药学毕业论文开题报告

1、药学毕业论文开题报告1、选题意义和背景：万古霉素 (Vancomycin, VCM) 是糖肽类抗生素， 1958 年 被美国 FDA 批准上市。万古霉素通过干扰细菌细胞壁合成 而发挥杀菌作用。本品主要对革兰阳性 (G+) 菌具有强大的杀 菌活性，特别是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) 以及 耐 甲 氧 西 林 凝 固 酶 阴性 葡 萄 球 菌 (Methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus, MRCNS).根据XX年中国CHINET细

2、菌耐药性监测，MRSA和MRCNS检出率分别平均为 %和 %. 由于医院内上述耐药菌感染日趋 严重，万古霉素越来越多地被应用于临床。然而，万古霉素 具有肾、耳毒性，严重者可导致肾衰竭或听力丧失，这些不 良反应在老年人中更易出现。 因此，安全有效的应用该药物， 最大程度减少药物对患者的损害，并发挥药物的最佳疗效， 引起临床高度关注。2、论文综述 / 研究基础： 近年来，国内外关于万古霉素群体药动学 (Population pharmacokinetics, PPK) 研究涉及新生儿、成年人、肥胖患 者、肾功能不全患者等人群。 Sanchez 等在 141 例应用万古 霉素的患者中发现，老年人(&

3、gt; 65岁，n=40)清除率 (Clearancerate, CL) 和表观分布容积 (Apparent volume ofdistribution, V)分别为(土)L h-1 和(土)L,而年轻人( 福建医科大学附属第一医院药学部课题组前期已建立 成年患者万古霉素 PPK 模型，可以为临床制定万古霉素给药 方案提供参考依据。为了进一步完善这一体系，本研究拟建 立老年患者万古霉素 PPK 模型，辅助临床实现个体化给药。3、参考文献：World Health Organization. Men, ageing and health:Achieving health across the l

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