Discovering useful structuresVIP

1、Unit 1Women of achievementDiscovring useful structures两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数。连接，谓语用复数。Tom and Dick _ (be) good friends.但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。A singer and dancer _ (be) present at the party.The worker and writer _ (be) talking to the students.Bread and butter _ (taste) good.(a needle an

2、d thread, a horse and cart, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure)arewasistastes2用用 and 连接的两个名词若被连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。修饰，则谓语动词用单数。No bird and no beast _ (be) seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) made such a funny e

3、xperiment.At Christmas each boy and each girl _(be) given a present.ishasis3两个主语由两个主语由not onlybut also, or, eitheror, neithernor等连接时，谓语动等连接时，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致词与第二个主语保持一致Either he or I _ (be) to go there._ (be) either you or he going to attend the meeting?amAre4.主语后有主语后有as well as, like, with, together

4、with, but, except, besides,等，谓语应于等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致A professor, together with some students, _ (be) sent to help in the work.No one but the teachers _ (be) allowed to use the room.wasis5一些集合名词做主语，如果看作一个一些集合名词做主语，如果看作一个整体整体，谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数；如果指其中的如果指其中的成员成员，谓语用谓语用复数复数如如audience, committee，class(班级班级),crew（

5、全体船员或机组人员（全体船员或机组人员), family, government, public(公众公众)等，等，但people, police, cattle等只能用复数My family _ (be) a big family.My family _ (be) listening to the radio.The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.isareare6.通常作复数的集体名词 有些集体名词，如police, people, cattle, militia, poultry(家禽)等，通常作复数，用复数动词。例如：Domestic

6、cattle _(provide) us with milk, beef and vide 7.通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有一些集体名词，如machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise (商品)，clothing 通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：The merchandise _(have) arrived undamaged.All the machinery in the factory _ (be) made in China.hasis8表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个整体看，谓语还是用单数

7、。Five minutes _ (be) enough.One dollar and seventy eight cents _ (be) what she has. isis9. all 作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般用作单数。All that I want _ (be) a good dictionary.All _ (be) silent. 人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。All _ (be) out of danger.iswerewere10 形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。 What a life the poor were livi

8、ng! The young _happy to give their seats to the old.are11who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 12. 以-ics结尾的学科名称 某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理

9、学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学）athlet-ics(体育学)、等，通常作单数用。例如： 13.其他以-s结尾的名词英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。例如：如果带有单位词，则由单位词的

10、单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough. 14.以-s结尾的地理名称某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。例如：The West Indies, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two parts. The Himalayas（喜马拉

11、雅山脉) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance. 15.英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如:arms(武器), clothes(衣服), contents(内容，目录) fireworks(烟火), goods(货物), minutes(记录), morals(道德，品行), remains(遗体), stairs(楼梯), suburbs (郊区), thanks(谢意), wages(工资)等，

12、通常作复数。 16. 凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如: clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings (掘出的东西), earnings (收入), filings (锉屑), lodgings (租住的房屋), surroundings (环境), sweepings (扫拢的垃圾) 等, 通常作复数用。例如： The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt.The sweepings of the godown (仓库) have been disposed of. 17. 还有一些以-s接的单、复数同形的名词，如: headquar

13、ters(总部), means(方法、手段), series(系列), species(种类), works(工厂)等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。例如：A headquarters was set up to direct the operation (指挥作战). Their headquarters are in Paris.The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (诉诸武力). 18. remains用于“遗体”意义时，随后的动词通常作复数：His remains lie in the

14、 churchyard.The martyrs remains were buried at the foot of the hill.但作“遗迹”或“剩余物”解释时，可作复数或单数用：Here is the remains of a temple.The remains of the meal were/was fed to the dog.19.如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。例如：Two thirds of the swampland(沼泽地) _ (have) been reclaimed (开垦).Over sixty

15、 per cent of the city _ (be) destroyed in the war.Thirty-five per cent of the doctors _ (be) women.has waswere 20.如果主语是all of ., some of ., none of ., half of ., most of .等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如：Most of the money _ recovered by Deputy Player.Most of the members _ there.All of the carg

16、o _ lost.All of the crew _ saved.waswerewaswere21. 两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如：Forty minus fifteen (40-15) leaves twenty-five.Forty divided by eight (40/8) is five.Seven and five (7+5) makes/make twelve.Five times eight (5+8) is /are forty. 22.如果主语是由“a kind/sort/type of ,this kind/sort/typ

17、e of +名词”构成，动词用单数。例如：This kind of man annoys me.但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those同时，of-词组中的名词又是复数，则动词用复数：These kinds of men annoy me.Those types/sorts of machines are up to date. 23. 如果主语是由“many a+名词”或“more than one +名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。例如：Many a man has done his duty.More than one

18、 game was lost.24. 1)由who, why, how, whether等词引导的名词性从句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。 2) 两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。例如：What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.What she said is correct.3) 当what-分句的谓语动词及其补足语均为复数形式时，或what分句是个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词可用复数。 What are used as chief building materials today are steel and concrete. 25. 1) 在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。例如：Joan is one of those people who go out of thier way to be