小升初语法--形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

1、精品文档 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 一、形容词和副词的比较等级形式 大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化， 即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示 事物的等级差别。原级即形容词和副词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化 两种。 （1）规则变化：音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾 -er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 最咼级 一般单音节词末尾加 tall（高的） taller tallest -er,-est 。 great（巨大的） greater greatest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词 nice（好的） nicer nicest 和少数以-le结尾的双音节词

2、 large（大的） larger largest 只加-r,-st 。 able （有能力的） abler ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节 big（大的） bigger biggest 单音节词， 双写结尾的辅音字 母， 再加-er，-est 。 hot热的） hotter hottest 以辅音字母+y ”结尾的双音 easy（容易的） easier easiest 节词，改y为i，再加-er ， -est 。 busy（忙的） busier busiest 少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节 clever（聪明的） cleverer cleverest 词末尾加-er，-est

3、。 narrow（窄的） n arrower n arrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在 important（ 重要 more most 前面加 more，most来构成比 的） importa nt importa nt 较级和最高级。 easily（ 容易地） more easily most easily （2）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最咼级 r good（好的）/ well（ 健康的） better best ill（ 有病的）/ bad （ 坏的）/ badly （坏地） worse worst much/many（多的） more most little（ 少的） less

4、 least old （老的） older/elder 比较老的/较年长的 oldest/eldest 最老的/最年长的 far （远的/地） farther/further farther/further 1欢迎下载 精品文档 二、形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型。 （1） as +形容词或副词原级 + as 1） 在否定句或疑问句中可用 soas。 He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2） 当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式。 -as + 形容词 + a + 单数名词 This is as good an example as the other is. -as

5、 + many/much + 名词 I can carry as much paper as you can. 3 ）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在 as的前面。 -This room is twice as big as that one. - Your room is the same size as mine. 4） 倍数 + as + adj. + as v = 倍数 + then + of -This bridge is three times as long as that one. -This bridge is three times the len gth of

6、 that one. -Your room is twice as large as mine. -Your room is twice the size of mine. （2） 比较级形容词或副词 + tha n - You are taller than I. 1） 要避免重复使用比较级。 -（ 错）He is more cleverer tha n his brother. -（ 对）He is more clever tha n his brother. -（ 对）He is clever tha n his brother. 2） 要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 -（ 错）China

7、 is larger that any country in Asia. -（ 对）China is larger tha n any other coun tries in Asia. 3 ）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 -The populati on of Shan ghai is larger tha n that of Beiji ng. -It is easier to make a pla n tha n to carry it out. 4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较： Which is large, Canada or Austral

8、ia? Which is the larger coun try, Can ada or Australia? She is taller tha n her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. （3）可修饰比较级的词 1） a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等 2） 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 3） 以上词（除by far）夕卜，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面

9、。 典型例题 1） - Are you feeling _ ? - Yes , rm fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2） The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 2欢迎下载 精品文档 答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此 B, C都说得通，但easier本身已是比

10、较级，不 需more，因此C为正确答案。 3) If there were no exam in ati ons, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：Do 重点难点详解 (1) many ,old 禾口 far 1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词 many more + 可数名词复数 2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式 ： -older/oldest -elder/

11、eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 -My elder brother is an engin eer. -Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 3) far 有两种比较级，farther , further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。 在美语中，father 表示距离，further 表示进一步。I have noth ing further to say. (2) the +最高级+比较范围 1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级

12、前可不用。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示 非常” It is a most importa nt problem. = It is a very importa nt problem. 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 -( 错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. -( 对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列词可修饰最高级 by far, far, much, mostly, almost - This hat is n early / almo

13、st the biggest. a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much不同。 -This is the very best. -This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 -Africa is the seco nd largest continent. 3) 句型转换： -Mike is the most in tellige nt in his class. -Mike is more in tellige nt tha n any other stude nts in his class. 4) 否定词语+比较级”，否定词语+ soas ”结构

14、表示最高级含义。 Noth ing is so easy as this. =Noth ing is easier tha n this. =This is the easiest thing. (3)和more有关的词组 1) the morethe more 越. 就越The harder you work, the greater progress youll make. 3欢迎下载 精品文档 2) more B than A = less A than B 与其说 A 不如说 B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less s

15、low than lazy at his work. 3) no morethan 与一样，不比 多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no less than 与 . 一样 . He is no less diligent than you. 4) more tha n 不只是，非常 She is more tha n ki nd to us all. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级习题 一、选择填空 1. Which does Jimmy like _ , Chi nese or Art? A. well B. best C.

16、better D. much 2. The Chan gjia ng River is one of _ in the world. A. the Ion gest river B. l on gest rivers C. the Ion gest rivers D. lo nger rivers 3. The box is _ than I wan ted. A. biger B. the biger C. bigger D. the bigger 4. My moon cake is ni cer _ his. A. like B. with C. for D. than 5. You a

17、re fatter tha n _ A. he B. his 6. He jumps _ of the three. A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest 7. My hair is Ion ger tha n _ A. my sister B. Kate C. my brother D. Lucy 8. There are _ paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little 9. The pen is _ tha n that one. A. more c

18、heap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper 10. Tom speaks Chin ese _ better tha n Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much 11. There are _ girls in Class Two tha n in Class Four. A. more B. ni cest C. most D. best 4欢迎下载C. him D. he is tall 精品文档 12.lt too _ for you to do that. A. easy B. more d

19、an gerous C. harder D. the easiest 13. Who has _ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most 14. You have more rulers than me. But _ are nicer than A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your 15. T in gti ng is _ tha n Meimei, but Meimei is _ Tin gti ng. A. all,

20、 stron ger B. taller, stron gest C. tallest, strong D. taller, stron ger 16. Mother is _ in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy 17. There are _ in the park on Sun day. A. more childre n B. a lot of people C. much men and wome n D. many peoples 18. -This blue sweater is too big f

21、or me .-Will you please show me a _ one? A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest 19. No one is _ Mary in the class. A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. as 20. This bike is _ tha n that one. A. twenty yua n dear B. twenty yua n dearer C. dear twenty yua n D. dearer twenty yua n

22、二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Your classroom is _ (wide) and _ (bright) tha n ours. 2. There are _ (few) hours of sun light a day in wi nter tha n in summer. 3. Which do you like _ (well) , Maths or Chemistry? 4. This is the _ (good) film I have ever see n. 5. Africa is the sec ond _(large) con ti nent. 6. What he said made his mother much _ (an gry). 7.I m not as _ (carefu