托福写作总结tony老师

1、托福写作总结托福测试的介绍:综合写作(integrated )20分钟 主要靠听力Write理想分数34分独立写作(independent ) 30分钟理想字数350字/25分钟理想分数45分算分方法：(integrated + independent)/2*6POOL:熟练掌握题库185道题目,最少读三遍,对题目进行分类(合并题目,掌握热点)EducationLearning托福测试热点EnvironmentLessons in lifeModern technologyMass media独立写作的框架:DefinitionHistoControversyImportance1. Intr

2、oductionQuotationBridgeMain point百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我Hook常用表达:1. Contrary to /what most people believe, ( ) are not a modern concept.History2. () have a venerable history, dating back to thousands ofyears ago.3. ( ) have a history nearly as long as human civilization itself.4. Ancientcavemen ().These ac

3、tivities can be seen as the earliestforms of ().Chinese/ ancient Egyptians/ ancient Indians/22).).1. ( ) be playing an increasingly important role in (2. () be an indispensable part in (3. () has/ve had enormous (tremendous) impacts (influences/effects) onevery aspect (fact) of ().Explanation4. () h

4、as/ve evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry.1. Opinions about () s effects on () have varied.J 2. Has created considerable controversy in/among ().厂Native 外乡化(sb ), on of the greater and most influential (most brilliant, foremost ) Chinese / (philosophers, scholars, educators, thinkers, write

5、rs, artists,statesmen, military, leaders, scientists - )(of the 20 th century) remarked(commented, has(put it), ""(Imagination 厂 (Mencius) history is a clear mirror, historyis a bright lamp, history is a wise teacher.百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我(Confucius 子曰)具体内容见讲义附录Introduction 除了用hook之外,还可以用questio

6、n (bridge)的格式来写.Bridge / quotation (hook)Main pointMP的常用表达 设问法厂 questionis "2. () constantly find themselves confronted.J 虚拟观点 some educators argue that adolescentsare encourage to study more.point 设问答复下列问题)I believe the answer is yes (no).j 虚拟观点I (dis)agree with this opinion, the reasonsare as

7、 follows.:Sub point 分论点连接词: Logical word: 厂 First (to begin with, for starters)SecondL Finally (last, but not least)并歹 U: besides, in addition to (prep)In addition, furthermore, moreover (adv)递进： more important, most important, about all (adv)、(副词后面不能加名词)/转折:but, yet, however让步:although, though, des

8、pite, the fact that比照： on the one hand, on the other hand3. Conclusion:/Logical word:/All in all, in a nutshell, in summary, in conclusionParaphraseMP & gist sentence 排比方式讲义上有例子33百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我Final comments:Suggestion /、Quotation (如果开头用了名人,结尾可以用身边的人)Positive:/As (name), (), has wisely put it,

9、 " makthe best of every thing.we should explore its benefits (advantages) to the full extent to serve the best interests of ().Negative:As (name), ( ), has wisely put it,") (' it, is high time (it isimperative) to take effective measures to reduce its negative impacts (address the prob

10、lem) to promote (ensure) the interests (well- being) of ().Positive & negative(Name), ( ), has wisely put it, " everything has its good and evil sides/( ) is a double- edged sword . as a result, we should - and, in the meantime, - to -写作细节：、point如何确立？根据题库可将作文题目分成四类：1.1A+-型：一个事物的正负面影响Example

11、 154HookImp + controBridgeParents and educators find themselves constantly confrontment with the question," are 问题？A+MPI believe the answer is yes.A+1Provide incentivesA+2Improve on weaknessesA+344百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我ConA-MPI believe the answer is no.A-1Create excessive stressA-2Harm all around dev

12、elopmentA-3ConA+>A-MPI believe the answer is a qualified yes, despite some negative consequences, scores often far more benefit.A+1A+2A-1A->A+MPI believe the answer is a qualified no, despite some benefit consequences, scores often far more negative.A+>A-/+ ； although; despite the fact that

13、; despite.Example:Although/despite the fact that it gives rise to problems and challenges, A brings greater benefits.Despite some problems and challenges, A brings greater benefits.Example 144A+-、MPI believe the answer is yes and no. scores are mixed blessings.On the one handA+ on the one hand, scor

14、es encourages students to study harder.A+1.A+2 -On the other handA- on the other hand, scores can have negative consequences.A-1A-2-Example 74HookImp + contro55百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我Bridge设问A-MPI agree with this opinion.A-1Harms healthA-2Impacts learningA-3Leads to rises in crimesConA+MP /I disagree with

15、this opinion.A+1Disseminate interA+2Enhance learningA+3Improve friendshipConA->A+MPBasically (Essentially) , I agree with this opinion. Although it offers some benefits, television has far more negative impacts.A-1A-2A+1A+-MPI believe television is a mixed blession.On the one hand, A+On the one h

16、and, A-CasebycaseSMPMy stance should be determined on a case by case basis.Educational programs promote the development of adolescents.Case1Discovery series scientific facts and theoriesCase2Family album language learningInappropriate or indecent programs have harmful effects.Case1Smoking scene harm

17、 healthCase2Sex and violence content commitCon66百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我型：两个不同的事物选择Example 78A-outdoor; B-indoorA(1)MPI believe outdoor activities are superior.A+1Enjoy a congenial environment.A+2,Have more physical activities.A+3Exciting and thrilling. (bungee jumping)ConA(2)MPA+1A+2B-1Undermine health.A(3

18、)MPAlthough indoor activities have their merits, I believe outdoor activists are superior because they have greater benefits.A+1A+2B+1B(1)MPIndoor activities are better choices.B+1ConvenientB+2ComfortableB+3SafeConB(2)MPIndoor activitiesB+1B+2A-1DangerousConB(3)MPAlthough outdoor activities have the

