植物生理学-复习题-华南师范大学

1、植物生理学第四章复习题华南师范大学第四章植物呼吸作用一、英译中(Translate)(Translate)1 1.respiratioin.respiratioin2 2.bicrespirationrespiration3 3.anaerobicrespi.anaerobicrespiration4.fermentatration4.fermentationion5 5.pentose.pentosephosphatepathwayphosphatepathway6 6.biologicalo.biologicaloxidation7.respiraxidation7

2、.respiratorytorychainchain8 8 .glycolysis.glycolysis9 9 .oxidativephosp.oxidativephosphorylation10.Pasthorylation10.Pasteureur二、中译英(Translate)(Translate)1 1. .巴斯德效应2 2. .有氧呼吸3 3. .无氧呼吸4 4. .呼吸速率5 5. .呼吸商6 6. .已糖磷酸途径7 7. .生物氧化8 8. .电子传递链9 9. .细胞色素1010 . .化学渗透假effecteffect1111 .respiratoryra.respirato

3、ryratete1212 .respiratoryq.respiratoryquotientuotient1313 .cytochrome.cytochrome1414 .teincomplexplex1616.alternateox.alternateoxidaseidase1717 .ubiquinone.ubiquinone1818 .uncouplingag.uncouplingagentent1919 .temperatureco.tempera

4、turecoefficientefficient1111. .抗鼠呼吸1212. .庭料水平磷酸化作用1313. .呼吸链1414. .氧化磷酸化1515. .发酵1616. .分子内呼吸1717. .蛋白复合体1818. .交替氧化酶19.19.温度系数四、是非题(Trueorfalse)1.)1.所有生物的生存都需要.2 2)2.)2.糖酵解途径是在线粒体内发(唐完全E E鬻留端0101moimoi葡萄(直4*4*细胞色素氧化酶普遍存在于、名词解释(Explaintheglossary)(Explaintheglossary)1 1. .呼吸作用2 2. .有氧呼吸3 3. .糖瞥解“一4

5、 4. .三竣酸循环5 5. .生物氧化6 6. .呼吸链7 7.P/O.P/O比8 8. .氧化就酸化9 9. .巴斯德效应1010 . .细胞包素1313 . .抗鼠呼吸14.14.无氧呼吸15.ADP/Oratio16.15.ADP/Oratio16.electrontransporelectrontransportchain(mitochonrtchain(mitochonrion)17.oxidativeion)17.oxidativephosphorylationphosphorylation18.glycolysis18.glycolysiso( (、的(/(/J5J5上进行的.

6、戊糖磷酸途径是在线粒体膜)8.)8.线粒体为单层膜的细胞器二人1919如果演阳梓中的O2O2的含那么犍酵解速度会减,眩消耗和( (ATPATP.)10.)10.鞅作用不一定都有氧的COCO2 2的释放)11.)11.糖酵解过程不能直接产生段循环湍g g巴斯德效应描述的是三竣)14.)14.当植物细胞内的NADPHNADPH过多时,不受对戊糖磷酸途径起反响抑制作用(乎吸商港竽鳖底物如果是蛋白质,)16.)16.一般来说,随着温度的升高,植朝的呼吸作用随之升)17)17箕呼吸作用的电子传递链位)16)16j=r,同O%线粒体的基要A A徜淀粉车专变为G GT TP P时,(乍用,器作疆11111

7、1得没有呼吸(骨-J2p-J2pz z. .涝1 1f f弹死填陆是由于无氧悸吸进行过久,累枳了酒精,而引起中毒.()()21.21.细胞质中1molNADH1molNADH的电子传给呼吸链中的.2 2过程中,可产生3molATP3molATP()()22.Thefinalelectronacceptor22.Thefinalelectronacceptoringlycolysisisoxygen.inglycolysisisoxygen.) )23.Thecarriermoleculesof23.Thecarriermoleculesofelectrontransportsystemarel

8、ocatedinthecytelectrontransportsystemarelocatedinthecytosol.osol.()24.Glycolysisislinkedtothe()24.Glycolysisislinkedtothekrebscyclewhenoxygenisnotavailable.krebscyclewhenoxygenisnotavailable.()25.Fermentationfollowsglycolysisinsom()25.Fermentationfollowsglycolysisinsomecellswhenoxygenisnotavailable.

