grammar and usage 3

1、Read the following sentences and pay attention to the highlighted words or phrases.1.The sleeping boy must be dreaming for he is smiling.The boy who is sleeping must be dreaming.2. This is the path leading to the school.This is the path which leads to the school.1.单个现在分词作定语，放在所修饰的词前面，分词短语则放所修饰词的后面。2

2、.现在分词作定语，含有进行和主动的意思。Use verb-ing to change the following sentences1.The man who is running over is our chairman.The man running over is our chairman.They lived in a room which faced the north 30 years ago.They lived in a room facing the north.I asked the boy who was standing to fetch some chalk.I as

3、ked the standing boy to fetch some chalk.Read the following sentences.The boy carried a fishing pole.After work, he likes sitting in the reading room.The boy carried a pole which was used for fishing.The room which is used for reading动词-ing 形式做定语可以用来表示事物的用途1.卧车 2.吸烟室 3.出版社 4.拐杖5.游泳池 6.印刷机7.洗衣机 8.写字台

4、a sleeping cara smoking rooma publishing housea walking sticka swimming poola printing machinea washing machinea writing deskRead the following sentences.1.I have some interesting books.I have some books which are interesting.形容词，主语多数为物，含有“令如： amusing / astonishing / exciting / encouraging / puzzlin

5、g / moving / surprising The film they are talking about is _(excite).The news that the Chinese team won 32 gold medals in the Olympic games was _(encourage).The story he told me was really _(terrify).excitingencouragingterrifyingHis hobby is painting. Painting is his hobby.表示抽象的习惯性动作，可与主语互换。 我的工作是教学

6、养猪是他的工作集邮是一项有益的爱好My job is teaching.Raising pigs is his work.Collecting stamps is a beneficial hobby.Read the following sentences.1.We all found the lecture boring.2. Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain.3.I heard him singing at 8 last night.现在分词常用在feel, hear, leave, keep, listen to, notice, s

7、ee ,watch, catch 等动词后面作宾补,其中宾语与宾补存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。 It was so cold that they kept the fire _(burn) all night.2.The missing boys were last seen _ (play) near the river.3.The salesman scolded the girl caught _(steal) and let her off burningplayingstealingRead the following sentences.Hearing

8、 the bad news, they couldnt help crying.Seeing the house on fire, he dialed 119.While playing the piano, she got very excited.Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. When they heard the bad news,When he saw the house on fire,While she was playing the piano,After he had turned t

9、he radio,1.极短暂的动词，表示分词动作一发生,谓语动词表示的动作就立即发生，译为“一时”2.只能用when, while +V-ing,表示分词动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动作发生了。译为“当的时候，”3.表示分词动作完成之后，谓语所表示的动作才发生，译为“在之后，” 1.一完成作业，他就回家了一到家，他就听到电话响了当我呆在农村时，我学到了很多知识在美国呆了年后，他返回了他的祖国Finishing the exercises, he went back home.Arriving at home, he heard the phone ringing.While staying

10、 in the country, I learned a lot.Having stayed in America for 10 years, he returned to his hometown. Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go there last week.Because he was so angry,Because he had been to the Great Wall many times, Working hard, you

11、ll make great progress.If you work hard,1.他生病了,没来上学.2.Tom去过北京很多次了,这次不愿意去了.3.如果违法了, 你就要受到惩罚.4.如果你坚持下去,你就会成功的.Being ill, he didnt come to school.Having been to Beijing many times, he is unwilling to go there this time. Breaking the law, you will be punished.Keeping on working hard, you will succeed.Th

12、ey came into the classroom, singing and laughing.He worked deep into the night, preparing a report for the meeting.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, (thus) causing the delay. The enemy burnt down the village, leaving the villagers homeless.1.她站在那儿，甜甜地笑着他考试没及格，这使他父母很生气尽管他参加会议，他还是心不在焉的She stood th

13、ere, smiling sweetly.He failed in the exam, making his parents angry.Attending the lecture, he was mind-absent.1. verb-ing 与主语有逻辑主谓关系doing表示分词动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。3.having done 表示分词动作在谓语动作前发生。He expressed his satisfaction with the city, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well. The question being discussed is very important.Having been criticized by the teacher,