高中英语句子成分分析

1、句子成分 主语主语 subject 谓语谓语 predicate 宾语宾语 object 表语表语 predicative 宾补宾补 complement 定语定语 attribute 状语状语 adverbial 同位语同位语 appositive1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see

2、 is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.主语主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词主格代词,动词动词不定式不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。动名词等等。主语一般在句首。名词名词主格代词主格代词数词数词动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词the + 形形容词容词句子句子谓语 谓语谓语: 简单谓语由动词简单谓语由动词或动词词组或动词词组构成构成, 一一般在主语之后。般在主语之后。 I saw the flag

3、on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词; He can speak English well. She has finished the homework. I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.He asked where he was.（三）宾语（三）宾语宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面面 宾语分

4、为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人. He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.(四)宾语补足语宾语补足语 宾语补足语宾语补足语: 位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明对宾语作出说明的成分。的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you hear Tom singing? He made himself understood. She asked me to l

5、end her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词(五)定语定语 He is a clever boy. They are building a stone bridge. There are 54 students in our class. Do you known Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills.

6、 There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke ju

7、st now?There is nothing interesting in this book.（六）状语（六）状语 用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或介词短语或句子句子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方方式式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等频率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the

8、train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.（七）表语（七）表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有常见的系动词有: Be动词动词 (

9、am, is, are) 感官系动词感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 变化系动词变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come 状态系动词状态系动词 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.1. The war was over.2. They seem to know the truth.3. Time is precious.4. Im not quite myself today.5. Who was the first?6. He is out of condition.7.

10、 The book is what I need.8. The apple tastes good.八、同位语八、同位语同位语同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时同等位置时, 一个句子成分一个句子成分用来说明和解释用来说明和解释另一个句子成分另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。同位语。We students should study hard. (students是是we的同位语的同位语, 都是指同一批都是指同一批“学生学生”)We all are students. (all是是we的同位语的同位语, 都指同样的都指

11、同样的“我们我们”)句子分类句子分类简单句简单句复合句复合句并列复合句并列复合句主从复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。单句用连词连接而成。如：如：and, but, or, so等等定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.五大基本句型五大

12、基本句型 一一: (主谓主谓) 二二: (主系表主系表) 三三: (主谓宾主谓宾) 四四: (主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾) 五五: (主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)基本句型基本句型 一一: :( (主谓主谓) )谓语谓语:不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如: We come.( (不及物动词不及物动词) )1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly基本句型

13、二：基本句型二：( (是系动词是系动词) ) ( (表语表语) ) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 基本句型基本句型 三三: : ( (主谓宾主谓宾) )此句型的此句型的特点特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词是：谓语动词都是及物动

14、词,必须必须跟有一个宾语跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。( (及物动词及物动词)( (宾语宾语) )1. Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken. 基本句型基本句型 四四: : ( (主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾) )有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一

15、个这两个宾语通常一个指人指人(间接宾语间接宾语); 一个指物一个指物(直接宾语直接宾语)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth= give sth to sb( (及物及物)( (多指人多指人)( (多指物多指物) )1.She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. H

16、e showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型基本句型 五五: (主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)此句型的此句型的特点特点是是: 动词虽然是及物动词动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语: 位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作可以用作宾语补足语的有名词宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词形容词, 不定式不定式,动名词动名词, 分词分词, 介词短语等。介词短语等。 常

17、用宾补动词常用宾补动词 且宾补为不带且宾补为不带to不定式不定式 1感感,feel 2听听,hear ,listen to 3 让让,let ,make ,have4看看,see, look at ,watch, notice ,observe （其实是五看）（其实是五看）半帮助半帮助 help 宾补既可以带宾补既可以带to也可以不带也可以不带The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the wi

18、ndows.I saw a cat running across the road.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词 (及物及物) (宾语宾语) (宾补宾补) 1. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. a. b. c. d. e. 1. Pleas tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job

19、 is to train swimmers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabecExercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构 You are a student. He felt happy today. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music.划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell yo