9、ecellswhenoxygenisnotavailable.()26.Thehighestconcentration()26.Thehighestconcentrationofhydrogenionsinthemitochondriaisintheintofhydrogenionsinthemitochondriaisintheintermitochondrialspace.ermitochondrialspace.()27.EachmoleculeofNADHproducedinthemit()27.EachmoleculeofNADHproducedinthemitochondriapr

10、ovidestheenegyfor2.5ATPmoleculochondriaprovidestheenegyfor2.5ATPmolecules.es.28.Thebreakdownofglucoseincellul28.Thebreakdownofglucoseincellularrespirationisnotacatabolicreactionarrespirationisnotacatabolicreaction五、选择题(Choosethebestanswerforeachquestion)1 1 , ,小根藏久了,会发生酒味,这很可能是组织爰军、3 3.卧于萌发时,种皮未破裂之前

11、主要进行咖种呼吸 .A A有氧呼吸B B无氧呼吸C C光呼吸ABCABCA A抗鼠呼卜B B糖酵解C C酒精发酵2 2.在呼吸作用中,三竣酸循环的场所是A A细疝质B B线粒体基C C叶绿体质4.4.三竣酸循环是哪一位科学家首先发现的.GEmbdenJKParnasKrebsGEmbdenJKParnasKrebs5 5 . .三竣酸循环的各个反响的酶存在于( ().A A线色体B B溶酶体C C微体6 6 . .二燧酸循环中,1 1分子的丙酮酸可以释放几个分子的COCO2 2( () )A A3 3B B1 1C2C27 7,糖酵解中,每摩尔葡萄糖酵解能产生2mol2mol的丙酮酸以及几摩尔

12、的ATP(ATP().A A3 3B B2 2C C1 18 8 . .在呼吸链中的电子传递体是(A A细曲色素BPQCPCBPQCPC系统9 9 . .疝呼吸链中从NADHNADH开始,经细胞色素系统储,生成H H2 2O,O,其P/OP/O比为().A A2 2B B3 3C C4 41010 .EMP.EMP和PPPPPP的氧化复原辅酶分别为().+ANADANAD+、BCNADBCNAD+、FADNADPFADNADP+、NADPNADP+NADNAD+1111 . .细胆中1mol1mol丙酮酸完全氧化,能广生多少ATP(ATP().A30molB38molC12.5molA30mo

13、lB38molC12.5mol1212 . .在卞烈西值物体氧化酶当中,有哪神是不杳金层苗()o)oA A细胞色素B B酚氧化酶C C黄素氧化氧化酶酶1313 . .细胞色素氧化酶对氧的亲和水平( ().A A强B B中等C C弱1414 . .呼吸作用的底物为( (十工A A有机物BCOBCO2 2和C C有机物和和.2 2H H2 2OCOOCO2 21515 . .戊糖磷酸途径主要受什么调节( ().ANADHBCFADHANADHBCFADH2 21616.加学圾腐物为厂些富含氢的物质,如脂肪和责白质,那么呼吸篇().A A小于1 1B B等于1 1C C大于1 11717 . .如果

14、坦慎物丛窑气中转移到真空装置内,那么呼吸速率将().A A加快B B不变C C减慢18.Thetransitionreactioninthecellularresp18.ThetransitionreactioninthecellularrespirationirationAconnectsglycolysistothekrebscycle.BgiAconnectsglycolysistothekrebscycle.BgivesoffCCvesoffCC2 2CAllofthesearecorrect.CAllofthesearecorrect.19.19. Substrate-levelph

15、osporylationtakesplaSubstrate-levelphosporylationtakesplaceinceinAglycolysisandthekrebscycleBonlyglyolyAglycolysisandthekrebscycleBonlyglyolysissisConlytheKrebscycleDtherespiratorychainConlytheKrebscycleDtherespiratorychain20.20. HowmanyATPmoleculesthatareproduceddurHowmanyATPmoleculesthatareproduce

16、dduringthecompletebreadownofglucoseingthecompletebreadownofglucoseA30B36C.38A30B36C.38D60D602121、ThegreatestcontributorofelectronsofelectrThegreatestcontributorofelectronsofelectronstotheelectrontransportsystemisonstotheelectrontransportsystemisAoxygenBAoxygenBglycolysisglycolysisCtheKrebscycleDallo

