中考时态总结

1、一、一般现在时的用法1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every ，sometimes, at ，on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.He cycles to work every day.2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.3） 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a

2、fall. 骄者必败。注意： 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I don't want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较： Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时， 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作， 表示言行的瞬间动作。再如： No

3、w watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志， 表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表 示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here com

4、es the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes （ 不是 will come）, ask him to wait for me.I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows

5、 are closed before you leave the room.二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。 Where did you go just now?I saw Tom in the street yesterday.I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played

6、 football in the street.He always went to work by bus.He used to act like that.3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。（ 1 ）动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else?I wanted to ask you about that.Did you want to speak to me now?I wondered if you could help me.（ 2 ）情态动词could, would ，例如：Could

7、you lend me your bike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing.If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.注意比较下列句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了；该 了"，例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time sb. did sth.时间已迟了；早该 了"，例如：It is time you went

8、to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示 “宁愿某人做某事” ，例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs. Da

9、rby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （ 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚 离去 ）三、一般将来时1） shall 用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first ？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2） be going to + 不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要

10、发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连

11、用。be going to / will 的用法之比较：用于条件句时， be going to 表将来， will 表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. be to 和 be going to 的用法之比较：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某

12、事。 而 be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。 例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （ 客观安排 ）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.（主观安排）四、现在进行时1. 表示现在 （ 指说话人说话时） 正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you.2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。 ）She is lea

13、rning piano under Mr. Smith.3. 表示渐变的动词有： get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.4. 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1） 事实状态的动词。如： have, belong, possess, co

14、st, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2） 心理状态的动词。如： know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her v

15、ery much.3） 瞬间动词。如： accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4） 系动词。如： seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.五、过去进行时 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动 作发生。3） 常用的时间状语有：this mor

16、ning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten lastevening, when, while例句：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.型例题1） Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A.

17、madeB. is making C. was making D. makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2） As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was falling D. read; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while ,意为"当之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候

18、，另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell （fall的过去时）,是系动词，后跟形容词，如： fall sick。六.现在完成时态1 .用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果E.g :Yesterday I finished my homework, that' s to say, I have finished my homeworknow.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续E.g.：: I have lived here since 1990.2 .现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词3 .现在完成时的

19、四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work?否定句He has not finished the work.两回答Yes ,he has.No, he hasn ' t.特殊疑问句What has he done?4 . 在下列情形下用现在完成时九词语already已经 肯定句中或句尾eg：I have already found my pen.=I have found my pen already.yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾eg：I have not finished the work yet.H

20、ave you bought a computer yet?ever曾经句中e.g.：Have you ever seen pandas?never从不句中e.g.：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中e.g.：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾e.g.：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久e.g.:How long have you lived here?how many ti

21、mes 多少次e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing?（2）两词组have<has>gone to 去了某地e.g.：He has gone to Beijing（去了北京）have<has>been to 去过某地e.g.：He has been to Beijing.（去过北京）(3)两结构(4).如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加巳经”，往往用现在完成时态。for two monthsfor + 一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过

22、去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5 5). 现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the

23、 best book I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years. （ 错 ）因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间 for 3 years 连用 , 改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book.（去掉一段时间for 3 years） He bought the book 3 years a

24、go（改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变） It s 3 years since he bought the book.= 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型It is -since- ） He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词 have 代替 buy）6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况， 可参照前面的五种办法改正， 前四种改法都一样， 第五种改法各不相同， 举例如下： come/arriv

25、e/get to/reachf be heree.g： I have come here for 3 years. （错） leave/go -be awaye.g.： He has left for 3 hours. （错） begin/start fbe one.g.： The film has begun for 3 minutes. （错） minutes. open fbe open / closef be closede.g.: The shop has opened for 3 years.作昔） die -be deade.g.： His father has died for

26、 3 years.（错）改为： I have been here for 3 years.改为： He has been away for 3 hours.改为： The film has been on for 3改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.改为： The work has been over for 3（错）或 I have been a soldier for 3改为： I have had the bike for 3 years.改为： He has had

27、 a cold for 3 days. finish/end f be over例： He has finished the work for 3 days.（ 错 ）days join例： I have joined the army for 3 years.改为：years. buy /catchfhaveI have been in the army for 3 years.e.g.： I have bought the bike for 3 years. ） He has caught a cold for 3 days. （错） borro w f keep改为： I have ke

