一般将来时时态用法讲解

1、般将来时时态1. 一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常用时间副词tomorrow, soon 或短语 next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime做状语.如：What will you do this afternoon 你今天下午干什么We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会.He is going to study abroad (到国外)next year.明年他要出国学习.2. 一般将来时的结构及应用(1) shall / wi

2、ll +动词原形.表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态.特别是表示客 观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情,只能用此结构.如：What shall we do if he doesn如：!ome 来,我们该怎么办W川you be free this evening 今天晚上有空吗I think he will tell us the truth (真相).我想他会告诉我们真实情况的.(2) be going to +动词原形.表示已经方案或安排好了的事情,也可表示有迹 象说明肯定要发生的事情.如：We are going to have a meeting to discuss (讨论)the mat

3、ter this evening.今天晚 上开会讨论这件事情.Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon.看看那边的 乌云,我想天要下雨了.There is going to be an English evening this week.本周要举行一个英语晚会.(3) be +现在分词.表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态.这个句型中动词主要 是瞬间动词： come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borro

4、w, buy 等.如：Go ahead, and I m comin前面一点吧,我就来.The dog is dying.那条狗要死了.Hurry up. The shop is closing.快点,商店就要关门了.(4) 一般现在时.表示一种严格根据方案进行的动作.比方说,上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等.如：Don t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight?要匆忙,回忆点过一 刻开始.The bus goes back at four thirty.汽车四点返回.稳固练习：一、用所给动词的适当形式填空Lei tells me he(

5、visit)the Great Wall(长城)this weekend.mother(buy)me a pair of new trousers tomorrow.says she(leave)soon.(go) skating if it doesn t rain next Sunday.(be)an English evening next week.over, and you(get)a good idea.7. Jim(have)a picnic next Monday-No, he.二、改错：每处划线中有错误,在题后改正will sing anddancesfor us tomor

6、row.you going to swimYes, Iwill.will help Jim with his Englishevery day.her sistersingsa song for me tomorrow二plant trees next week.they going toplaysbasketball tomorrowgo to visit the factory tomorrowbe going tomake dumplings for Emma.the boys going to the Great Wall next monthYes, theywiU_三、句型转换：J

7、imis going to play clean the windowsnext week.否认句： 一般疑问句： 两答复： 特殊疑问句： 四、选择题()1. Are you going to our English teamYes, I am.A. take part inB. joinC. took part in D. joined( )2. Xu Xia and her teammates are the USA next week.A. leaving forB. leave forC. leaveD. left( )3. There an English party in our

8、class next week.A. is going to have B. is going to beC. will have D. Have()4. If it tomorrow, we will go to the park.A. isn t rain B. don t rain C. doesn t rain D. won t rain()5. There a football match next week. Shall we go and watch itA. will have B. hasC. haveD. will be“Would you mind doing句型透视mi

9、nd用作动词时,习惯后接动名词(短语)作宾语,而不接动词不定式,常 用于 Would you mind doing 句型中,具体用法是：1 . “Would you mind doing句型常用于表示请求,意思是 请你做你是否介意、请你做好吗,是一种比拟客气的表达方式.如：Would you mind turning off the light in the room 请你把房间里的灯关掉好吗 如果要表示 请你不要做你是否介意、请你不要做 好吗,只需要在doing前面加上not.如：Would you mind not standing in front of me请你不要站在我的前面好吗2

10、.如果同意,表示不介意时,可用如下用语来表达：Certainly/Of course not./Not at all./No, not at all; 如果不同意,表示介意 时,常用“Sorry/I m sor寸不起)及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对.如： Would you mind going to the movies this evening 今晚去看电影好吗 I m sorry. But I haven对不起,我的作业还没有完成hecfirriy homework yet.学习时还要注意：1. “Would you mind doing句型中的would也可用do代替,但语气较生 硬,

11、不如用would客气.2. “Would you mind doing句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you.如果想要对方允许自己做某事,可用 “Would you mind my doing 句型,如：Would you mind my smoking here你介意我在这里吸烟吗稳固练习：一、用下面提供的短语完成句子.1. help me wash my clothesWould you mind2. give her a cup of teaWould you mind3. help him mend his carDo you have4. walk on the roadWould

12、you mind on the road二、选择题5. )1. Would you mind us in the gameNot at all.A. joining B. joinC. join inD. joining in()2. Would you like to climb mountains with me this SundayI d love to. But I play table tennis against Class Three.A. am going B. am going to C. amD. going to()3. Would you mind hereI m s

13、orry about that. I ll go somewhere else.A. no smoking B. not smoking C. no smoke D. not smoke1. had better的根本用法特点其意为最好、应该,后接动词原形,与情态动词should用法相似,其中的had通常缩略为d：You d better get some sleep你最好去睡一会儿.Wego before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去.2. had better如何构成否认式和疑问式构成否认式时,通常将not置于had better之后而不是had之后；而构成疑问式时,那么通常将h

