汉英翻译教程期末考试复习要点

1、学习好资料欢迎下载1) 直译法(1)英译按原文的字面翻译，其比喻意义同原文一样生动，译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语.如：竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于 kill the goose that lays the goldeneggs)2) 打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于 wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌 to be as easy as turning over one s(hOndF as easy as falling off a l

2、og)4) 玩火自焚 to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself ( 相当于 fry in one s own grease)5)掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm (相当于 the apple of one s eye)6)对牛弓t琴 to play the lute to a cow (相当于 cast pearls before swine)7)守 口如瓶 to keep one s mouth closed like a bottled keep a still tongue in one s head)8) 雪中送炭 to s

3、end charcoal in snowy weather (相当于 help a lame dog over a stile)9)画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it(相当于 paint the lily)(2)不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语，但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义.如：1) 声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west2)亥U骨铭心 to be engraved on one s heart and bones3)井底之蛙 to be like a frog

4、at the bottom of a well4)调虎离山 to lure the tiger from the mountain5) 口 蜜腹佥 U to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted2.意译法如：手忙脚乱in a frantic rush立竿见影 get instant results它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。1) 粗枝大叶：with big branches and large leaves to be crude and careless2) 无孔不入 to take advantage of eve

5、ry weakness to get into every hole3) 扬眉吐气 to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath to feel proud and elated) 灯红酒绿 with red lights and green wine dissipated and luxurious5) 大张旗鼓 to make a great array of flags and drums on a large and spectacular scale6) 海阔天空(to talk) at random with a vast sea and a

6、 boundless sky7) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable the wind and rain are rocking有一部分汉语成语带着一定的中国文化背景，有的成语在字面上就含中国古代的人名，地名，有的出自寓言或历史的典故.对这部分成语，字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的.如加上解释性文字，就失去了成语精练的特点.我们最好的办法就是绕开其文化背景，直接译出其真正的内含意义.1) 毛遂自 荐 to volunteer one s service2) 叶公好龙 professed love of what one really fears3) 南柯一梦

7、 a fond dream or illusory joy4)四面楚歌 to be besieged on all sides5) 锚铢必较 to haggle over every penny6) 罄竹又t书(of crime) too numerous to mention7) 初出茅庐 at the beginning of one s career学习好资料欢迎下载8)倾国倾城 to be exceedingly beautiful9) 悬梁刺股 to be extremely hard-working in one s study10) 东施效颦 crude imitation wi

8、th ludicrous effect3 .套译法。指套用译语中某个与汉语成语喻义相近的成语来进行翻译的方法。可分为：1）两个成语的字面意义和蕴含意义基本一致。如：赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water 七颠倒 at sixes and sevens滴水穿石 constant dripping wears away the stone垂头丧气 in low spirits 杂乱无章 out of order英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.2）两个成语的比喻形象有所差异，但比喻意义基本一致。如：小题大做 make a mountain out o

9、f a molehill洗心革面 turn over a new leaf 过河拆桥 kick down the ladder孚L臭未干 be wet behind the ears, 格格不入 be like square pegs in round holes大发雷霆 blow one s top行霸道 throw one s weight about物以类聚 Birds of a feather flock together.文不名 without a penny to one s name弱不禁风 as weak as water 山穷水尽 at the end of one s ro

10、pe扬眉吐气 to hold one s head high3）汉语成语原本是翻译的产物，因此可直接以英语成语回译之。如：君子协定 a gentleman s agreement不生苔 A rolling stone gathers no moss.吠犬不咬人 A barking dog never bites.火中取栗 pull the chestnuts out of the fire4 .加注法。它是在译文中添加读者理解成语所需的文化信息和背景知识，其特点在于既能保 留成语的比喻形象和文化蕴含，又能确保译文容易为译语读者所理解接受。5 .增译法。指在译文中直接增补理解成语所需的相关信息。

11、总而言之，翻译汉语成语时，为了保留原文形象，能直译则尽量直译，即按字面翻 译；不能直译时，我们也不能因词害义，可以翻译其实际意义；如能在英文中找到意义完全 对等的成语，我们也可采用这种套译法。一般来说，正规文体中，汉语成语多采用形象的逐字翻译；非正规文体中，多采用简洁的大意翻译。.6.2四字格的翻译策略四字格又称四字结构，是汉语的一种独特的词汇现象。它是由四个汉字组成的词语。其词语内部的组合关系也相对稳定。四字格包括汉语中所有四个字组成的词语结构，也就包括了四字成语。虽然成 语也有三字成语和多字成语，但大多数成语是四字结构，因此四字格和成语的翻译方法有不 少共同之处。但值得注意的是，有不少四字

