D, happily, happy s to send an e -mail than a regular mail.A, much more quic

49、kly B, quick C, more quickly D, much quicker price of these dictionaries is than before.A, much cheaper B, more expensive C, much higher D, more higher has to tell you.A, something important B, anything important C, important something D, important nothingis looking at her lovely son.A, happy B, hap

50、pily C, happiness D, happier形容词和副词冲刺练习1 He is slow in studying. I wonder how he could get good results in the exam. No wonder he is always A livelyB hard-working2 It has a strange smell in your room. YouA openB opens C3 What does your cousin look like now Oh, he is much than before.A strongB stronge

51、r C4 Will you please speak IA loudly B pleasantly CC kind-heartedD helpful d better keep the window .closes D closed strongestm afraid I can slowlyD too strongt follow you.D easily5 Who s basketball player in China now It is Yao Ming No. It s Sun Mingming.AtallB taller Cthe tallestD the taller6The b

52、usier he is, thehe feels.AhappilyB happy C happierD more happy7Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homeworkAmore carefullyB more carelessly C more carefulD more careless8Mr. Smith always hasto tell us.Asome good pieces of newsB some pieces of good newsCsome good piece of news Dsome pie

53、ce of good news9Do you believe some special dogs can do thingsmanAas good asB as well as Cas soon asD as careful as10 I don t like this kind of TV shows because theyreA boringB wonderful C interestingD beautiful11 In winter the day isthan it is in summer.A shortB shorter C shortestD the shortest12 T

54、he old manis looking at his granddaughter. He has not seen her for a long time.A happyB happily C happierD the happiest13 Mary felt ill on Monday, and the following day, so she went to see a doctor.A badly B worse C worstD more ill14 The fish smells . You mustn t eat it.A niceB heavy C quick D terrible15 It is to work out this problem. You needn t ask the teacher.A enough easyB easily enough C easy enough D very easily16 Beijing, the capital of China, is one of cities in the world.A the biggestB bigger C m