14、ad而不是had better置于主语之前：I better not disturb him .我最好别去打搅他.What had we better do我们最好怎么办练习题1. I m afraid you have a cold. You d better go to see a doctor.A. No, I have no time.B. That s a good idea.C. It s very kind of you.D. I m sorry to hear that.()2. Im fat. What should I doYou d better eat meat and

15、 fruits.A. less; more B. less; less C. more; less D. more; more ()3. You had better ask your brother playing computer games. Itbad for him.A. to give up B. not to give up C. to give it up D. not give it up ()4. I have a stomachache. What should I doYou drink sweet water and eat sweet food.A. had bet

16、ter not; shouldn t B. should; had betterC. had better; had betterD. shouldn t; should()5. I have a toothache.You should.A. drink lots of waterB. take a restC. see a dentistD. have a good sleep情态动词的根本用法归纳情态动词有 can could, may might, must, have to, shall should, will would, need needed, ought t冷.情态动词无人

17、称和数的变化；不能单独使 用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语.一、 can, could1 .表示水平体力、知识、技能.Can you lift this heavy box 体力Mary can speak three languages.知识Can you skate 技能2 .表示请求和允许.Can I go nowYes, you can. / No, you can t.此时可与may互换.在疑问句中还可用 could,might代替,不是过去式, 只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中.Could I come to see you tomorrowYes, you can. No,

18、 I m afraid not.3 .表示客观可能性客观原因形成的水平.They ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4 .表示推测惊讶、疑心、不相信的态度,用于疑问旬、否认句和感慨句 中.Can this be trueThis can t be done by him.How can this be true2、 may, might1 .表示请求和允许.might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式.否认答复 时可用can或mustn ,t表示

19、 不可以,禁止- -Might/ May I smoke in this room- -No, you mustn t.- -May/Might I take this book out of the room- - Yes, you can. (No, you can t / mustn t.)用May I.征徇对方许可时比拟正式和客气,而用 Can I在口语中更常 见.2 .用于祈使句,表示祝愿.May you succeed!3 .表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句).might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小.1. He may /might be very busy now.2.

20、Your mother may /might not know the truth.3、 must, have to1 .表示必须、必要.You must come in time.在答复引出的问句时,如果是否认的,不能用mustn 禁止,不准),而用 needn t, don t haveto2O .-Must we hand in our exercise books todayYes, you must.- No, you don t have to / you needn t.2. must是说话人的主观看法,而have to那么强调客观需要.must只有一般现在时,have to有更

21、多的时态形式.1) he play isn t interesting, I really must go now.2) I had to work when I was your age.3.表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述旬)1) You re Tom s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2) Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问旬、否认旬.在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should 代替.1) You n

22、eedn t come so early.2) - Need I finish the work today- Yes, you must. / No, you needn t.2. need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化.而 need后面只能接带to的不定式.He needs to finish his homework today.5、 shall, should用于第一人称,征求对方的意见.What shall we do this evening用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁.1) .You shall fail if you don t work

23、hard鬻告)2) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3) He shall be punished.假胁)6、 will, would1 .表示请求、建议等,would更委婉.Will / Would you pass me the ball, please1.1. 小意志、愿望和决心.1 ) . I will never do that again.2 .) They asked him if he would go abroad.3. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向.would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式,且没有 现已

24、无此习惯的含义.1) . During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2) . The wound would not heal. 七、should表示应该1 ) . I should help her because she is in trouble.2 .表示推测should ,(客观推测),must(主观推测).1) .He must be home by now.断定他已到家)2) He ought to/should be home by now.太肯定)3) This is where the oil must b

25、e.(fi 爽)4) This is where the oil ought to/should be.含蓄) 练习题()1. May I ask you some questions, Dr. WangA. You rewelcome.B. Sure, go ahead.C. No, I mbusy.D. Yes, you must.()2. Must I take part in the activityNo, you. You re too young. You should look after yourself.A. mustn tB. don tC. can t D. dont h

26、ave to( )3. May I watch TV, Mom I m afraid you.A. should not B. can tC. must notD. may not( )4. Must we keep the window all the timeNo, you don t have to.A. opening B. openedC. to openD. open()5. Must I take the medicine every day No, you.A. mustB. mustn t C. needn t D. can t()6. My mother is ill. I

27、 stay at home to take care of her.A. canB. mayC. have toD. maybe()7. May I use your dictionary, LilySure,.A. go ahead B. you can ask Bill C. you can t D. that s all right反身代词用法归纳一、反身代词的根本形式反身代词是oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself,himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves形

28、式.二、oneself与 himself当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself,在美国英语中也可用himself:One should not praise oneself himself. 一个人不应该自吹自擂.三、反身代词的句法功能：1 .用作同位语增强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末:The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重.Martin himself attended the sick man.马丁亲自照顾病人.2 .用作宾语动词或介词的宾语：Take good care of yourself.照顾好自己.She coul

