动名词做状语

1、必修四unit4动名词做状语Teaching aim 】：learn v.-ing forms used as adverbialTeaching important point 】:learn v.-ing forms as adverbialTeach ing difficult point 】:how to usev.-ing forms as adverbial【自学导引】主动形式被动形式一般式：doi ngbeing done完成式：havi ng donehavi ng bee n done动名词的形式4. -ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、

2、 较次要的动作。如：1) .They stood there for half an hour, watch ing the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。2) .Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。5. -ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。注：-ing分

3、词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。6. “with/without名词普通格或代词宾格 +-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情 况或时间、原因等。如：1) .His hair became grey with the years pass in g.随着时间的推移， 他的头发变花白了。2) .Without an yo ne n otici ng, he slipped through the win dow.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。二、功能及用法(做状语)-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1. -ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个

4、时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：1) .While readi ng the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点 头。2) .Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.看到那些画，他想起了她的 童年。2. -ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1) .Not knowing his address, I can' t send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。2) .Being

5、poor, he didn' t go to school unti因为家里穷，他直到八岁才上学。3) .Many of us, being so excited, couldn ' t go to sleep that night.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。3. -ing分词短语作结果状语。如：1) .His father died, leavi ng him a lot of mo ney. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。2) .She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, break ing it i

6、nto pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。1. -ing形式的完成式作状语时，表明其与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾或者主谓关系，且先于谓语动词发生。如：1) .Being a student, he was interested in books.作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。2) .Not havi ng studied his less ons very hard, he failed the exam in atio ns.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。3) .Having read the article for three times ,he coul

7、d recite it . 这篇文章他读了三遍，者E能背下来了。4) .Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.被告诉过多次，他依然在重复着这些错误。5) .Not having finished the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.还没有完成这项工程，他们不得不再在那里呆两周。2. -ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句中作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作

8、目的或结果状语.【课内探究】.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine withhim wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. SufferingC. Having suffered D. Being suffered2. Finding her car stolen,.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC.

9、it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help3. He sent me an e-mail,to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope4. While building a tunnel through the mountain,.A. an underground lake was discoveredB. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discov

10、ered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake5. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriagethe girl and took her away,into the woods.A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing6. in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized

11、that he had left hiswallet at home.(北京 2004)A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waited D. To have waited7. European football is played in 80 countries,it the most popular sport in theworld.(NMET 1998)A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make8. the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.（广东

12、2004）A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed9. Thoughmon ey, his pare nts man aged to send him to university.（上海2002）A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in10. Having been attacked by terrorists,.（上海 2004）A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall buildi

13、ng collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists.11a reply, he decided to write again.（NMET92）A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not received12. his teleph one nu mber, she had somedifficulty getting in touch with Bill.A. Not knowingB. k

14、nowing notC. Not having knownD. Having not known13. a You can ' t catch jliaebt shouted, away.A. run B. runningC. to runD. ran14. a We can' t go out in this weather,” said Bob,out of the window. （NMET2004）C. lookedD. having been looked15. The storm left, a lot of damage tothis area. (NEMT200

15、5)A. causedC. to causeB. to have causedD. having caused16 It ' s pleasure to watch the face of ababy.A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept17. Thebuildings showed us that anearthquake was comi ng.A. shakingB. shook C. shakenD. shake18. The hotelnow beside the parkwas designed by a group of young men.A. to be builtB. being builtC. builtD. building19. When the first