【强烈推荐】高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)

1、情态动词总结I情态动词的特征：1 .本身有词义。2 .不能独立作谓语。3 .后接动词原形一起构成谓语。4 .不随人称和数的变化。II情态动词各自的基本意义及用法:1. can 与 could 用法对比点cancould1、表“能力”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldnt understand what he said at all.2、表“许可”You can use a different material instead.He said I could borrow his bike.3、“怀疑”No, no, it cant be true.What

2、on earth can this mean?We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?4、 can与 be able to区别1. could代替can,表示语气更为婉转。Eg. Could I use your bike?Yes, I can2. can （能够）=be able to（仅表能力时），但be able to表不一番努力后， 才能做得到，且有更多的时态。2.may 与 might 用法对比点maymight1.表“询问”May I ？(=Can I ？)Might I ？(=Cou

3、ld I ?)(但比用may更客气)2.表“允许”You may take the boy there.He told me he might come. (might与told相呼应)3.表“可能” “或许”She may nor like this place.Im afraid he might not like this play.注：1. May I？的答语。2. may可表不期望或祝愿May you succeed !3. may （might）用丁目的状语从 句。肯定： Yes, you may.否定：No, you mustnt 不行(语气强硬)No, you may not

4、或 No, youd better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.3. must 与 have to 用法对比点musthave to1.表“必须”（主观看法）必须；没有过去式， 可附十间接引语中。He told me I must do according to what he said.（客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。Its raining heavily, we cant go now.2.疑问句Must I ? Yes, you must. (

5、/e)No, you neednt./ you dont have to.Do you have to go today?Yes, we do.（不必）You dont have to worry about that.4. need 与 dare 用法对比点needdare1.情态v.+动词原形1）否定式2）疑问式He need not (neednt)go.-Need we do it again?-No, you neednt do it again.He dare not say so.Dare she go out alone at night?How dare you say Im

6、 unfair?If he dare do that, hell be punished.I dare say.(固定用法)2.实义 v. +todo 1）自定式2）否定式3）疑问式He needs to go.He doesnt (does not) need to go.Does he need to do it again?No, he doesnt need ot do it again.He dares to say.He does not(doesn t)dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dar

7、e I .3. did not need to do表小过去 没必要做She didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她没有参加)5. should 与 ought to 用法对比点shouldought to1、表“应该”表劝告、建议You should listen to the doctors advice.We should learn from Zhang Hua.“有责任后必要”做某事You ought to finish your work before you g

8、o home.We ought to help each other.2、表“估计”They should get home by now.“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.注：1) should还口在虚拟语气中的使用2)注忌：ought to的疑问式及否7E式-Ought he to go? -Yes, I think he ought to.-No, he oughtnt to.否定式：oughtnt to do (不说 ought to not do) 反疑

9、问句：oughtnt?6. shall 与 will 用法shallwill1.征询对方意见或请求指示，用于A、三人称：Shall I (we) ? Shall he (she)？ Where shall I (we)wait for you?1.询问对方的恳思或1可对方提出要求:Will you (please) ? Wont you ?Would you like to.? (would 替代 will 更客气) Won t you go and see the film?你不去看电影 吗-Yes, I think I will. 不，我想去。2.表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告” “

10、强制” “允诺” “决心”等，用于第二、三人称。You shall do what I tell you （ to do）.我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everything shall be done to save the ship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。2.表示“意志” “意愿”，用于各种人称：I wont do anything you don t like.我不会做任何你/、喜欢的事。Would表小过去时间的思志忌愿Shylock would not take the money earlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。7. used to 与 would 用法used towoul

11、d1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况 的对比，不有时间状语。I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.My hometown is not what it used to be.1 .只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状tH*。I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.2 .would后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识 或状态动词He used to benervous in the exam.2.表小过去的习惯后时口互换：W

12、hen we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.3.表示过去的次数时，不能使用：( V ) We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注：used t(疑问式：1T)do 的否usednt to do 或 didn Did you use to do ?L Used you to do

13、?t use to do (usednt 也口写作 usent)Didnt you use to do?. Usednt you to do?II情态动词表推测：1.大多数情态动词(除表能力、许可、意志外) ，都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。按可能性程度的高低排列为：must will would ought to should完全肯定完全可能很可能 can could may might可能有可能2.区分情态动词的否定含义：may not或许不、可能不 might not可能不cant不可能mustnt不许、禁止shouldnt不应该neednt不必3.情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现

14、在、进行、过去推测。S主+情态动词 + be + adj对“性质” “特征”的推测S主+情态动词 + be + n1寸“职业” “事物”的推测S主+情态动词+动词原形对经常性行为的推测S主+情态动词 + be + V-ing对进行着的行为的推测S主+情态动词 + have + PP:对过去的行为的推测情态动词表推测时：1、can只能附于0te句和疑问句2、must只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了)3、如句中有情态动词+完成时，定是对过去的推测。4、句中如启表小不启7E的话语E.g I am not sure; I don t know 之英, 常选 may /might