17、fthesearecorrect22CtheKrebscycleDallofthesearecorrect22、whichoftheseisnottrueoffermentation?whichoftheseisnottrueoffermentation?AnetgainofonlytwoATPBoccursincytosolAnetgainofonlytwoATPBoccursincytosolCNADHdonateselectronstoelectrontranspoCNADHdonateselectronstoelectrontransportsystemrtsystemDbeginsw

18、ithglucoseDbeginswithglucose2323、CarbondioxideCarbondioxideCQCQgivenoffinrespirationprocegivenoffinrespirationprocegses.gses.AglycolysisBAglycolysisBKrebscycleKrebscycleCelectrontransportsystemDbothAandCarecCelectrontransportsystemDbothAandCarecorrect.orrect.2424、FattyacidsarebrokendowntoFattyacidsa

19、rebrokendowntoA A、pyruvatemolecules,whichtakeelectronstothepyruvatemolecules,whichtakeelectronstotheelectrontransportsystemelectrontransportsystemB B、acetylgroups,whichentertheKrebscycleacetylgroups,whichentertheKrebscycleC C、aminoacidswhichexcreteammoniaaminoacidswhichexcreteammoniaD D、Allofthesear

20、ecorrect25Allofthesearecorrect25、OxidativephosphorylationtakesplaceinOxidativephosphorylationtakesplaceinA A、glycolysisBglycolysisB、KrebsKrebscyclecycleC C、electrontransportsystem26electrontransportsystem26、WhichprocessproducesbothNADHandFADHWhichprocessproducesbothNADHandFADH2 2? ?AtheKrebscycleAth

21、eKrebscycleBglycolysisBglycolysisCtheelectrontransportsystemDfementatioCtheelectrontransportsystemDfementation n2727、WhichprocessreducesmolecularoxygentowaterWhichprocessreducesmolecularoxygentowater? ?AthekrebscycleAthekrebscycleB B、glycolysisglycolysisC C、theelectrontransportsystemDtheelectrontran

22、sportsystemD、fermentationfermentation28OneturnoftheKrebscycleproduces28OneturnoftheKrebscycleproducesA A、2NADH,2FADH2NADH,2FADH2 2,2ATP,2ATPB B、3NADH,1FADH3NADH,1FADH2 2,1ATP,1ATPC C、1NADH,2FADH1NADH,2FADH2 2,2ATP,2ATPD D、3NADH,3FADH3NADH,3FADH2 2,1ATP,1ATP2929、AboutoftheenergyintheAboutoftheenergyi

23、nthesucrosemoleculeiscapturedinATPthroughthersucrosemoleculeiscapturedinATPthroughthereactionofcellularrespirationeactionofcellularrespirationA A、52%52%B B、84%C84%C、36%D36%D、26%26%3030、WhichofthesepairsofprocessesareanaerobicWhichofthesepairsofprocessesareanaerobicA A、fermentationandglycolysisBferme

24、ntationandglycolysisB、fermentationandtheKrebscyclefermentationandtheKrebscycleC C、glycolysisandthekrebscycleglycolysisandthekrebscycleD D、glycolysisandtheelectronglycolysisandtheelectrontransportsystem.transportsystem.3131、TheprocessofsplittinglargermoleculesintosTheprocessofsplittinglargermolecules

25、intosmalleronesisanaspectofmetabolismcalledmalleronesisanaspectofmetabolismcalledA A、fermentationBfermentationB、chemiosmosischemiosmosisC C、anabolismDanabolismD、catabolismcatabolism3232、ThepathwaythroughwhichglucoseisdegradedtoThepathwaythroughwhichglucoseisdegradedtopyruvateisreferredtoasApyruvatei

26、sreferredtoasA、thecitricacidcycleBthecitricacidcycleB、thetheoxidationofpyruvateoxidationofpyruvateC C、glycolysisDglycolysisD、aerobicrespiration33aerobicrespiration33、ThereactionoftakeplaceThereactionoftakeplacewithinthecytosolofeukaryoticcells.withinthecytosolofeukaryoticcells.A.theelectrontransport