19、ir merits, I believe indoor activists are superior because they have greater benefits.77百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我B+1B+2A+1ConCasebycaseMPThe answer to that question should be determined on a case by case basis.In many cases, outdoor activities are better choices.Case1Case2However, in many other cases, indoor

20、 activities are preferable.Case1Case21.3 A?型:Example 182MPI believe there are mainly three reasons why people are attracted to dangerous activities.Sp1Sp2Sp3Example 43MP I can learn three aspects of a country from watching its movies.Sp1Learn about the lives of famous people.Sp2Important historical

21、events.Sp3Delicious food.型：分解成A+-/AB 型题目来做Example 06-10-28 renewable resources of energy will soon replace the old resourcesof fossil fuels.MPI believe fossil fuels will be replaced by renewable energy88百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我eventually but not soon.A+Cheaper cleanerB-Expensive pollutionA-UnreliableConExam

22、ple 07-12-01 people should not have to pay for public transportation.MPI believe the answer is qualified yes.A+1Reduce pollutionA+2Reduce congestionA+3Save money for residentsA-1Impose financial burden on city authoritiesBOther effective opinions lower ctiarges2. Brainstorm Sps厂 ConvincingRequiremen

23、tDevelopable3 sub pointsWay 1: Bias (有倾向性的观点)(Convincing, Developable) FactsWay2: Segmentation(Developable, 3Sps)Way3: ConcretionAbstractWay4: Two-side MPOne-sideExample 17MPThe answer is no.A-1Judging by looks leads to terrible mistakes about a person99百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我content.A-2Judging by looks is

24、 equal to discrimination.Example 43 见上Example 115A+1Teach their elders how to use a computer/ skater.Example 114A+1Novels give more freedom for imagination.A+2Novels are more convenient to read.A+3Novels are cheaper.Example 56Sp1Relieve loneness.Sp2Achieve difficult tasks.Sp3Contribute to democracy.

25、Sp4Make money.Example171A+1In some cases dress dose reflect taste and personality.3. Universal sub-point(常用观点)Cheap:1) Economical2) Cost less /save money3) Relieve financial burdenl匚/Expensive:/1) Cost a lot2) Impose financial burden/附： Direct costsIndirect costs (traveling costs) / (间接费用)次性投入少也有可能

26、expensive: 1) Long-term cost (maintenance costs)( 供车)2) External costs (pollution)1010百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我一次性投入多也有可能Cheap: 1) produce financial gains ( 增值)2) Contribute to economy3) Provide job opportunities (提供就业时机)Fme saving:1) Fast, expeditionsL Time consuming:1) Be a waste of time3.3Safe:1) Reduce t

27、he risk of suffering.From physical injuries accidents, crime, or financial, losses.' Dangerous/risky:1) Heighten the risks of sufferingFrom physical injuries accidents, crime, or financial, losses.Convenient (1):1) Be convenient to use be used anywhere at anytime not need for special equipment.I

28、nconvenient:Convenient (2):1) Be convenient to live provide easy access to transportation means and facilities.Inconvenient3.6£ Healthy:11111) Provide sb with opportunities to engage in physicalactivities.2) Promote the physical healthy and development ofadolescents.3) Reduce the risks of vario

29、us diseases.Unhealthy:(high blood pressure 高血压;obesity 发胖)糖尿病1) Decrease physical activities and make life increasinglysedentary under mine. (type 2 diabetes百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我2) Heighten the risk of various diseases.Healthy (心理)：1) Reduce excessive emotional (mental, acatiemic) stress and help people

30、to relax.-Unhealthy:/1) Create excessive stress.2) Lead to negative mental and physical state (stressed, anxious, depressed fatigued).Healthy:1) Hygienic(卫生)2) Be free of bacterium.3) Reduce the risks of contracting diseases.-Unhealthy:1) Be polluted with bacterium heighten the risks of contracting

31、diseases.Enhance learning (1):1) Make the learning process more efficient and interesting.Enhance learning (2):1) Improve concentration and boost efficiency.2) Impede learning3) DistractPromote all-around development:1) Help people build strong character (persistence, couraindependence).2) Master es

32、sential life skills.3) Communicationskills, problem-solvingskills, organizingskills,leadership)Add fun to life:1) Serve as healthy means of entertainment.2) Develop healthy interests and hobbies.1212百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我Foster patriotism:(爱国主义教育)1) Contribute to abetter( 煽动者)2) Understanding and apprecia

33、tion of native culture& historyand foster national pride.Promote understanding of alien cultures:/1) Contribute to a better understanding and appreciation ofdistinct alien cultures and histories./ Establish friendship:1) Meet people of diverse backgrounds, widen one s circle of friends, and buil

34、d social connection.Improve friendship:1) Provide topics of common interests.2) Keep in close touch with friends.Improve family relationship:Estrange family relationship:Decrease quality time spent with family members.3.17 Environment friendly ( 环保)：Have less or zero negative impacts on the environm

35、ent.Promote sustainable development.Pollution:Lead to various environmental problems.4. Develop topic sentence: (methods)考虑三个方面因素j厂Logical4060 wordsL HighlightExample 102:/A+1: first, the building of a university improves the local economy.1. It is because college students usually spend huge sums of

36、 money inthe community.1314百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我2. a recent survey, suggests that 50% of Chinese college students liveoff campus in rented apartments.3. Let ' put it in numbers: suppose the university has 20,000 students.The average spending of a Chinese university student is 800 Yuan per month. Thus, the spending of the university students totals 16million Yuan about xx dollars per month.4. in consequence, the local economy will be improves considerably:5. as , h