15、 的各种形式。4.表不反劝的特殊的表推测形式1). could + have + P.P.表示本来能做到，但事实上没有做到。He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2). couldnt +have + P.P.表不本来不能做到，但已经做到了。She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.3) neednt + have + P.P.表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。She neednt

16、 have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.4.) should/ought to +have + P.P.表示该做而没有做The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot more water.5) shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + P.P.You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike表示不该做而做了。without permission.5.注意:must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）1

17、.must + have + P.P.表示对过去肯定的推测，“一定是，准 是“The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.2.can + have + P.P.表示对过去的推测（限于问句中）Can she have said so?他可能这样说吗？3.cant + have + P.P.表示对过去的否定推测He cannot have said such a foolish thing.III情态动词表推测的反意疑问句1.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语,则以其为准。2.以must为例:

18、E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, aren t you?2. He must be watching TV , isnt he ?3. Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?注：如选择题中(以 She must have arrived yesterday, didn t she?为例)既有 didnt she 又有 hasnt she则以 didn t she?为最佳答案。IV情态动词专项练习与解析()1.

19、You return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. can t B. mustn t)2. Where is my pen? I it.A. might lose B. would have lost)3. I wish I you yesterday.A. seenB. did see)4. I didn t hear the phone. IA. must beB. must have beenC.needn tC. should have lostC. had seen asleep.C. shou

20、ld beD. may notD. must have lostD. were to seeD. should have been()5. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented()6. He you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have give

21、n B. might have C. may have given D. may give ()7. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb ()8. Without electricity human life quite difficult today.A. isB. will beC. would h

22、ave been D. would be()9. A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can tB. couldn t C. may notD. might not()10. Jenny have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. would()11. We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. m

23、ight studyC. should have studiedD. would study() 12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you .A. mightB. willC. canD. should() 13. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingD. having told() 14. If he , he that food. Luckily he was sent to the ho

24、spital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken() 15. Peter come with us tonight , but he isn t very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will() 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I

25、 for her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out() 17. I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did come C. cameD. had come() 18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you . I ve told him al

26、ready.A. needn tB. wouldn t C. mustn tD. shouldn t() 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .A. breaksB. has broken C. were brokenD. had been broken() 20. It s nearly seven o clock. Jack be here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can() 21.There were already five peop

27、le in the car but they managed to take me as well. It a comfortable journey.A. can t be B. shouldn t be C. mustn t have beenD. couldn t have been() 22. Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself.A. won t; can tB. mustn t; may C. shouldn t; must D. can t; shouldn t() 23. The fire spread throu

28、gh the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to() 24. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They be ready by 12:00.A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need() 25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You with Barbara.A. could have

29、stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed() 26. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, . My brother is coming to see me.A. I mustn t B. I can tC. I needn t D. I won t() 27. Are you coming to Jeff s party? I m not sure. I go to the concert instead.D. mightA. mustB. wouldC. should() 28. Write to

30、 me when you get home.A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can() 29. I was really anxious about you, you home without a word.A. mustn t leaveB. shouldn t have leftC. couldn t have leftD. needn t leave() 30. Is John coming by train? He should, but he not. He likes driving his car.A. mustB. canC. needD.

31、may【练习解析】1 C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like 这一信息句可知， “你不必现在还”。2 D 从原题中 Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must+ have done 表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。3 C 原题中的yesterday 这一信息词告诉考生，在wish 后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。4 B从原题中的I didn t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用 must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。5

32、A 从原题中last Saturday 这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done 。6 A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。7 C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had notbeen for”要不是因为”。8 D 原题中的Without electricity 相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity, 故主句用human life wouldbe quite d

33、ifficult today.9 A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句 can t,表示不能，不会”。10 B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind ”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。 ”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用 should + have done,表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。11 C 可参看 10 题。意思是： “昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。 ”12 C 原题中的could 不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could 提问时，用can 回答。同样用 would , might 提问，用

34、will 和 may 回答。注意一 Would you rather do such a thing? Yes, I would. Would you like some tea? Yes, I would.这两个对话中的would rather ， would like 是惯用法，故不能用will 来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will 不能去替换would。13 A 可参看10、 15 题。该句意思是： “汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。 ” oughtnot to have done = shouldn t have done14 B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately 这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。15 B 从原题中的but he isnt very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”， D 是“将要来”。16 C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有17 D 从原题中I didn t see your sister at the meeting 和后文 she would have met my brother 这两个信息句可知， if 条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成