27、chainB.chemiosA.theelectrontransportchainB.chemiosmosismosisC.thecitricacidcycleD.glycolysisC.thecitricacidcycleD.glycolysis3434、Inthefirststepofthecitricacidcycle,acetylInthefirststepofthecitricacidcycle,acetylCoAreactswithoxaloacetatetoformCoAreactswithoxaloacetatetoformA A、NADHBNADHB、citrateCcitr

28、ateC、pyruvateDpyruvateD、COCO2 23535、WhichofthefollowingisamajorsourceofelectrWhichofthefollowingisamajorsourceofelectronsfortheelectrontransportchaininrespiratonsfortheelectrontransportchaininrespiration?ion?A A、ATPBATPB、NADHCNADHC、H H2 2ODOD、coenzyme36coenzyme36、IntheprocessofelectronIntheprocessof

29、electrontransportandATPsynthesisaretransportandATPsynthesisarecoupledbyaprotongradientacrosstheinnermitcoupledbyaprotongradientacrosstheinnermitochondrialmembrane.ochondrialmembrane.A A、glycolysisBglycolysisB、anaerobicrespirationanaerobicrespirationC C、decarboxylationDdecarboxylationD、chemiosmosisch

30、emiosmosis3737、WhichofthefollowingisacommonenergystorediWhichofthefollowingisacommonenergystoredinglucosenglucoseA A、glucoseoxygenNADHfwaterBglucoseoxygenNADHfwaterB、glucoseglucoseNADNADH HfATPfelectrontransportchainfATPfelectrontransportchainC C、glucoseNADHfelectrontransportchainsATPglucoseNADHfele

31、ctrontransportchainsATPD D、glucoseelectrontransportchainATPNADHglucoseelectrontransportchainATPNADH3838、WhichmultiproteincomplexintherespiratoryeWhichmultiproteincomplexintherespiratoryelectrontransportchainisresponsibleforredulectrontransportchainisresponsibleforreducingmolecularoxygercingmolecular

32、oxygerAplexI(NADHdehydrogenaseBplexn(succinatedAplexI(NADHdehydrogenaseBplexn(succinatedehydrogenase)Cplexehydrogenase)Cplex田(cytochromebccytochromebci icomplex)DplexIV(cytochromeocomplex)DplexIV(cytochromeoxidase)EplexV(ATPsynthasexidase)EplexV(ATPsynthase六、填空题(putthebestwordintheblanks)生口螯作用攀 eVI

33、厂里2 2. .三竣酸循环和生物氧化是在进行的.3 3 . .呼吸作用的糖的分解途径有3 3种,分别是、和.7 7.三竣酸循环电g g勺各种酶是存在于线粒体的中.8 8 .EMP.EMP和PPPPPP的氧化复原辅酶分别为和.9 9 . .生成H H2 2O O时,会产生个ATPATP1010.成糖唠展途彳叁堤葭一 E 节.1111 . .结检使电子传递链中、电势跨度最大的一步是在之间.12M12M荏.定时间声缶慎物在呼但f f见日释放的COCO2 2和吸收的.2 2的物质的量的比称为.1313 . .真核细胞中,1mol1mol葡萄糖完全氧可广生molATPmolATP.1414 . .组成呼

34、吸链的传递体可分为和.1515 . .呼吸抑制剂主要有.1616 . .如果呼吸底物为糖类,同时又完全氧化,呼吸间为.1717 . .影响呼吸作用的外界因房有、和笺.t tJU!JU!理网 L定条件下也可进行呼吸为主,在特5 5 . .三人酸循环是英国生物化学家首先发现亚6 6 .EMP.EMP途径发生于径发生于,一.PPPPPP酒精爰酵发生TCATCA循环发生于1818 . .植物呼吸作用的最适温度一般在1919 . .是稻矍和便蒙口注用温水淋种和时常翻种)代甘的就是使.2020 . .当植物组织受伤时,其呼吸速2121 . .呼吸作用生成ATPATP的方式有和.七、问做题(Answerth

