中考英语阅读和写作六大重要题型全突破---题型二阅读理解

1、题型二 阅读理解阅读理解是历年中考英语的必考题型之一,也是中考试卷中分值最大的一个题型,涉及的考点主要有:细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、词义猎测、代词指代。阅读技能是理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。根据国家教育部制定的义务教育英语课程标准,九年级结束时应达到五级标准。其中五级标准对阅读技能的描述为：1 .能根据上下文和构词法推断和理解生词的含义；2 .能理解段落中句子之间的逻辑关系；3 .能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测事情节的发展和可能的结局;4 .能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物；5 .能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息 ;6 .能利用词

2、典等工具书进行阅读；7 .课外阅读量应累计达到 15万词以上。【解题方法】考生在做 “阅读理解” 题时一定要有的放矢,最好把文章后的五个问题测览一遍,并把问题中的一些关键词圈出来,然后带着问题去阅读。 第一遍可以采取略读和快速阅读的形式,把可能是答案的地方画出来,然后具体对照选择的范围,提高准确率。一、细节理解题这一类型的问题比较简单,通常可在原文中找到答案,如事情发生的时间、 地点或者前后文有明显的提示词等。例如 : bit we had completely forgotten (and didn t know, to be honest) what a tipeyen was， let

3、alone how much to give. So we emptied our pockets, and all our money added up to $3.28.）52. WAy did the group of teens leave tbat: smnall tip?（） why did the group of teens leave that small tip?A. Because they looked down on the waiter.B.Because they didn't know what at tip meant.C.Because they w

4、eren t pleased with the service.D. Because they thought the tip should be that much.【解析】B。根据孩子们信中所说的 “ but wehad completely forgotten（and didn't know,to be honest ） what a tip even was, let alone how much to give ”可知孩子们不知道什么是小费 , 更不知道应该给多少。故孩子们只留下了“ a small tip ” 。二、推理判断题常见提问方式包括猜测作者的意图 , 推测可能会产

5、生的结果, 判断信息的正误。这一类型的问题通常不能从文章中直接获取答案, 而是需要结合语境、作者的态度和目的 , 整理分散的信息 , 然后进行分析判断或者合理的推测。对于含有only,ll, every, never,none, no one等词的选项要特别留意。例如：The waiter went home. And he felt hatred for the students who did not know thevalue of hard work. They looked down on people like him. Or so he thought.（ ）54. What d

6、o restaurant waiters mind most in Aerica？A What kind of guests they receiveB what disshes. people usually order.C. Whether they are given reasonable tipsD. How muich customers pay for their meals.【解析】C。文中提到服务生“ felt hatred（ 感到厌恶）”，可以推断出（在美国）服务生都很在意“合理的小费”C。三、词义猜测题此类试题要求考生能够道过前后文的提示，猜测到该词在语境中的意义。例如：F

7、or some, this research may be calining. It is good to know that our brain is“looking Out for us " in a new place.()54. The underlined word “calming" has the closest meaning to “"A.pleasing B. different C. serious D.Strange【解析】A句意：对有些人来说，这项研究可能会是 。根据后文提示“It is good to know”和looking out

8、 for us ,可推断出calming为褒义词，意为“使人开心的”。四、主旨大意题做此类试题需要通读全文，通过整体把握理解作者的写彳意图和文章的主题思想，总结出憋篇文章或段落的大意。考生在做此类式题时要多注重文章的首尾段或段落的首尾句。此类 试题设题方法如下：()50. What is the best title for this text?A.A pleasant tripB A cruel trainerC. Elephant trainingD. The elephant rope()55. What is the text mainly about?A. What we will

9、have to do to sleep well.B. How researchers measure brain waves.C. Who doesn't sleep well in a new place?D Why it's harder to sleep in a new place.【备考建议】常言道熟能生巧。要有效备考阅读理解, 考生可以培养自已每天阅读的习惯, 增加阅读量和词汇量 , 开阔视野 , 了解各种领域的背景知识。 考生在日常阅读的过程中 , 应不断调整方法和 策略 , 最终找到最适合自己的个性化的高效阅读方法。阅读理解能力不是一朝一夕就可以提高的 , 关

