中考定语从句练习及讲解

1、学习必备欢迎下载中考总复习之定语从句专项详解巧练1. 定语从句的概念：在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰限定作用。e.g. He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句2. 定语从句的引导词：定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who (whom, whose)和关系副词 where, when, why 两种，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定成分。3. 关系代词引导的定语从句：1如果先行词

2、是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who (whom, whose)和 that。e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday.(who / that 在从句中作主语 )这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王。The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that 在从句中作宾语 )上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.(whose 在从句中作定语)我认识的那个妇女，她的

3、丈夫是个医生。2如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词时，则用which 或 that。e.g. Guili n is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that 在从句子中作主语)桂林是座具有 2000 年历史的城市。The moon cakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that 在从句中作宾语)妈妈做的月饼很好吃。4. 关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面：1关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。e.g.The

4、man who lives dow nstairs speaks En glish well.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。The stude nts who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3 年级的学生明天去爬山。2当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。e.g. Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。This is the book (which) you are look ing for

5、.这是那本你正在找的书。There are some films (that) I d like to see. 有几部电影我想去看。学习必备欢迎下载3口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom 也可用 who，且也可以省略。e.g. The man (whom / who) you were talk ing about has come to our school.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。4关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在 that 之前）Page 3e.g. The man （whom） I borrowed the book from

6、 is Li Lei.TThe man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei.我借书的那个人是李雷。The house （which） he lives in is quite large.TThe house in which he lives is quite large.他住的房子很大。应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略，另外，若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词 组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。e.g. The dicti onary which you are look ing for is on the desk

7、.你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。The sick man whom she is tak ing care of is her farther.她在照顾的病人是她父亲。5. 关系代词只能用 that 的几种情况：（只作了解）1当先行词是 everything, anything, nothing, none, the one （something 除夕卜）等不定代词时。e.g. I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me. 我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。2先行词被序数词或 the last 修饰时。e.g. He was th

8、e first stude nt that got to school today.他是今天第一个到学校的学生。3先行词是或被 all, no, some, any, little, much, few 等修饰时。e.g. I have done all that he told us to do.我已完成了他让我做的一切。4先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。e.g. He worked out the most difficult problem that I had see n. 他解答出我所见过最难的题目。5先行词被 the very, the only, the same 修饰时。e.g.

9、I n eed the same dictionary that you have.我需要同你一样的字典。6先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时e.g. He told us many in teresti ng things and pers ons that we had n ever heard.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。7主句是以 who, which 引导的特殊疑问句时e.g. Who is the man that you spoke to just now?你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁？6. 定语从句可以简化成短语。学习必备欢迎下载1定语从句为被动结构，

10、可用过去分词短语简化。e.g. I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.T Ibought a book written by Lu Xun.我买了一本鲁迅写的书。2若为主动结构，且为进行时态或从句表示经常性的动作和状态时，可用现在分词短语简化。e.g. Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.TTell the children playing there not to do that.The house that stands at the corner was built

11、in 1987.TThe house standing at the corner was built in 1987.3当从句中的谓语动词表示一个将要发生的动作或具有某种情态意义时，可简化为动词不定式。e.g. We have nothing that we should fear. We have nothing to fear.我们没有什么事情可以害怕。4当从句的谓语动词后是介词短语时，可简化为介词短语作定语。e.g. The book that is on the table is expensive. The book on the table is expensive.7.关系副词

12、 when 或where 引导定语从句时，它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。女口：This is the roomwhere they had a quarrel a week ago.（ 这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。）/1 can never forget the day when Ifirst saw you.（我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。）注意一、定语从句是复合句的重要组成部分。在定语从句中不管出现什么情况，主句的结构必须完整。试比较：1. Is this farm_ they visited the day before yesterday?2. Is this the f

13、arm_ they visited the day before yesterday?A. which B. the one C. where D. what简析：第 1 题中主句缺少表语，只有B 项才能保持主句的完整性。故选B。第 2 题的主句本身已完整，应填关系代词作定语从句中及物动词visit 的宾语。所以，正确答案是A。二、在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重叠的成分。例如：改错： Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week?简析

