并列句和状语从句(定稿)

1、 并列句和状语从句 并 列 句 一、并列连词At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.(2012·四川高考)在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didnt want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标全国卷)很高兴又见到Jenny了，但是我不想花一整天的时间和她在一起。It must

2、have rained last night, for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都这么湿。Yesterday, I forgot to pick my son up, so he waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.(2014·黄冈中学高三模拟)昨天，我忘记了去接儿子，结果他在幼儿园里等了接近两个小时。Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?你是想走还是想留？1表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。2表示转折关系常用的并列连词有

3、but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。3表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。4表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either . or ., not . but, neither . nor .等。二、祈使句and/or/otherwise句式Work hard and you will succeed.If you work hard, you will succeed.努力学习，你就会成功。Hurry up or we will be late.If you dont hurry up, we will be late.快点儿，否则我们就

4、迟到了。A few more efforts and you will succeed.If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.再努力些，你会成功的。1祈使句and陈述句If .，主句。2祈使句or陈述句If . not .，主句。祈使句and/or/otherwise句式1_ and you'll find the purple one is softer.(compare)比较这两把牙刷，你就会发现紫色的那把要柔和一些。2(2014·武昌调研)Don't turn off the computer befo

5、re closing all programs, _.(have)在你关闭所有的程序之前不要关掉电脑，否则可能会出现问题。 状 语 从 句一、时间状语从句1when, while, asNancy enjoyed herself so much when she visited her friends in Sydney last year.南希去年去悉尼看望她的朋友时玩得很开心。I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。As time goes on, its gett

6、ing warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边，(一边)”或“随着”。(4)如果主句表示的是

7、短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。2when的特殊用法Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.(2010·全国卷)汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.(2011·浙江高考)我们正在收拾行李，

8、这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：when还可表原因，意为“既然”。3表示“刚就，一就”的常用表达The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately

9、he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁高考)他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打

10、电话让我立刻回家。(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when .和once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一就”。(2)no sooner . than .，hardly/scarcely . when .的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓

11、语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。4before与sinceYou must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013·湖南高考)在做任何决定之前，你必须学会顾及自己的情感和理智。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(2010·陕西高考)约翰认为他不久就会为他的新工作做好准备。It was

12、several years before I realized that David had lied to me.(2014·山西四校模拟)几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011·四川高考)据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。(1)before表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及就，在之前”。(2)It will be一段时间before .“多久之后才”。(3)It wont be long before .“不久之后

13、就”。(4)It was一段时间before .“过了多久才”。(5)It is一段时间since .“自从多久了”。5表示“每次；下一次”的常用表达Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.下次你来这里的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。ev

14、ery time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。6till, until和not . untilHave you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an

15、hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题做了一个小时以上的时候，我才会告诉他答案。(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)not . until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。二、地点状语从句A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (2012·山东高考)很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的

16、地方拔地而起。Where theres a will, theres a way.有志者事竟成。Where(ver) theres plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。1地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。三、条件状语从句She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.(2013·江西高考)她说如果生意还没

17、有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.(2012·江西高考)只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还

18、可以求助谁？引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(if . not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一), on condition that(条件是), suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。四、让步状语从句Although regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。Ill wait for yo

19、u however late it is.不管有多晚我都会等着你。Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it to be valuable.他们很多人不听他的意见，尽管他们知道他的意见很有价值。Much as I like it, I wont buy it.虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的。While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A(2012·湖南)虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从

20、来没有想到我会得A。引导让步状语从句的连词有：1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)。2whether . or .(不管还是)；疑问词­ever(不管；无论)，如whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等；no matter疑问词(不管；无论)。3as或though引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序。4从属连词while, when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。五、原因状语从句Mum, could I go out to play now?Le

21、t me see . Yes, since you have finished all your school assignments.妈妈，现在我可以出去玩吗？让我想想，是的，既然你已经把所有的学习任务完成。Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你一定知道了。引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(既然), n

22、ow that, seeing that, considering that(考虑到)。六、方式状语从句The house was greatly damaged by the truck. Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own so

23、n.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。七、结果状语从句Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather th

24、at we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的

25、学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so . that ., such . that .。在非正式语体中，由so . that ., such . that .引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：2当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such . as to .八、目的状语从句When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。T

26、he boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that)/lest等。1in order that, so that两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2for fear th

27、at, in case (that)引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。九、比较状语从句1.A+谓语+as+ adj/adv + as+B (A和B一样)(放于肯定句中)A+谓语+as+adj+a(n)+cn.(sing) + as+B The man hopes to live as simple a life as his gandpa. 这个人希望和他爷爷一样过着简朴的生活A+谓语+as+many+cn(pl)/much(un) + as+Byou should give as muc