10、键在于坚持。 考生只要目标明确 , 坚持不懈 , 并运用有效的阅读策略, 英文阅读理解能力就会不断提高。精选训练（一）The earth is our home ； we must take Care of it This means keeping the land ， air and water clean Pollution is a dirty word To pollute meansto makethings unfit（ 不合适的 ）or unclean to use Pollution comesin manyways Wesee it ， smell it ,taste it

11、 and drink it Pollution is beginning to threaten（ 威胁 ）our health ,or happiness and our lifeMan has been polluting the earth from the time he first madefire ， washedhis clothes in the river and threw his waste on the ground When land was used up or water became dirty Men moved to another place At fir

12、st the problem was not so serious because there was plenty of clean air ， land and water There weren t so many people then and their wants（ 需求 ）were fewer All the dirty things could be absorbed（ 吸收 ）by nature and soon covered over（ 恢复 ） But this is no longer true The increase of population（ 人 口增长 ）a

13、nd the development of industry have changed that Manis slowly polluting his environment Through the use of poison（ 农药 ） ， mall has polluted land !killing the animal Byputting dirty water and chemicals into rivers and lakes we have polluted our drinking water ,killing the fish Our increasing populati

14、on is part of theproblem More people more wasteWhere is this all to end ?Are we turning the world into a big rubbish dump， or isthere any hope that we can get rid of( 摆脱 )the pollution ?Luckily ， millions of people have been warned of the danger of pollution Large numbers of people are now working h

15、ard to bring pollution under()1 Which sentence is WRONG?A We live on the earth ， so we should look after it B To pollute means to make air ,water and land unfit for useC All the waste produced by modem industry can be absorbedD Man is now fighting against different kinds of pollution()2 In this pass

16、age the word“chemicals ” meansA.化学B.化学物质C.化学的 D.医学的()3 Through the uncontrolled use of poison mall hasA made the drinking water dirtyB polluted the landC killed the animals and fishD all of the above()4 From the sentences “ More people more waste ”， we know thatA because of the increase of populatio

17、n and the development of industry ， more and more waste is producedB we need more people ， not more wasteC there isn t any hope that we can get rid of the pollutionD more people have been warned of the danger of more waste（）5 From the passage we can know that now manA doesn t know how to control pol

18、lutionB still doesn t realize how serious pollution isC is doing something to control pollutionD begins to understand the pollution（二）There are always times when your children get bored with studying. There are also moments when you are looking for something educational （ 教育的 ） yet funny and easy to

19、 do. With a few things and a little preparation, you can easily entertain （娱乐 ）and educate your children.Do you read any magazines with pictures? Keep them. They can make a funny family game.Sit with your children and look at the pictures. You can cut out interestingpictures and ask your children to

20、 lay （ 放置 ） them out. Use as manypictures as possible. For example, if it is a picture of a book, cut it out; even if it is an action, suchas washing clothes, cut it out. Try to get as many different pictures as possible.In this game, you are going to use the pictures to let your children makeup the

21、ir own stories. Then take any kind of table,even the kitchen table, and let your childlay out the pictures any way they wish.They don t need to use all of them, justas many as they want.After they have laid out the pictures, have them tell a story. If some pictures don t fit in with their stories, d

22、on t use them. If they find a different pictureto add another part to their story, let them do it. The more pictures you have, themore creativity （ 创造力 ） will come from your children.1. What s the passage mainly about?A. How to enjoy pictures with children at home.B. How to entertain your children b

23、y drawing pictures.C. How to educate children in an interesting and easy way at home.D. How to tell stories to your children at home.2. If parents want to play this game with their children, they have to .A. collect enjoy with picturesB. prepare a lot of things for the gameC. tell as many stories as

24、 possibleD. lay out the pictures for their children3. After the pictures are cut out, children should .A. ask their parents questionsB. find a table to play the gameC. lay out the picturesD. change the pictures4 .What does the underlined phrase "fit in with" in the last paragraph probably

25、mean?A. match B. coverC. mean D. entertain5 . When playing this game, children .A. cut out pictures from magazines or booksB. read magazines or wash clothesC. make up stories about the picturesD. make up stories with their parents（三）Could your best friend make you fat?Researchers who have studied “n

