英国文学史-名词解释

1、Heroic Couplet : a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter, and written in an elevated style. 1 Renaissance : a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thi

2、rsting curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity. 2 Sonnet : 14-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. 3 Blank verse : poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. 4 Neoclassicism : the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest

3、 in Greek and Roman works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism. 5 Sentimentalism : it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18 th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of humannature which pr

4、ized feeling over thinking, passion over reason. 6 Romanticism : imagination, emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life r

5、ather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature. 7 Lake Poets : the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19 th century. 8 Byronic Heroes : a variant of the Romantic heroes as a

6、 type of character( enthusiasm, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron. 9 Realism : seeks to portray familiar characters, situations, and settings in a realistic manner. This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the b

7、uildup of accurate detail. 10 Aestheticism : an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts. 11 Stream-of-Consciousness : it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as

8、they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode. 12 Dramatic Monologue : a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. 13 Iambic Pentameter : a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each f

9、oot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb. 14 Epic : a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. 15 Elegy : a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individu

10、al; may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem. 16 Canto : a section of a long poem. The cantos can be a great poem 17 Ode: a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on somelofty or serious s

11、ubjects. Odes are written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event. Spenserian Stanza : a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc. This stanza was commonto travel literature. 18 Metrica

12、l Pattern : a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanzas containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rhyme scheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee. .、一、/ 1 r , 文学史 中古时期1. Beowulf贝奥武甫 ：the n atural epic of the En glish people; Den mark story, alliteration, metaphor, understatements 2. Sir Gawain and Green Knigh

13、t 高文爵士和绿衣骑士 3. Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里乔叟)：the Father of En glish Poetry; The Can terbury Tales 埃特伯雷故事集(24stories) 文艺复兴时期 1. Thomas More: Utopia 乌托邦-the communication between more and the traveler which just came back from Utopia. 2. Francis Bacon: the first English Essayist; Essays随笔集-Of Studies, Of T

14、ruth (philosophical and literary works) 3. Thus Wyatt : first to introduce the sonnet into English literature. 4. Edmund Spenser: Poets poet; The Fairy Queen 仙后(to Queen Elizabeth I) 5. William Shakespeare : Sonnet 18(Shall I compare thee to a summers day) 17世纪英国文学 1. John Donne : the leading poet o

15、f Metaphysical school of poetry; A Valediction: Forbiddi ng Mourni ng 分离：莫忧伤 2. John Milton : Paradise Lost失乐园(a revolt against Gods authority), Paradise Regained复乐园 (how Christ overcame Santa) - stories were taken from Bible 3. John Bunyan: the son of Renaissanee; Pilgrims Progress天路历程(imagination,

16、 shadow ing, realistic religious allegory) 18世纪英国文学 Novel : 1. Beowulf贝奥武甫 ：the n atural epic of the En glish people; Den mark story, 1. the age of reas on, classicism, sen time ntalism and roma nticism (no vels, prose, dramas, poetry) 2. Daniel Defoe : representative of English realistic novel; 滨逊漂

17、流记 (the development of a young manfrom a naive and artless youth to a clever and harde ned man) 3. Jonathan Swift: Gulli _ 格歹U佛游记 (fictional, satirical- human n ature, the Europea n Government, the differe nces betwee n religio ns, whole En glish state system) 4. Henry Fielding : the Father of Engli

18、sh novel; The History of Tome Jones, a Foundling 汤姆琼斯,satiric Poetry : 5. Thomas Gray : Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌 6. Alexander Pope : perfected in heroic couplet; An Essay on Criticism 论批评 7. William Blake : pre-romantic; Songs of Innonce 天真之歌，Songs of Experienee 经验之歌-Lo ndo n, The

19、Tiger 8. Robert Burns : A Red Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰 Drama: 9. Richard Brin sley Sherida n :Master of Comedy of mann ers;The School for Scan dal 造谣学校 浪漫主义时期1798-1832 1. William Wordsworth : the Lake Poets; The Prelude 序曲；I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud我似流云天自游；The Solitary Reaper孤寂的割麦女；features: poet of natur

20、e and huma n heart 2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge : the first critic of the Romantic school; The Rime of the An cie nt Mari ner 古舟子咏 Robinson Crusoe 鲁 3. George Gordon Byron : vigorous, strong and beautiful; Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 恰尔德 哈罗尔德游记(spenserian stanza, fights for liberty); Don Juan 唐 璜 (a bro

21、ad critical picture of European life); When We Two Parted昔日依依别；She Break拍吧，拍吧，拍吧；Crossing the Bar 过沙洲 Walks in Beauty 她走在美的光影中;The Isles of Greece 哀希腊 4. Percy Bysshe Shelley : Ode to the West Wind 西风颂-赞颂西风，希望与其紧密 相连；Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 (the victory for mans struggle aga inst tyranny and op

22、pressi on) 5. John Keats : sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery; Ode to a Nightingale 夜 莺颂；Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂 6. Walter Scott : Father of Historical Novel; combine historical fact and romantic imag in ati on 7. Jane Austen : wit, dry humour, subtle irony,realistic; Pride and Prejudice 傲 慢与

23、偏见(Elizabeth and Darcy) ； Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感；Emma爱玛 8. Charles Lamb : Poor Relations 穷亲戚；Dream-children 童年梦幻；A Reverie 幻想曲 维多利亚时期 1. summit : realistic novel 2. Charles Dicke ns : critical realist writer; humour, wit, happy endin gs; A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 (London & Paris, where there

24、 is oppressi on, there is revolution); David Copperfield 大卫 科波菲尔；Oliver Twist雾都孤儿；Hard Time 艰难时世；Great Expectations 远大前程；Dombey and Son董贝父子；Pickwick Papers匹克威克外传 3. William Makepeace Thackeray : Vanity Fair 名禾U场 (to satirize the social more, decadence and corruption of his time; to criticize the val

25、ues measured by wealth) Break拍吧，拍吧，拍吧；Crossing the Bar 过沙洲 4. George Eliot : novelist, her novels are celebrated for their realism and psychological in sights; AdamBede亚当 比德(social in equality) ； The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner 织工马南 5. Alfred Tennyson : succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laurea

26、te in 1850; Break, Break, 6. Robert Browning : dramatic monologues; My Last Duchess 7. The Bronte Sisters : Charlotte: Jane Eyre 简爱：简爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会 底层，受尽磨难。但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。 小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和 深刻细腻的心理描写， 引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历， 歌颂了摆脱一切 旧习俗和偏见。扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情， 具有强烈的震撼心灵的 艺术力量。其最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗， 敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。 Emily: Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄：描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后， 因受辱和恋爱不遂，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复 的故事。 Anne: Agnes Gray 安格尼斯