直接引语和间接引

1、直接引语和间接引语用法精讲直接引语和间接引语用法精讲Gong Yiv引述别人的话有两种方式：引述别人的话有两种方式：v一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语直接引语；v一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做 间接引语间接引语。vJohn said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。我要和父亲到伦敦去。“ （引号内是直接引语）（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his fath

2、er. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）（宾语从句是间接引语）如何把直接引语改为间接引语？如何把直接引语改为间接引语？判断直接引语句子类型判断直接引语句子类型v陈述句陈述句v一般疑问句一般疑问句v选择疑问句选择疑问句v特殊疑问句特殊疑问句v祈使句祈使句v感叹句感叹句直接引语是直接引语是陈述句陈述句时时间接引语为间接引语为that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句He said , “You are younger than I.”He said (that ) I was younger than him. 直接引语是直接引语是疑问句疑问句时时间接引语为

3、陈述语序：主句的谓间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词语动词say 改为改为ask,或改为或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often come here?She asked me if I often went there. She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you?She asked me whether(或或if )I had

4、seen the film.选择疑问句变为选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。vHe asked , Where do you live?He asked me where I lived.直接引语是祈使句时直接引语是祈使句时间接引语改

5、为不定式，作间接引语改为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变变为为not ）v.The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.vThe teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.vHis father told him not to leave the door open.直接引语是感叹句时直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为

6、间接引语为what 或或how 引导，也可引导，也可以用以用that 引导。引导。vShe said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .v或或She said that it was a lovely day.时态变化v如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍中的动词仍保持保持直接引语原来时态。直接引语原来时态。v如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：变化：（1）

7、 一般现在时变为一般过去时一般现在时变为一般过去时（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时现在进行时变为过去进行时（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时一般将来时变为过去将来时（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时现在完成时变为过去完成时（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时一般过去时变为过去完成时（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时注意注意v（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the su

8、n.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2） 如果直接引语中有如果直接引语中有明确明确具体的过去某年、某具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不不改改为过去完成时。如：为过去完成时。如：He said to me, I was born in 1973.He told me that he was born in 1973.如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。语时

9、，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：如：He said, Im a boy, not a girl.He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.v(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：般过去时。如：The girl said, I get up at six every morning.The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. 5)如果直接引语中含有如

10、果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。v如：如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.如果直接引语中含有情态动词如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式

11、以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变些情态动词没有时态的改变。v例如：例如：The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.v表示时间的词表示时间的词vnowthen todaythat daythis weekthat wee

12、k yesterdaythe day beforelast weekthe week before three days agothree days before tomorrowthe next (following ) day next week the next (following ) week v指示代词指示代词vthisthesethesethosev表地点的词表地点的词vherethere 动词动词bringtakecomego如何变人称：如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜化。下面有一句顺口

13、溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新不更新”。v“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.v“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your

14、 sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。v“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。v将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：v1. “I never eat meat.” he said. vHe said that _ never _ meat.v2. “Ive found my wallet.” he s

15、aid to me. vHe _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.v3. “I took it home with me.” she said. vShe said that _ _ _ it home with her.v4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”vThe teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.v5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to

16、 me.vHe _ me that he _ met the day _.v6. “You must come here before five.” he said.vHe said that I _ to go _ before five.v7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.vHe said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.v8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.vHe _ _ I had seen her the week _.v9. He sai

17、d, “You can sit here, Jim.”vHe _ Jim that he _ sit therev10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”vHe asked her mother _ _ _ found it.v11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.vHe asked me _ _ _been _ days. v12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.vHe asked _ _ knew where she _.v13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. vHe _ the children _ _ making so much noise.v14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.vShe told me _ _ _ him the news. v15. “Are you intersted in this?” he said.vHe _ _ I was interested in _ v【参考答案】v1. he, ate 2. told, h