26、etworks“ of obesity（ 月巴月半）think so: they foundthat if someone's friend becomes obese, that person's chances of becoming obese increase by more than half.Brothers or sisters and a husband or a wife also have an influence, although reduced people whose brothers or sisters became obese were 40

27、percent more likely to grow obese, while people whose husband or wife became obese were 37 percent more likely to.“This is the first study to show how obesity spreads through the social network from person to person,“ James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, who worked on the study,

28、told in a telephone interviewing.The researchers said their findings show that obesity is contagiousnot likea virus which is contagious, but in a social sense.It mayhelp explain why obesity is worsening across the United States, with two- thirds of Americans overweight and almost a third technically

29、 obese.“It has become very popular to speak of the obesity epidemic.We began to wonder if it is truly an epidemic," Dr.Nicholas Christakis, a professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School in Boston, told the briefing.“Wethink that these findings reinforce（ 力口强）the idea that obesity i

30、s not just an individual problem but a collective problemJ Christakis said.“People look around them and see people gaining weight and it might change their attitude about what constitutes an acceptable body sizehe added. "You might sayit's OK to be heavier.1 The underlined phrase “ reduced

31、people ” refers toA the influence of people is smaller and smallerB fat persons are having less and less friendsC the number of fat persons is decreasing largelyD persons are becoming thinner and thinner2 What's the new finding of researchers in the passage?A Obesity is popular with Americans.B

32、Obesity spreads from person to person.C Obesity can be spread like a virus.D Obesity is becoming an epidemic.3 In what aspect do your fat friends have an impact on you?A They may influence you how to choose a lover.B They may assist you in forming a life value.C They may change your attitudes toward

33、s obesity.D They may help you understand what obesity is.4 From the passage ， we can infer that.A it's better not to make friends with fat personsB obesity is a kind of disease that can spreadC most Americans think obesity is a kind of beautyD it needs a collective effort to deal with obesity（四）

34、Disasters happen all the time somewhere in the world. Are you ready if one hits your neighborhood next week? Find out what you need to do now before it is too late.Let s take an earthquake for example.During an earthquake, get under a strong object like the kitchen table. Don t leave the building du

35、ring the shaking, or you might be hurt by falling objects from the outside of the building.When you are in bed during the night and an earthquake happens ， simply roll off the bed. There will be a safe void around the bed.If you are watching TV and you cannot easily run away by getting out through t

36、he door or window, then lie down and curl up（ 蜷伏 ） next to a sofa, or a large chair.Never go to the stairs. The stairs are likely part of the building to be broken.Even if the stairs are not destroyed by the earthquake， they may fall down later whenpeople run down.Try to get into an open area away f

37、rom trees ， buildings ， walls ， advertisement boards and power lines if you are outdoors.If you are driving whenan earthquake suddenly happens， just stay in your car until the shaking ends. However, if the footbridge falls and breaks your car， get out of itand sit or lie next to it. All the broken c

38、ars have voids 3 feet high next to it.1. What should you do if you are in a building when an earthquake happens?A. Rush out quicklyB. Sit in the kitchenC. Stay below strong objectsD. Go down the stairs2. The underlined word “void ” in Paragraph 3 means “” .A. spaceB. seatC. distanceD. sign3. When yo

39、u are outdoors during an earthquake ， you should go to .4. If you are inside a car when there is a sudden earthquake， you should .A. get out of itB. keep inside itC. move away fastD. stay under the footbridge（五 ）Zinc（ 锌） is one of about 20 elements（ 元素 ） necessary for good health. It ispresent in th

40、e body in a very small amount, but it makes it possible for importantchemical actions to be carried out in cells. Scientists are just beginning to discover how zinc and other elements work.Researchers first studied zinc as a way to speed recovery. Dr. Waltor Powysformerly with the United States Air

41、Force, noted that the laboratory animals recovered faster when some matters were added to their food. One of these matters was zinc.Dr. Powys later tested the zinc treatment on an American airman recovering frommedical operations. The airman who received zinc sulphate（ 硫酸锌 ） recovered in halfof the usual time. Other doctors studied persons whohad a number of strange disorders.The doctors learned that all of these problems were caused by lack of zinc in thebody. They