28、pt the booke.g： I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break f be broken get up f be upmarry f be married become f be lose f be lost7. 延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词 ：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。e.g.： learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing readsleep live终止性动词 ：也叫非延续性动

29、词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束， 产生某种结果。 在有了某种结果后， 动作就不能再继续下去。e.g.： leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn offmarry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for thr

30、ee days. （ 错， 终止性动词die 不能和一段时间 for three days 连用）七 过去完成时：由 had+ 过去分词构成。用法 有二：过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去e.g.:： When we got to the station, the train had left.当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000 words. 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了 1000个单过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态e.g.:： He said that

31、 he had made a few friends since he came to China.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。t yous smart.1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Don like it? I m sorry I any remark about it in time. I certainly think itA. wasn t makingB. don t makeC. won t makeD. didn t make2. To find the

32、street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city sorapidly all these years.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change3. He quite well, but he hasn t had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swamD. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come t

33、o pick me up, but he by now.A. hasn t turned up B. doesn t turn upC. won t turn upD. hadn t turned up5. I m terribly sorry for being late, but I the wrong bus.A. catchB. had caught C. caught D. catching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walkB. had be

34、en walkingC. walkedD. was walking8. I really don t think Rose will be upset, but I will go aenhdesrein case she A. isB. does C. will beD. has been9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they .A. were playingB. were

35、 to playC. had playedD. played10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I .visit her.A. didn t know; I ll go andB. don t know; I ll go andC. don t know; I m going toD. didn t know; I m going to11. Where the guidebook? I can t see it anywhere. I it right here, but now it s gone.A. did you put; have putB.

36、had you put; have putC. have you put; putD. were you putting; put14 . Do you live in this city? No, we it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited15 . How is the old man now? Sorry, he though they did all they could to save him.A. was dead B. had died C. has be

37、en dead D. died16 .The lake will be further polluted unless some measures .A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken 17. I m afraid it will be two months .A. when I come backB. when I ll come backC. before I come backD. before I ll come back18 .The workers busily when the boss ca

38、me to look for something he in theoffice.A. had worked, had leftB. were working ; had leftC. working ; had leftD. had worked; left21.The notice “ No smoking ”.A. is toldB. reads C. tellsD. is read时态语态1.考点 掌握六大时态以及对应的被动语态的构成、用法2.知识讲解时态一般现在时构成：谓语动词三单或原形用法：a.现在经常性或习惯性动作、长期存在的特征或状态。常见时间状语：表示频率的副词always,

39、 often, usually, sometimes 等；表示频率的词组 once a year, twice a month, three times a year 等； on Sundays, on Monday afternoons, every day, every morning, every year 等时间状语。b.普遍真理、客观事实。c.条件、时间状语从句主将从现。同步练习1 . This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus, she always her seat to someone i

40、n need.A. givesB. giveC. gaveD. giving2 .Betty will ring me up when she in Beijing.A. arriveB. arrivesC. arrivedD. will arrive3 . Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she back.A. cameB. comesC. would come D. will come4 .Henry will give us a report as soon as he .A. arriv

41、esB. arrivedC.is arrivingD.will arrive5.In Chongqing, you can often see many people dance outside together if it in theevening.A. rainsB. doesn ' t rain C. will rainD. won' t rain答案ABBAB一般过去时构成：谓语动词过去式用法：a.表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。常接时间状语：last night, yesterday, the daybefore yesterday, yesterday ev

42、ening, just now, 段时间 +ago” , once upon a time the other day, in 1990, at that time, this morning 等。副词 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc.b.表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作。（过去常常做某事也可以用used to do sth.来表示）c.在语境中，表示 刚才，在过去”暗示现在已 不再这样”Look at the sign. " No smoSorgy, I didn't see it.同步练习1.