14、：该题中的 that 指代先行词 book，在定语从句中充当了动词lend 的逻辑宾语，故 it 应该删除。三、解题时，首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置；根据定语从句中所缺少的句子 成分，分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分，继而选出正确的选项。例如：Can you tell me the n ame of the factory_ you visited last week?A. what B. where C. / D. whe n简析：本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备，而visit 是个及物动词，从语义上分析，factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选 C

15、（引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略）。学习必备欢迎下载四、解答介词+关系代词类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物 动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的 情形，并要灵活运用。例如：In the dark street, there was nt a sin gle pers on_ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom简析:本题定语从句中的 turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语turn to sb. for help （

16、向某人求助）。所以，D 是正确 选项。定语从句前必须有个名词，定语从句用来修饰前边的名词，这个名词叫 先行词.定语从句必须由一个关联引导，并在定语从句中充当一个成分.who that whom学习必备欢迎下载_ relative pronoun that whickAntecedent /(关系代词) )whose as relative adverb when where why(先行词)(关系副词) )I. who / that (指前边的人,在定语从句中做主语，不能省略)1. This is the girl. The_girl helped me yesterday.This is t

17、he girl ( who / that helped me yesterday.)2. The girl is my neighbor一一The_girl helped me yesterday.The girl ( who / that helped me yesterday) is my n eighbor./II. who /whom /that （指前边的人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略）1.1 will never forget the boy. I met_the_boy lastyear.I will n ever forget the boy (who/whom/that I

18、met last year.)2.The man is an advanced worker. You shook hands wijust now.thhimThe man who /whom / that you shook hands with just now is an adva need worker.The man (with whom you shook han ds) is an adva need worker.III. that /which （指前边的物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语1. A plane is a_machine._T，做宾语时可以省略）achine can

19、 fly.A pla ne is a maeh ine ( that/ which can fly.)2. I lost the dictionary.一一The_dictionary gave me a lot of help.I lost the dictionary (that /which gave me a lot of help.)3.What do you think about the_ museum? They built _it lastyear.What do you think about the museum ( that /which they builtlast

20、year?)4.I don t lthe film. They talked aboutI don t like the film (that/which they talked about yesterday.)the_ filmyesterday.I don t like the film (about which they talked yesterday.)5.The chair is made of wood. You are sitting on it.The chair (that/which you are sitt ing on )is made of wood.The ch

21、air (on which you are sitt ing) is made of wood.IV. the samesuch用“as引导定语从句so学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载V. whose （指人或指物，在定语从句中充当定语）What s the name of the boy (whose father is a railway worker?)2. Wang Fang is a student. His house caught fire last week.Wang Fang is a stude nt (whose house caught fire last week.)

22、3. I like to study in the room. Its windows face south I like to study in the room whose win dows face south.4. The book is mine.ts cover is blue.The book whose cover is blue is mine.5. Tom often does some housework forGrandmaLi .Tom often does some housework for Grandma Li whose son is in the Army.

23、VI. when =介词+ which (指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语)1.I will never forget the first day. I came to the city on that day.I will never forget the first day (when I came to the city.)I will never forget the first dayon whichI came to the city.2.We will always remember the years. We worked together in those years.We w

24、ill always remember the years whe n we worked together.We will always remember the yearsin whichwe worked together.VII. where = 介词 + which (指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语)1. I like the beautiful mountain. We planted a lot of trees on it.I like the beautiful mountain where we planted a lot of trees.I like the beaut

25、iful mountain on which we pla nted a lot of trees.1. Please show me the shop.ou bought the book in the shop.Please show me the shop ( where you bought the book.)Please show me the shop ( in which you bought the book.)VIII. why = for which (指原因，修饰先行词reason )1.He is weak. That is the reason why/ for w

26、hich he doesn t want to take part in the sports meeting.2.I really don wt tknoreas on why/for which he sudde nly fell ill.3.Could you tell me the reason why / for which you never say Hello to me非限制性定语从句1.主句有完整意义、能独立存在，这时后边的定语从句只起一个补充说明的作用，使主句显得更清楚，这1. What s the name othe boy? His father is a railwa