28、h information as possible to the readers to get your ideas across.(possible)你应该向读者提供尽可能更多的信息来传达你的观点。 2. A+谓语+not+as/so+ adj/adv + as+B (A不如B)(放于否定句中)=not morethan She is not so clever as he is.=She is not more clever than he is.她不如他聪明3. A+谓语+no+morethan +B=neithernor“同一样不”(用于否定两者)The teacher told me

29、 seriously，You are no more careful than Jim is”.老师严肃地对我说，“你和吉姆一样不仔细。” He is no more a writer than a painter.=He is neither a painter nor a writer.他既不是画家，也不是作家。3. A+谓语+no+lessthan +B=bothand“和一样”(用于肯定两者)Your brother is no less wise than you.你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。4. the 比较级the 比较级Generally speaking, the harder y

30、ou work, the greater progress you will make.一般来讲，你越努力，你取得的进步越大。高考试题分析：1_ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (1999高考)A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as2He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)A. and B. for C. but D.

31、 or3Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language. (2007上海)A. as B. that C. which D. where4We all know that, _, the situation will get worse.（2007 全国卷I）A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully with D. not if careful

32、ly dealt with5_ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive.（2007 山东卷）AAs BSince CIf DWhile 6. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach. （08全国I卷）A. as ifB. as long asC. now that D. in order that7 A small car is big enough for a family o

33、f three _ you need more space for baggage. (08全国)A. once B. because C. if D. unless8. Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. （08北京卷）A. though B. unless C. when D. because9. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian get back.（08北京卷）A. before

34、B. since C. till D. after10. Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or its very cold. （08天津卷）A. since B. if C. unless D. until11. -Are you ready for Spain？    -Yes, I want the girls to experience that _ they are young. (08上海卷)A. whileB. untilC. ifD. before12. _ wel

35、l prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. (08上海卷)A. however B. whatever C. no matter D. although13. -Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you. -Ok, _ you make it short. （08安徽卷）A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time14. Nancy enjoyed herself so much

36、 _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.（08福建卷）A. that B. which C. when D. where15. _ the Internet is of great help. I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. （08湖南卷）A. If B. While C. Because D. As16. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it. （08山东卷）A. even ifB

37、. whichC. whereD. so that17. _ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. （08辽宁卷）A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhereverD. However18. I used to love that film _ I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.（08辽宁卷）A. onceB. whenC. since D. although19. There were some chai

38、rs left over _ everyone had sat down. (08 四川卷)A. when B. until C. that D. where20. Dont promise anything _ you are one hundred percent sure. （08浙江卷）A. whether B. after C. how D. unless21.  _ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. （09江苏）A. B

39、efore             B. Where           C. Unless            D. Until22. She had just finished her homework_her mother asked her to practi

40、ce playing the piano yesterday. （09福建）A. when B. while C. after D. since23. My parents dont mind what job I do_I am happy. （09陕西）A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though24. You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card. （09上海）A. before B. if C. while D. as2

41、5. Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.A. where       B. that C. why         D. when26. All the dishes in this me

42、nu, _ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.（09全国）A. as B. if C. though D. Unless巩固练习一1. My parents dont mind what job I do I am happy.A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though2. Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? it doesnt rain. A. Until B. While C. Once D. If3. She had jus

43、t finished her homework her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.A. when B. while C. after D. since 4. Youd better not leave the medicine kids can get at it.A.even if B.which C.where D.so that5. There were some chairs left over everyone had sat down.A. when B. until C. that D. wh

44、ere6. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.who B.which C.why D.when7. Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea the party is to be held?A. what B.which C.that D.where8. The last time we had great fun was we were visiting the Water Park.A. Where B.how C. when D

45、.why9. Dont promise anything you are one hundred percent sure.A. whether B. After C. how D. unless10. well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although巩固练习二1. _ he comes, we wont he able to go.A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Ev

46、en2. I didnt manage to do it _ you had explained how.A. until B. unless C. when D. before3. I had a picture taken _ there is a tower.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where4. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless5. We must get up early tomorrow, _

47、well miss the first bus to the Great WallA. so B. or C. but D. however6. _ the days went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As7. A!though he is considered a great writer, _A. his works are not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely read

48、D. still his works are not widely read8. What was the party like7 Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. before C. when D. since9. I dont like chicken _ fish. I dont like chicken, _I like fish very much.A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but10. Mother was worried because

49、little Alice was iii, especially _ father was a-way in France.A. as B. that C. during D. if11. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, l was talking a-bout my daughter.A. who B. where C. which D. while12. _we are close friends, we also have different opinions.A. When B. While C. Un

50、less D. Once13. I was just about to go out _ the phone rang.A. while B. as C. when D. since14. He had left _ I could thank him.A. before B. after C. if D. unless15. It wont be long _ we meet again.A. since B. before C. if D. when16. Isnt he a student?_. It is two years since he was a college student.A. Yes, he is B. No, he isnt C. Yes, he isnt D. No, he is17. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. Whatever18. Would you like a cup of coffee_ shall we get down to busines