直接引语变间接引语的转换

1、直接引语变间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语的转换：（一）如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的 主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要 按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：She said.“ My brother wants to go with me.” f Sher brother wanted to go with her.二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人 称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没 有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to K

2、ate.“ How is your sister now? ” f He aKate how her sister was the n.第三人称不更新"是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从 句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr. Smith said, “ Jacks a good worker. ”flr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.（二）时态的变化如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持 原来的时态。He says, “I have been writing a novel- Hesays

3、that he has been writing a novel.He says:"that's all right."He says that's all right.如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要 往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去 的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表:直接引语时 态间接引语时态般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进 行时过去完成进 行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时般将来时过去将来时Can/mayCould/mightShe said:"l am

4、 a student." She said （that） shewas a student.一般现在时变成一般过去时）She said: "He will go to see his friend"She said hewould go to see his friend（一般将来时变成过去将来 时）Tom said:"I am going to play basketball tomorrow."The teacher said,“ You are doing OK老 师说：你们干得很不错。”The teacher said we were

5、doing OK.老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）She said, “I am reading a book."I asked her, “ Where have you spent your holiday?问她：你去哪里度假了？ ”I asked her where she had spent her holida y. 我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）She said,“I went to Shangha她说：”我去过上海。”She said that she had gone to Shanghai.她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）

6、He said, “I had finished my work before 10 o 他'clc说：我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”He said that he had finished hiswork before 10 o ' clock.他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）注意以下几种情况：时态不变1. 直接引语是客观真理。The teacher said, “ The earth moves around thesun."The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时

7、态不变Jack said:"I was doing chores when Tom came in."-Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came in.3. 直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。Jack said:"l was born on April 21,1980" Jacksaid he was born on April 21,1980.4. 直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性 的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。He said:"I get up at

8、six every morning." He said he gets up at six every morning.5. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经 是过去时的形式，不用变。The doctor said ,"You should stay in bed for 2 days." The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2days.（三）如何变状语。时间状语由现在”变为原来”直接引语间接引语now现在then那时today今天that day那天this evening今晚that evening

9、那天晚 上yesterday昨天the day before 前一 天yesterdaythemorningmorning昨天上午before刖-天上午last night昨天thenight晚上before上前一天晚two days ago两天twodays刖before两天前next week下周thenext week/thefollowing week 第二周tomorrow明天thenextfollowing dayday/the第二天the day before yesterdayytwodays前天before两天前thedayafterin two daystime/twoto

10、morrow 后天days after 两天后地点状语here变为there“ we II leave here tomorrow, ” he他说：.我们明天离开这里。”He said that they would leave there the next day他 说他 们将在第二天离开那里。指示代词由 此”变为 彼”：thisthat, thesethoseHe said:"This book is mine."- He said that book was his.动词 come变成 go（四）如何变换句型1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如

11、:He said, “ I'm happy-”- He said （ that） he was happy.2般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成 是否” 如：He asked me, “ Does his father know Mr Green? ”-He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.3特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词（连接代词或连接副词）引导的宾语从句， 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。如：He asked me, “ Where is Mr Wang?-He as

12、ked me where Mr Wang was.（注： He asked me, “Which is the best?"She asked me:"What is in the classroom 4直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语改为 tell,ask,order sb （not） to do sth句型，表示命令。 女口： "Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students.The teacher told the students not to make any noise.&

13、quot;Open the door,please," she said .-She asked him to open the door.5.直接引语如果是Let's开头的祈使句，变为用“suggest +doin或+从句。如：He said:"Let's go to the movies."He suggested going to the movies.或 He suggested that they should go to see the movies.练习一：1. I don't knowhe will come tomorro

14、w.he comes, I'll tell youA. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if;That D. if; If2. I don't knowthe day after tomorrow.A. when does he comeB. how will he come C.if he comesD. whether he'll come3. Could you tell methe nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whetherD.where4. Could you tell methe

15、radio without anyhelp?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C.how he mendedD. what he mended5. I want to know.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC.whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know wherenow?A. he livesB. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live7. Do you kno

16、w what time?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C.will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I don't know. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old arethe two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old thetwo players are9. The small children don't know.B.