27、y worker.sonis in学习必备欢迎下载样的定语从句叫 非限制性定语 从句。非限制定语从句与主句之间常常有一个逗号，但是逗号不是区别限制性和非限制性的唯一标志，主要看主句是否完整。2. 在非限制性定语从句中， 表示人的关系代词只能用who 或 whom,表示物的关系代词只能用which. “that ”不能用在非限制性定语从句中例如：1)I m going to meet my friend at the airport,who is coming from the States.2)I have finished reading the novel, which I like ve

28、ry much.3. as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句。1) 位置很活，可以放在句首、句中或句末。2) 通常解释为：正如 例如：(1) 正如我们所知，地球是圆的。The earth is round, as we all know. As we all know , the earth isround.幅The earth, as we all know, is round.(2) 他经常迟到，这是司空见惯的.He is often late, as is usual.(3) 正如老师们预料的那样，他毕业后成为了一名教师.As was expected, he became a teacher

29、 after leavi ng school.4. 选用普通代词还是关联词，主要看主从句之间是否有 连词。1) 这位老人有三个儿子，他们都是老师。The old man has three sons and they are all teachers.The old man has three sons, who are all teachers.2) 老师问了我一个问题，我没能回答上来。The teacher asked me a questi on, but I can not an swer it.The teacher asked me a questi on ,which I can

30、 not an swer.3) 那边有座房子，房前有棵树.There is a house over there, in front of which stands a tree.There is a house over there, and in front of it stands a tree,特殊的关系代词1. Who is the man that is talking to Mr Li?2. Which is the bridge that they built last year?3. 以下情况只能用“hat ”来修饰.学习必备欢迎下载(1) 最高级(2) 序数词(3) 不定代

31、词(4) 有人又有物定语从句专项练习题与答案详解1. Nearly all the streets are in straight li nes,_from east to west. Those3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beiji ng this autu mn,_ we will enjoythe Olympic Games in 2008. A.where B. whe n C. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or ani mals but he will paint anythin

32、g_.A. that the little girl asks himB. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask himD. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel age nt, Robi n?Oh, that s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one_the telephone number is provided.A. which B. i n whi

33、ch C. of which D. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday,_ I will n ever forget.A. whe nB. that C. what D. which7. The treatme nt will con ti nue un til the patie nt reaches the point_ he can walk correctly and safely.A. whe n B. where C. which8. There are several research cen ters in Chi na_ a certa

34、in disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. which B. where C. whe nD. what9. I hope that the little_ I have bee n able to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. whe n10. The time is n ot far away_ moder n com mun icati ons will becomewidespread in China s vast countryside.A. as B. w

35、he nC. un tilD. before11. _is known to everybody, Taiwa n is a part of China. We must unify it.A. It B. As C. Which D. What12. I shall n ever forget the day_ She n Zhou V was laun ched,_has a great effect on my life.A. whe n, which B. that, whichC. which, that D. whe n, that13. The bread my wife mak

36、es is much better tha n_ you can buy at a store._run from north tosouth are called ave nu es.A. running; that B. run; who2. This is the case_ heA. whe n B. where C. thatC. running; who D. run; that shad all his money stolen.D. on whichD. whose学习必备欢迎下载14. There is no such place_ you dream of in all t

37、his world.A. that B. what C. which D. as15. The people,_ had bee n damaged by the flood, were give n help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homesB. all of whose homesC. all their homesD. all of their homes16. The humans are destroying nature day by day,_ of course, will cause severe punishment from itso

38、oner or later.A. whoB. whe nC. on whichD. which17. Is this research cen ter_ you visited the moder n equipme nt last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old_ they swam in it.A. whe n B. that C. who D. where19. The man show

39、ed us so heavy a stone_ no man can lift.A. that B. as C. which D. and20. He stayed there for quite a long time, duri ng_time he lear ned much spoke n En glish. A. that B.this C. which D. same答案与解析：1. A.主语与 run（延伸）是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those 指街道，所以不用 who 而用 that 来引导定语从句。2. B.因为在此题中 where 引导定语从句，表示在这种种况下”，与 in which 相当。3. A.因为先行词是 Beijing 而不是 this autumn 所以用 where 引导定语从句。4. B.答案 B 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，另外，to 后还省略了动词原形paint。5. C.因为 of which 引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whoseteleph one nu mber。6. D.因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。