12、结构或前后两部分意义重复，或前后两部分只具备整体意义。翻译时只需译出一个意义或整体意义，以避免译文累赘。如生动活泼lively光辉灿烂 brilliant植树造林 afforestation繁荣昌盛 prosperous丰功伟绩 great achievements 风调雨顺 good weather for the crops声嘶力竭 o shout oneself hoarse 心、灰意懒 to feel disheartened 鸡皮疙瘩 goose-flesh学习好资料欢迎下载天长地久 as old as the hills总之，四字格的翻译是灵活多样的，既要照顾形式，也不必拘泥于形式

13、。但也不能完全不顾 形式造成滥译和误译，必须以语义相符、功能相似为客观标准，尽可能使译文自然、贴切， 可读性强。如以下四字格及供参考译文：质地优良 to be excellent in quality / with superior quality品种齐全 in complete range of articles选料考究 choice material做工精细 fine workmanship色泽鲜明 bright-colored货到付款 payment against arrival名牌产品 name brand product驰名中夕卜 to be popular both at hom

14、e and abroad 久负盛名 with a long standing reputation万古流芳 will be remembered throughout the age名垂青史 to go down in history 家喻户晓 o be widely known 假冒产品 fake goods 伪劣产品 low-quality goods 欢迎订购 order welcome 投资热点 investment hot spot 敬请光临 You re nvited to come.工业园区 industrial Park 经济特区 special economic zone 土

15、地租赁 land lease 国有资产 state assets 无形资产 intangible assets 物价指数 price-rise index 开拓进取 to work hard with a pioneering spirit 德才兼备 with both professional ability and political integrity 公平竞争 fair competition 国家机关 state agency 惩治腐败 to combat corruption 暂行条例 interim regulations 合法权益 lawful right and intere

16、st 长治久安 to maintain long-term stability3.6.2.谚语的翻译（一）直译方法，把原文的内容，形式和精神都输入到译文中去，努力减少翻译中的损失。1）明枪易躲，暗箭难防It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding.2）城门失火，殃及池鱼a fire on city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.3）路谣知马力，日久见人心.As a long road tests

17、a horse s strength, so a long task proves a person s heart4）初生牛犊不怕虎.New-born calves make little of tigers.5）落井一F石 Hit a man when he is down.6）天下乌鸦一般黑 All crows are equally black.7）秀才不出门，全知天下事。Without stepping outside his gate, the scholar knows all the wide world s affairs.（二）意译1）众人拾柴火焰高 Many hands

18、make light work.2） 此地无车艮三百两 .a. A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence. b. no 300 taels of silver buried here.3） 君子言，斗四马难追 A word spoken is past recalling4） 生灵涂炭plunge the people into misery and suffering（三）套译：一方面可使译文更加通顺；另一方面更容易为译文读者理解和接受1） 三思而后行.Look before yo

19、u leap.（直译：think thrice and then do it.）2）爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog.3） 心有余而力不足The spirit is willing but the flesh isweak.4） 猫哭老鼠 to shed crocodile tears.5） 笨鸟先飞 The early bird catches the worm.6） 新官上任三把火A new broom sweeps clean. 7） 人靠衣裳马靠鞍A tailor makes the man.学习好资料欢迎下载8） 一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳A burnt child dre

20、ads the fire.1）大伯笑呵呵地对我说：我们北方人都喜欢睡炕，你也将就点吧.俗话说：大乡随俗嘛.Uncle said to me smilingly,“ we northerners like to sleep on our kangSiOVouto put up llwith it. As the proverb goes, Do as the Romans do .”2）谋事在人，成事在天”，咱们谋到了，靠菩萨的保佑，有些机会，也未可知。（红楼梦第六回）Man proposes, God disposes. Work out a plan, trust to Buddha, an

21、d something may come out of it for all you know.3.6.3惯用语的翻译（一）.惯用语的直译1）连根拔 tear up by the roots 2）走后门 get in by the backdoor3）走下坡路 go downhill 4） 一窝蜂 like a swarm of bees5）及时雨 timely rain 6）九牛二虎之力the strength of nine bulls and two tigers7） 病急舌L投医turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill.（二

22、）部分直译的惯用语.（除了直译外，需加译）.例：1） 卷铺盖 pack up and quit 2） 饱眼福 feast one s eyes on sth3）朵 whisper in sb s ear4） 扇阴风，点鬼火 fan the winds of evil and spread the fires of turmoil （三）惯用语的意译.1）门外汉 a man outside the gate - a layman5） 小广播 a small broadcast station fspreading of hearsay information6） 风凉话 cold words f irresponsible and sarcastic remarks7） 扣帽子 put a cap on sb. f put a label on sb.8） 寻短见 look for a short viewf commit 或ictaee one s own life有些习惯用语有很浓的中国文化色彩，有的含有中国历史典故或古代人名，有的涉及中国地 名或宗教，若按照字面直译