17、what is inD. what in their.A. what doesA. what is their stockingsin their stockingsC. where is their stockingsin stockingsChristmas mean10. I can't understandB. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas doesD. whatChristmas means1 The girls asked if theysome food and drink withthem. A. took

18、 B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that sheto Guangzho u.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never beenD. had never been3 The students want to know whether theydictionary today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda ifgo and get some. A. could she B.she could C. she c

19、an D. she may5 Linda said the moonround the earth. A. travelledB. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled习题（二）1 Can you tell meyou were born, Betty? A. who B.what C. when D. that2 I don't knowthey have passed the exam. A. whatB. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand.he has told me. A. that

20、 B.what C. which D. who4 She didn't knowback soon. A. whether he wouldbe B. if would he be C. he will be5. I don't knowhe still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you knowthey listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how7. He asked metold me t

21、he accident. A whom Bwhich C who D whose习题（三）1. They don't knowtheir parents are. A that Bwhat C why D which2. Please tell mewhat last year. A. where doesyour sister workB where did your sister workC where your sister worksD where your sisterworked3. She asked me if I knew. A. whose pen is it B.

22、whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember. A. what your mothersaid B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know? A. who he was looking after B.who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after

23、6 Could you tell me? A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leaveBeijing习题（四）1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if2. I don't knowMr. Gre

24、en will come to see us.He will help us with our English.（杭州市）A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never knowthe old man is. They sayhe is a teacher.（鄂州市）A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was toldBill Gates was thirteen he began toplay with computers.（重庆市）A. that how B. how that C. when that D. tha

25、t when5. Do you know? I'm going to see himSorry,I don't know.（北京市海淀区）A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. W here do you thinkhethe computer?Sorry, I have no idea.（南京市）A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy7. I don'

26、t feel very well. Mum asked methismorning.（重庆市）A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is Jack? He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure.（南昌市） A. that B. which C. where D.there单项选择1 The girls a

27、sked if theysome food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that sheto Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether theydictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda ifg

28、o and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moonround the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled6. Can you tell meyou were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that7 I don't knowthey have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where

29、8 I hardly understand.he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who9. She didn't knowback soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D. if he will come10don't knowhe still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.when11. Do you knowthey listened to yester

30、day evening?A. what B when C why D how12. He asked metold me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose13. They don't knowtheir parents are. A that B what C why D which14. Please tell mewhat last year.C where your sister works D. where your sister worked15.She asked me if I knewA. whose pen is i

31、t B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it16. You must remember. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said17. Did you know?A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is look

32、ing after18. Could you tell me? A. when will they leave Beijing B when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing19. Could you tell me? A .where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who wereyou waiting for D. where you live in20want to know how long A

33、.has he been back B has he come backC.he has been back D he has come back21.Do you know ? A what the news are B what is the newsC . what the news is D what are the news22don't knowup so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got23.He saidthere was going to

34、be a meeting that evening.A.what B. if C.that D. how按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tellus?（改写句子）f Could you tell usMr. Brown” he as变e为lhe.living in China?2. "Does the girl need any help?f He asked methe girl somehelp .3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, ei

35、ther.（合 并为一个句子）JimTom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to kno（.改为含宾 语从句的复合句）I want to knowthe train.5. They went home after they had finished their homework.（用 not. . until 改写）Theygo homethey had finishedtheir homework.6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Li Lei wants to knowPeterhereyesterda y.1）.How does he get on with his new classmates? Could you tell me?改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Could you tell me howon with his newclassmates?2）. What is he doing there? Mother didn't know.（改为含 有宾语从句的复合句Mother didn't know whatdoing there.3）.You'd better a