高一英语英语必修3Unit1语法情态动词课件

1、2021/3/261Modal Verbs Modal Verbs Unit 1Unit 12021/3/262情态动词表示说话人的某种情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气感情或语气, ,对某一动作对某一动作或状态的某种态度。或状态的某种态度。表示表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必须、应当必须、应当”等。等。 什么是情态动词什么是情态动词? ? (Modal Verbs)(Modal Verbs)can/could, may/might, must/ have to, shall/should (ought to), will/would need, dare/dared2021/3/263 情态

2、动词的特点情态动词的特点:1.情态动词自身都有一定的意义情态动词自身都有一定的意义,但不能表示正在发生或已经发生的但不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情事情,只表示期待或估计某事发生。只表示期待或估计某事发生。2.情态动词除情态动词除ought和和have外外,后后面必须接不带面必须接不带to的不定式。的不定式。3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也没有非谓语形式。也没有非谓语形式。2021/3/264 1. can的主要用法是的主要用法是: A. 表能力表能力 eg. The girl can dance very well. be able to 通过努力做成某事通过努力

3、做成某事 He was able to reach Mount Qomolangma in 2000. B. 表示说话者的推测表示说话者的推测事物的可能性事物的可能性:(否、疑）否、疑） eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许可以表示请求或允许: eg. Can I sit here? 1. can和和could2021/3/2652. could的主要用法是的主要用法是: A. could 是是can的过去式的过去式, 表示与过去表示与过去 有关的能力有关的能力和推测和推测: We all knew that the young

4、 man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替可以代替can表示请求表示请求, 但语气较但语气较can客气、客气、委婉委婉:could 提问提问,答语用答语用can -Could I borrow your pen?-yes, you can.2021/3/266may 常用来表示常用来表示: 1. 在正式文体中表示请求、允许（在正式文体中表示请求、允许（比比can正式）正式）: eg. May I come in ? You may go now. 2. 表示说话人的猜测表示说话人的猜测: “也许也许” “可能可能”: 通常只通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。用于肯定

5、句和否定句中。The guest may arrive this afternoon.-Can he attend the meeting?-Yes, he_. I am not sure.2.may和和mightmay2021/3/2673. 表示祝愿表示祝愿,位于句首位于句首 eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! 4. may as well=had better do (最好做某事）最好做某事） Youd better take notes carefully. You may as well take notes caref

6、ully. 2021/3/2683.will和和wouldwill是助动词是助动词还还是情态动词是情态动词? will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一件重要的事情。我要告诉你一件重要的事情。 情态动词情态动词:1.表意愿或意志表意愿或意志 I will never do it again. If you will marry me, whatever I have is yours, and mines is yours.2021/3/269 2.提出提出 请求或建议请求或建议 ,在

7、疑问句中用于第二人称。在疑问句中用于第二人称。 eg: If you want help, let me know, will you? Will you type this, please? 祈使句问句与答语一般用祈使句问句与答语一般用will Open the door, will you? - Please come to my party. - Yes, I will3. 表习惯或必然结果表习惯或必然结果 Fish will die without water. I will go to see my former classmates on weekends. 2021/3/2610

8、would & used to (过去常常过去常常,习惯于）习惯于）would 现在有可能做现在有可能做,也有可能不做也有可能不做used to 现在一定没有做现在一定没有做There used to be a big tree.I would go to the library when I was free.I _ to cry when I was a child.used to2021/3/26114.shall和和should shall 用法用法 1. shall表征求意见表征求意见,用于一三人称用于一三人称 疑问句中疑问句中 Shall we go by train, M

9、om? Shall he attend the meeting?2.用于二用于二 三人称三人称 的陈述句中的陈述句中,表威胁警告命令允诺等语气表威胁警告命令允诺等语气 You shall get a present when I came back. You shall be punished if you break the rules.2021/3/2612should 用法用法1.应该应该=ought to2. You should study hard.3.2. 表万一表万一,多位于句首。多位于句首。4. Should he come, I would let you know.5.3