29、d not make herself understood她不能使另人听懂她的话.The child cried himself to sleep.孩子哭着哭着睡着了.3 .用作表语The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己.The ones who really want it are ourselves.真正想要它的是我们 自己.代词列表人称代词主格人称代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselfyourselvessheherherhersh

30、erselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves主格做主语宾格做宾语放在动词介词放在名词前/、可单独用替代形代十名词by后接反身代词后/、可与名词连 用()1. He plays basketball so well! Who taught He learnt it by.A. him; himteamB. himself; himself C. him; himselfD. himself; himmatch要求四会的单词名词体育运动baseballfootballtennisskatingrowing

31、cyclingbasketballsoccer人物或称谓类personplayermusicianscientistpilotpolicemanpolicewomanpostmanfishermanherograndfathergrandmothergrandparents物品类basketcuppapergoldrecordbrushring处所类grasstheatre/theatermuseumfactory身体健康类bodyhealthtoothacheheadachefevercoughstomachache)illnessmedicineheart食品饮料类coffeeteacan

32、dyfruitsugartomato+espotato+essaltwatermelonsandwichstrawberrybeefbiscuitmeal时间类agecenturyweekend文化信息类knowledgemessagepassagec其他ultureshowerpityfact careadvice(a piece of advice)newsarticleworldsmokeriskquestionhabitwarintroductionnotesmilepeacesouthmiddletaxianswerlittervoicescorelinephoneexamplesk

33、illpointchancesuggestionmindsidedreamfuturefriendshipjump形容词或副词partweakstrongleast ? mostpopular? unpopularhealthy =fit川fat? thindirty cleanuseful ?uselessdark? brighthungry fulldeadalivecheap ? expensive=deartrue? falsecorrect 一wrongpossible? impossiblequiteexcited /excitingtired/tiringcertainlybad

34、lyreallyfinallyevenfamousmadangrymainsuccessfulenoughterribleseriousstillfunnyactivemodernnecessary动词：wincheerrowjoinskatecycledreamgrowspendjumprelaxleavekickpassthrowfightenjoy/practice/ finish/ mind+doing sth.advisekillinventbecomefollowholdscoreinformationwebsiteInternetdictionarypointhithearrin

35、gstandfeelbreakrecordsuggestliftboilbrushliecrycarecheckworrycausesmoketasteforceriskbuildhappen介词againstthroughwithoutoffexcept词组荟萃名词词组table tennisthe day after tomorrowday and nightice creampotato chipsfirst aidrelay race动词词组cheer.ongrow upbe good forbe good at=do well in ?- do badly in take part

36、inkeep fitleave forfall 川give sb. a handshout at sb.do one s best=try one s best be angry withtalk aboutcome into beingstand forhave a coldlie downworry aboutgo aheadbuild sb. uptake care of介词词组及其他for exampleat leastin factas.as possiblein the futureon the other handinstead ofall overat first课本中出现的词

37、组或搭配归纳be able to be surebe interested in see sb. do/doing sthjoin the school rowing teamjoin sbspend . doing sththe high jumpthe long jump turn . into.makesb./sth. +adj.all over the world help sb. do sthplay againsthave funthe most popular sportsstop sb from doing sth. such as/for examplehundreds of

38、 yearsthe boys -m00ter race lots of = a lot ofmake friends with sb.look/ get well/better take medicinewin the first placenext timetake one s advicefeel like doing sth.go upgo outfall downnothing seriousstay uphave a good restdo morning/eye exercisestell/ask sb to do sth.take/have a bathhave/take a r

39、estgive upshow sb. sth.= show sth. to sb.too much重句大本营1. What are you going to do I m going to play basketball.2. Would you like to come and cheer us on Sure, I d love to.3. Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowingI prefer rowing.4. Are you going to join the school rowing team Yes, I am./ No, I

40、 m not.5. What s your favorite sport, Basketball, of course.6. IWhd s your favorite playerLeBron James.7. What are you going to be when you grow up 一I m going to be a scientist.8. Why do you like playing soccer Because it makes him strongand it s popular all over the world.9. , could you help me(=gi

41、ve me a hand), pleaseSure.10. W川 you join usI d be glad to.11. Would you mind teaching me Not at all. You can do it!12. Would you mind not putting your bike here Sorry. I ,ll psbmewhere else.13. , I am sorry for what I said.优语从句) It s nothing.14. Will you take part in the school sports meetOf course

42、 I will.15. Which sport will you take part inThe boys 8mteter race.16. Hello, is inSpeaking.17. What shall we takeWe ll take our sports clothes and sports shoes.18. Shall I take my camera- Good idea! It ll be fun19. When shall we meetLet naake it half past six.20. Where shall we meetAt my house.21. Hello,! You don t look well. What s wrong with you=What matter with you=What is the matter with youI have a toothache/backache/stomacha