高中英语构词法

1、Classify: pathway freedom darkest place unfair lock everyday riverside nurse disagree 合成词合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everyday pathway riversideunfair darkest disagree freedomlock place nurse 构词法构词法：合成(Compounding) 派生法（

2、Derivation） 【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion） 【词性转换】合成词合成词 Compoundpain-killercolor- blindsleep-walksleep-walker1. 合成名词合成名词 (1) n+n air conditioner blood pressure income tax credit card (2) adj + n central bank fast food空调空调 血压血压所得税所得税 信用卡信用卡中央银行中央银行 快餐快餐 solar system remote control (3) v-ing +另一词另一词 washing m

3、achine driving license (4) 其他方式其他方式 by-product editor-in-chief太阳系太阳系 遥控遥控洗衣机洗衣机驾驶执照驾驶执照副产品副产品主编主编2. 合成形容词合成形容词 (1) 过去分词或带过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。词尾的词构成。 absent-minded grey-haired (2) 动词的动词的ing 或另一词构成或另一词构成 long-suffering far-reaching心不在焉的心不在焉的头发灰白的头发灰白的长期受苦的长期受苦的深远的深远的(影响影响)3. 合成动词及合成副词合成动词及合成副词 overeat baby

4、-sit empty-handed 吃得太多吃得太多看孩子看孩子 一无所获的一无所获的 加前缀：加前缀： happy -happy - _happyhappy 加后缀：加后缀： develop -develop - developdevelop_ 既加前缀又加后缀：既加前缀又加后缀： employ -employ -_employemploy_unmentunment1.表示表示否定意义否定意义的前缀的前缀dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, illegal, impossible, immoral

5、, irregularmis- misunderstand misleadnon- nonsense nonstopun- unable, unemploymentanti-, ant- antiknock( 防震防震), antiforeigner,(排外的排外的)由一个词根加上由一个词根加上前缀前缀或或后缀后缀构成另外一个词。构成另外一个词。2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀缀 1) a- 表示表示“在在之上之上”，“向向”aboard, aside,2)by- 表示表示“附近，邻近，边侧附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路弯路)3)inter-

6、, intel-, 表示表示“在在间，相互间，相互” international, interaction, internet4) mid-, 表示表示“中，中间中，中间”midnight, mid-autumn5) out-, 表示表示“在上面，在外部，在外在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward6)over-,表示表示“在上面，在外部，向上在上面，在外部，向上”overlook, overhead(在头顶在头顶,在高处在高处), overboard7) extra-, 表示表示“额外额外” extraction （提取）（提取）8)fore- 表示表示“在

7、前面在前面” forehead, foretell9) in-, im-, 表示表示“向内，在内，背于向内，在内，背于”inland, invade, inside, import2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀缀 10)under-, 表示表示“在在.下面，下的下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater 11)up-, 表示表示“向上，向上面，在上向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡上坡) 1re-“又又,再再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarr

8、y 2. co“联合，伴同联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super“在在上；加之上；加之” superman, supermarket 4. tele远程远程telephone, telegraph, telescope 5. de-向相反方向发展向相反方向发展decentralize（分散）（分散）, defrost（解冻）（解冻） 6. trans-过，穿过，变过，穿过，变transformation(变形变形), translate 7. vice- 副副 vice-premier, vice-president3.表示其他意义的前缀表示

9、其他意义的前缀: 7. vice- 副副 vice-premier, vice-president 8.semi-半半 semifinal, semicircle, semi-automatic 9. bi两个两个 bicycle, biennial两年一次的两年一次的 10. tri三个三个triangle三角形三角形, tricycle三轮三轮脚踏车脚踏车, triplets三胞胎三胞胎 11.mul-多，多种多，多种multiply(使增加使增加), multi-national, multi-coloured 12. kilo-千千 kilometre, kilogramme 后后 缀

10、缀 例例 词词名名词词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess inability, responsibility leakage(托管人托管人, 保管人保管人),shortage renewal, withdrawal American, Korean privacy, accuracy farmer, thinker, painkiller actor, sailor, collector Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese employee, trustee, interviewee engineer, prof

11、iteer(获暴利的人获暴利的人, 奸奸商商) machinery, jewellery actress, waitress后后缀缀 例例 词词名名词词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure armful, handful, mouthful Egyptian, Russian, Asian, musician artist, pianist, communist, scientist socialism, realism, idealism government, movement, development business, illness, da

12、rkness friendship, ownership invention, liberation, education departure, failure, exposure后后缀缀 例例 词词形形容容词词- able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-some advisable, admirable, comfortable physical, national, political American, Italian, Australian southern, northern, eastern fattest, latest, luckiest h

13、elpful, useful, careful British, English, foolish, childish active, instructive, expensive cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny careless, useless troublesome, tiresome后后缀缀 例例 词词动动词词-(e)n-fy-ize-ate widen, strengthen, lengthen simplify, beautify apologize, organize, realize activate, motivate(激发激发,刺激刺激)后后缀缀 例

14、例 词词副副词词-ly-down-ward(s) really, badly, perfectly, truly face-down, palm-down(手掌向下地手掌向下地) towards, forward, outward后后缀缀 例例 词词数数词词-teen-ty-th fourteen, fifteen, eighteen forty, fifty, eighty fourth, fifth, eighth 常见的后缀常见的后缀1).名词后缀名词后缀 ：-er -or -tion -ment -ity -ist -hood -ion请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：请将以

15、下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：work, educate, develop, visit, satisfy, teach, sail, able, piano, art, child, act, brother, solute, conclude, move,possible-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher, workervisitor, sailor education, satisfactiondevelopment, movementability, possibility pianist, artist childhood, br

16、otherhood action, solution, conclusion如如 ：转化法转化法（Conversion）tasten. 味道v.尝起来It has a good taste.It tastes very good.record n.记录记录v. 记录记录Liu Xiang Broke the 100mHurdles World Record .He lies to record something while reading a book.correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilit

17、yimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Buildingcorrectn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Buildingcorrectcorrection

18、incorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育教育 表达表达O独立的独立的rootadj残疾的残疾的n不可能的不可能的OnSSn误解误解root大学生大学生rootn地下的地下的地下通道地下通道地铁地铁副标题副标题总是总

19、是misunderstand 缩写和简写缩写和简写 : : 缩写和简写缩写和简写( (也被称为截断法或缩短法也被称为截断法或缩短法) )主要采取主要采取: “: “截截头头”, ,“去尾去尾”或者或者 “既截头又去尾既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词的方法生成新词. .telephone-phone telephone-phone airplaneplaneairplaneplanelaboratory-lab laboratory-lab mathematics-math mathematics-math advertisementad advertisementad examination-ex

20、am examination-exam 另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成成. .CD ( compact disk)CD ( compact disk)CCTV( China Central Television)CCTV( China Central Television)NBA (National Basketball Association)NBA (National Basketball Association)UFO( unidentified flying object)UFO( unidentified flying object

21、)UN( United Nations) UN( United Nations) ID( identification)ID( identification)USA( United States of America) USA( United States of America) 1. He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are cover

22、ed with snow. (heavy)4. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 构词法精练构词法精练 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）6. We want _ reasons for your

23、 failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It will _ my task. (simple)8. The boy had the _ of being half starved. (appear)9. The police have _ a plot against the President. (cover)10. The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate) foreigners satisfactory simplify appearance uncovered operation 11. She hoped that her son would become a _. (music)12. Few _ words made us excited. (speak)13. The days on the moon get hotter than _ water.