10、. “居然居然”,“竟然竟然”,表说话人意料之外。表说话人意料之外。6. 针对现在针对现在- + V原原7. 针对过去针对过去- should have done8. To my surprise, he should be a thief.9. He should have lied to me yesterday.2021/3/26135.must的主要用的主要用法法1. 必须。必须。must表主观表主观“必须必须” have to 表客观表客观“不得不不得不” I must go home this Saturday. Ive got a cold, so I have to see a

11、 doctor. -Must I stay here? -Yes, you must./ No, you neednt./you dont have to.mustnt 表禁止表禁止,不准不准,一定不要。一定不要。 You mustnt play with fire. You mustnt take drugs. 2021/3/26142. 表表“偏要偏要”“”“偏偏偏偏”,违背说话人意愿。违背说话人意愿。 Must you talk in class? -How much do you earn? -Ill tell you if you must know it. 3. 一定一定,肯定肯定

12、 He must be crazy. He must have stayed up last night.4. 表推测的反应表推测的反应,反义疑问句中不能出现反义疑问句中不能出现must的的形式形式,反义形式取决于句中时态反义形式取决于句中时态2021/3/26151.He must be my English teacher,2. He must have finished his homework,3. It must have rained yesterday,isnt he?hasnt he?didnt it?2021/3/2616表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法肯

13、定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常见常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing2021/3/2617Practice :表示推测表示推测情态

14、动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He cant have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease

15、.8. You could be right, I suppose.2021/3/2618 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 这时这时, 我们老师想必在批改试卷。我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。你妈妈一定一直在找你。5. Mike _ his car, for he came to

16、 work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车迈克一定还没有找回他的车, 因为早上他是因为早上他是 坐公共汽车来上班的。坐公共汽车来上班的。maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been lookingPractice 2: Fill in the blanks. cant have found2021/3/2619need & dare (dared)情态动词情态动词 :need/dare do sthneed/dare not do sth 实意动词实意动词: need/dare to do sthdo

17、nt/doesnt/didnt dare to do sth（无单三形式）（无单三形式）2021/3/26201.Being afraid of making mistakes ,he _ answer his teachers question A. doesnt dare B. doesnt dare to C. darent to D. not dare to 2.Having failed the exam. The little boy _go home and face his mom. A. dares not to B. dares not C. dare not to D.

18、dare not 2021/3/2621情态动词情态动词+have done should/ought to have doneshouldnt have donemust have donecant/couldnt have donecould have doneneed have doneneednt have done(针对过去）针对过去）2021/3/2622 1 Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (2004 上海）上

19、海） A. must B. may C. can D. need2021/3/26232 Some aspects of a pilots job_ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. （2006 湖南）湖南） A. can;have to B. may;can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 2021/3/26243The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella

20、with me. (2006 江西）江西） A should have taken B could have taken C neednt have taken D mustnt have taken2021/3/26254 Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. （2007 全国全国I） A. will B. would C. should D. must 2021/3/26265 I told your friend how to get

21、to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. （2007 陕西）陕西） A. could B. must C. might D. should2021/3/26277. (10湖南湖南23) You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to8. (10江西江西23) I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A. Must B. Can C. May D.

22、 Will DA2021/3/26289. Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (2009湖南卷湖南卷) A. must B. will C. may D. need10. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. (2009 全国卷全国卷I) A. should B. would C. will D. shallAA2021/3/262911. I cant leave. She told me that

23、 I _ stay here until she comes back. (2009 全国卷全国卷II) A. can B. must C. will D. may12. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _? (2009 陕西卷陕西卷) A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt heBB2021/3/263013. - Will you go skating with me this winter vacation? - It _ . (2002上海上海) A. all depended B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending解析解析: : 答案答案B B。It all depends 是是“不确定不确定”、“看情况看情况”的意思。的意思。B2021/3/2631根据汉语完成句子。根据汉语完成句