高考英语完形填空词义辨析

1、高考英语完形填空词义辨析题要点巩固词义辨析考查的面广，该内容也是英语学习中的一个难题，欲觅简明准确的解释并非易事，考生在学习时首先应掌握其基本意思，再结合特定的语境进行比较。有鉴于此，我们将在教学中所积累的并结合高考试题，给考生提供中学英语中常见的同义词（语），易混词（语）及相似句型等方面的指点。英语中的同义词（语），易混词（语）及相似句型之间的区别，有的属英汉语意差别，有的属不同搭配表达意义不同，有的属搭配不同表达意义相同，有的属语气轻重有别，有的则属搭配范围和习惯不同等等。因此我们只能把重点放在中学英语学习过程中常见的易混、易错之处，不求面面俱到，只求对症下药，说清为止。例题剖析例12.

2、Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everyone in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. it剖析：该题为非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故用 which .正确答案为A.3.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A. bring up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on剖析：此题考查短语动词的区别，

3、这四个短语的基本意义为：bring up“养育、提出;吐出”， refer to“论及、说到、谈到、提及；参考、参阅、参照”，look for“寻找、寻求” try on“试穿，试戴”，根据题义：“经理在商务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿 ”。应选B。6.- Ow! Ive burnt myself! - I _ a hot pot. A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held剖析：touch“触摸 ”， keep “保持” feel “感觉” hold“拿着”，所给的语境是“烫伤”故选A，因为触摸，才可能烫伤。7.The old tower must be saved,

4、 _ the cost. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever剖析：题义：“无论什么样的代价，这座古塔一定要拯救。”whatever可表示, “无论什么”whichever“无论哪个 ”。9.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can剖析：此题考查情态动词，should“应该”,must “一定”， will“将会、总是”，ca

5、n“可能”，根据题义“ 因为有时可能会很慢。”故选 D。10.-People should stop using their cars and start using public transport. -_ .The roads are too crowed as it is. A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine 剖析：此题考查交际用语在一定语境中的应用。 all right“不错，好啊”， exactly“（用于对答）正是、一点不错”，go ahead“前进，（催促对方）先请”， fine“好的、棒的”，根据题义，表示对对方所说的完全同意

6、，“一点不错，正是”之意，故选B。13.My mother always gets a bit _ if we dont arrive when we say we will. A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient剖析：题义“如果我们没有在我们所说的时间到达，父母就会着急。”故选：A16.I am sure David will be able to find the library- he has a pretty good _ of direction. A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense剖析：id

7、ea “主意、想法”，feeling“感觉、情感”，experience“经历、经验”，sense“感觉、辨别力、判断力”，a good sense of direction“方向感很强”。故选 D。19.I couldnt _. The line was busy. A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through剖析：此题考查短语动词的区别。go by“走过、流逝”，go around“四处走走”，get in“进入、收集”get through（用于电话等）联络到”。从下句“线路很忙”，故选D。20.Weve been looking at h

8、ouses but havent found _ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them剖析：此题考查代词的区别。题义“我们一直在看房子，但还没找到我们所喜欢的一套（房子）。答案为A,此处的one相当于a house，而ones相当于houses，it和them应指上文提到的同类同物。又如: Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_ I will always treasure. (2002 NMET 35) A. that B. one C. it D.

9、 what 答案为one 相当于 a moment。意为：“，我将永远珍惜的时刻”。例2.22. No one helped me. I did it all _ myself. A. for B. by C. from D. to剖析：考查介词的区别。根据题义“没人帮助我，我独自做的”。by oneself“独自地 ”，for oneself“替/ 为自己”。故选B。23. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that剖析：“Mary写了一篇关于为什么

10、球队没有获胜的文章”。故选A。25. We havent enough books for _; some of you will have to share. A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody剖析：“我们没有给每人一本这么多的书，有些只能共同使用。”everyone与否定词not连用表示部分否定，“并非都”。故选C。另外all, both, always, every以及every构成的复合不定代词等，与not连用也表示部分否定。26. Tom, you_ leave all your clothes on the floor lik

11、e this. A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not剖析：答案为B。此题为情态动词的否定式。wouldnt“不会 ”，mustnt“不准、不得 ”，neednt“不必 ”，may not“不可以”。27.They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, _ we managed to bring the price down. A. but B. so C. when D. since剖析：此题为连词，根据题义表示转折，故选A。31.-Oh, dear! Ive just broken a window. - _

12、. It cant be helped. A. Never mind B. All right C. Thats fine D. Not at all剖析：此题为交际用语的区别。Never mind“不要紧、没关系 ”，All right（表示同意）“好、可以 ”，Thats fine“很好”，Not at all（用来回答thank you）表示“不用谢”。故选A。( It cant be helped.= We must accept it.你已经把它打碎了，没办法弥补了。) 选词填空1. alone / lonelyLet him _.I shall have a companion i

13、n the house after all these _ years.答案: alone , lonely辨析：alone可以用作形容词或副词，作形容词时，只能在句子中充当表语或宾语补足语，用来陈述“单独一人，无其他人”这样一个事实。lonely只能用作形容词，在句子中充当表语或定语，指人时，作“孤独的、寂寞的”解；指地方时作“荒凉的、人迹稀少的”解。2. accept / receiveMary _ a gift from a friend, but she didnt seem to _ it.答案: received, accept辨析：accept表示主观上“乐意接受”； recei

14、ve 表示客观上“收到某物”。但receive education（接受教育）, receive guests（接见客人）。3. means / way / methodThoughts are expressed by _ of speech.He always speaks in a careless _.He worked out the maths problem with a different _.答案：means, way, method辨析：这三个词都可以解释为“方法、方式、手段”。means前用介词by；其后用of+名词或动词的-ing形式。way作“方法”讲时，前面可用介词