43、Where were you last Saturday? I in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will be C. was D. have been2. I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago.A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went3. Lucy a student last year, but now she a teacher.A. is; is B. was; is C. was; will be D. is ; was4. Th

44、e old man in Shanghai, but he in Haikou now.A . be born; live B . was born ; live C. is born; lives D . was born; lives5. He go out with his parents, but now he staying at home alone.A.used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. use to; is used to 答案CDBDA一般将来时构成：will/be going to+动词原形用法：一般将来时表示将来发生

45、的动作或存在的状态。常见时间状语：tomorrow,nextday（week,month,year.）,soon,the day after tomorrow（ 后天）in the future （将来）,in+段时间 等。a.will+动词原形（注意：a.当句中主语是I或者we时，一般用shall,表示征求对方意见）说 话时临时做的决定；固有属性，必然趋势b.be going to+动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事；表示根据已有迹象对将来的推断。c.某些词，如： arrive, borrow , come, fly , go, leave, move, start, stay, stop, t

46、ake off 等瞬间动词的现在进行时也可表示将来，表示即将发生或安排好的要做的事情。We are leaving for Shanghai.同步练习1. We are glad to hear that the greens to a new flat next week.A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved2. Put your hands behind your back. don' t speak. We in ten minutes.A. backB. will be back C. are back D. are back

47、to you3. My sister wants a new dress. She it to the party.A.wears B. has worn C. wore D. is going to wear4. - When you reading Jane Eyre? It ' s hard to say. I ' m busy recently.A. did; finish B. have; finished C. will; finish D. do; finish5. If it this Saturday, we for a picnic.A. won '

48、 t rain; shall go B. doesn ' t rain; will goC. isn ' t rain; go D. doesn ' t rain; go6.ILook at the noisy kids! - Haven' you heard the saying “Whenthe cat is away, the mice ? ”A. play B. played C. are playingD. will play答案CBDCBD现在进行时构成：am/is/are+doing用法：表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作，表示现阶段正在进行而说话此刻不

49、一定进行的动作 或持续的状态。常见时间状语时间状语：now, at the moment, these days或者句中含有look,listen, can/can you see 之类的暗示词。同步练习1 . Where's Tom'? His mother him now.A. is looking for B. will look for C. has looked for D. Looks for2 . Look! The boys football on the playground.A. playsB. playC. are playingD. played3 .W

50、hat' s the weather like? Oh, it outside. Take an umbrella with you.A. rains B. is raining C. was raining D. rained4 .You can ' t use the bathroom right nowRobbie a shower.A. takesB. will takeC. is taking答案ACBC过去进行时构成：was/were+doing用法：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的事情或动作。常见的时间状语：this morning, the who

51、le morning, all day yesterday, last evening含有 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句，区别之处在于如果从句和主句动作有先后发生顺序且进行时间较 长，when和while都可引导；而当从句和主句同时发生或无所谓先后时，只能由while引导。注意：When和while引导的时间状语从句中，如果动词为非延续性动词，常用一般过去式，不用过去进行时。例句如下：同步练习1-What were you doing this time yesterday?on the grass and drawing a picture.A.sit B. sa

52、t C. am sitting D. was sitting2. She to an English program while her parents TV .A. was listening; is watchingB. listened; were watchingC. was listening; watchedD. was listening; were watching3. - Has your friend completed his design?- Not yet. He on it last night.A. worked B. has worked C. is worki

53、ng D. was working4. I saw Mr Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.That ' s impsible. He an English party with us then.A.has B. had C. was having D. has had答案DDDC过去将来时构成： would/was、 were going to 动词原形用法：l.would+do（动词原形），表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语 从句中。例句：He asked when the meeting would

54、start.2.was/were going to + do（动词原形）,表示曾经打算、准备要做的动作。例句:同步练习The official said they a new law to protect the tourists the next year.A. makes B. would make C.made D.have made现在完成时构成：have/has+动词的过去分词用法：a.表示发生在过去的或已经完成的对现在仍有影响的动作。常和already, ever, just, never,recently, yet等副词连用b.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，并持续到现在，也许还要

55、持续下去常和for+时间段，since+时间点/从句（一般过去时）连用。c. have/has been to表示某人曾经去过某地，并且已经回来have/has gone to表示某人已经去了某地，但还没回来have/has been in表示某人已经去了某地并呆了一段时间，但还没回来。d. for和since的区分e. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区分f.非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转化同步练习1 . Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he us English.A. teaches B. taught C. has ta

56、ught D. will teach2 .Julie ' s father to London last month. Hethere three times.A. went; had goneB. has gone: has beenC. went; has beenD. has been; had gone3.British Prince William（威廉王子）and Kate for nearly two months.A. married B. have married C. have been married D. have got married 4. 一 How long has Robert?Since 2004.A. been to BeijingB.become a policemanC.joined the art club D.