15、in。method一般指“（系统的）一套方法或方式”，前面用介词with. 4.other / others / the other / the others / anotherWe study Chinese, maths, English and _ lessons.I dont want this one. Please give me _.She has two children. One is a boy, _ is a girl.Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing,and_ are climbing the hill.The

16、re are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls. _ are boys.答案：other; another; the other; others; The others辨析：other作前置定语，修饰单数或复数名词。another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”。the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指。others用作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其它物”。the others指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。5.instead / instead ofIf you are to

17、o busy, you may come another day _.If you have no time, Ill go _ you.答案：instead; instead of辨析：instead是副词，意思是“代替，顶替”，通常被放在句尾，也可放在句首。instead of是介词词组，意思除了“代替”外还有“而不是”之意。6.occur / happen / take placeAn idea suddenly _ to me.The car accident _ yesterday. I _ to be out when you came here.Great changes hav

18、e _ in my home town.答案：occurred; happened/occurred; happened; taken place辨析：occur属较正式的用语。它可指一件偶然事件的“发生”；也可指在一定的时间“发生”、“出现”一定的事件，它还可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的“产生”，其后接to sb.时，常作“想起”、“想到”解。happen属普通用语，常用来表示偶然事件的“发生”。其后接不定式或用在 “It happened that”句型中的时候，作“恰好”、“碰巧”、“偶然”解。take place也作“发生”解，但一般没有偶然的意味。它更常用来指一个预先安排好的事情的“发

19、生”，常作“举行”解。7.wish / hopeI _it will be fine tomorrow.I _you success.I _it would be fine tomorrow.He sent me an e-mail, _to get further information.答案：hope; wish; wish; hoping辨析：这两个词使用的句型不同（如）。hope所表示的愿望一般可以实现，wish所表示的愿望实现的可能性不大。wish 接从句时用虚拟语气。8.include / contain The price _ the postage.The parcel _a

20、dictionary.答案：includes; contained辨析：两者均有“包含”、“包括”之意。但include表示所包含之物中的一部分；contain指所包含之物的全部或部分，也可表示某一种物质中含有什么成分。9.damage / destroyDont do anything that _the relation between the two countries.In 1941,the Germans tried to _the city of St.Petersburg.答案：damages; destroy辨析：damage意为“损害”、“损坏”，其破坏程度比destroy小

21、；destroy意为“摧毁”、“毁坏”、“破坏”，含有彻底或严重毁坏，以至不复存在、无法修复、无法工作或使用之意。10.worth / worthy-How much is this old book _? -Its worth $30.Is this book _reading once again?This book is _of being read.答案：worth; worth; worthy辨析：worth只作表语，其后一般跟名词或动名词，若跟不定式或动名词作主语，用“It is worthwhile to do/doing”结构；worthy可作表语或定语，作表语时，其后可跟“o

22、f+名词或doing的被动形式或不定式的被动形式”，作定语是，意为“有价值的，可敬的，相称的”。11.believe / believe inI _what he said.They _God.答案：believe; believe in辨析：believe作及物动词是，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”；后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为；料想；相信”等。believe in是一个动介型短语动词，表示“信奉；信仰（指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心）”和“信任（have trust in）”。12.cost / pay / spend / takeThe furniture _(me) 6,000

23、 yuan altogether.Careless driving may _you your life.I _ $15 for the dictionary.How much (What) do you _on clothes each year?It _(us) a whole day to paint the house.答案：cost; cost; paid; spend; took辨析：cost“价值为，值（钱）”，以物作主语，可跟双宾语或只跟直接宾语。pay“花费，支付（金钱）”，同spend一样以人作主语，但常与for, to do搭配，其后可跟宾语、单宾语或不跟宾语。spend

24、“花费（金钱）”，与on, for连用，义同pay for;“花费（时间）”，与on,(in)doing连用；“度过（时光）”。take“需要，必要”，常以（做）某事为主语，以时间做宾语或跟双宾语，常用在 “It takes sb some time to do sth.”的句型中。13.besides / except / but / except forYour composition was well written _a few spelling mistakes.She helps to cook and wash _looking after the baby.He has don

25、e everything _what I asked him to do.No one knows Mr. Bensons address _his daughter.We go to the night club _it is raining.答案：except for; besides; except; except /but; except when辨析：but和except都表示“除之外，没有”，两者大多数情况下可以互换，但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one等词后多用but。except表示从整体上减去一部分，而besides还包括除去的那部分，相当于i

26、n addition to。except for意为“除了之外”，用于排除非同类事物，其中for表示理由或细节，订正或修正某些事实。except that用做连词，后跟从句，根据从句的需要也可用except when, except where等。14.raise / rise / liftShe _and left.He _his voice to make himself heard clearly.The rock is too heavy to _.答案：rose; raised; lift辨析：raise是及物动词，意为“举起，抬起”，是lift的同义词，两者有时可以互换，只是lif

27、t比raise更口语化，更强调提重物时的费力情况，多指将某物举成垂直状态。rise 意为“升起，提高，起立”，是不及物动词，主语是人时，表示站起来；主语物时，表示某物本身移动到较高的位置或是由底向高变化的过程。 15aaamon / ordinary / generalClods are _in winter.His _supper consists of only bread and milk.This book is intended for the _reader, not for the specialist.答案：common; ordinary; general辨析：common强调“常见的，不足为奇的”。ordinary强调“平常的，平淡无奇的”。general意为“普通的，一般的