35、efollowingquestion)1.1.试述呼吸作用的生理意义.5 5,陌生府等植物无氧呼吸过久就会死亡,为仆么？久粮食贮覆时寒蟀低呼吸速率还是要提局呼吸速率？为什么？7 7,果实成熟时产生呼吸骤变的原因是什么？8 8；春大如果遍磨在低,就会导致秧苗发烂,这是什么原因？9 9 . .三竣酸循环的要点和生理意义是什么？1010 . .试述氧化磷酸化作用的机理.1111 . .植物细胞内1mol1mol蔗糖彻底氧化成COCO2 2和H H2 20 0时,净得多少molmol的ATPATP? ?1212 .Describehowtheprocessesofphotosynthes.Descri

36、behowtheprocessesofphotosynthesisandcellularrespirationarelinked,andwhatisandcellularrespirationarelinked,andwhataspectstheyhaveaspectstheyhave中,糖的分解代谢有几条蚩片呼吸手肝标?3 3 . .呼吸作用与光合作用有何联系?4 4 . .试述线粒体内膜上电子传递链的组成UOIUIUOOUIUOIUIUOOUI第四章参考答案(Answerkey)一、英译中1 .呼吸作用2 .有氧呼吸3 .无氧呼吸4 .卷醛、人5 .戊糖磷酸途6 .生物氧化7 .呼吸链8

37、.糖啊L八9 .氧在瞬酸化作用一一10 .巴斯德效应11 .呼吸速率12 .呼吸商13 .细胞色素14 .分子内呼吸15 .蛋白复合体16 .交替氧化酶17 .泛酿18 .解偶联剂19 .温度系数二、中译英1.Pbicrespiration3.anaerobicrespiration4.respiratoryrate5.respiratonquotient6.hexosemonophosphatepathway7.biologicaloxidation8.electrontransportchain9.cytochrome10.chemiosmotichyp

38、teincomplex18.alternateoxidase19.temperaturecoefficient三、名词解释1 .呼吸作用： 指生活细胞内的有机物质,在一系列酶的参与下,逐步氧化分配同时释放能量的过程.2 .有氧呼吸：指生活细胞在氧气的参与下,把某些有机物质彻底氧化

39、分解放出CO并形成水,同时释放能金的过程.3.糖酵解：指在细胞质内所发生的,由糖分艇为理箪 j,一4.二短酸循环：丙酮酸在有氧条件下,通过一人包括三竣酸和二竣酸的循环而逐步氧化分解CO的过程5.生物氧化：指有机物质在生物体内进行氧化,包括消耗氧生成CO和H2Q放出能量的过程.6.呼吸链：呼吸代谢中间产物的电子和质子？沿着一系列有顺序的电子传递体组成的电子传递途径,传递到分子氧的总轨道.7.P/O比：指呼吸链中每消耗1个氧原子与用去Pi或产生ATP的分子数.8.氧化磷酸化：是指呼吸链上的氧化过程,伴随着ADPM磷酸化为ATP的作用.9.巴斯德效应： 指氧对发酵作用的抑制现象.10.细胞色素：为一

40、类含有铁吓咻的复合蛋白.细胞色素辅基所含的铁能够通过原子价的变化逆向传递电子,在生物氧化中,它是一种重要的电子传递体.所放出的CO的事量或体力或所哌收Q的重量或体科柒衾不.-W吸系数.是指在一13.抗鼠呼吸：某些植物组织对氟化物不敏感的那局部呼吸.即在有氟化物存在的情况下仍能够进行其它的呼吸途径.ofATPsynthesizedpertwoelectronstransferreofATPsynthesizedpertwoelectronstransferredtooxygen.dtooxygen.11.呼吸速率：又称呼吸强度.以单位鲜重千重或单位面积在单位时间内12.呼吸商：又称呼吸系数.是指

41、在一定时间内彳植物组织释放CO的摩尔数与吸收氧的摩尔数之比.14.无氧呼吸：指在无氧条件下,细胞把某些有机物分解为不彻底的氧化产15.ADP/Oratio15.ADP/OratioTheratioofTheratioofhOsphceryAaDionhOsphceryAaDionttPrcPrc/ /vi(vi(O OstheonijmKeeATPstheonijmKeeATP 1 16.6.E El le ec ct tr rontransportchain(inthemitochondrion)Aseriontransportchain(inthemitochondrion)Aseries

42、ofproteinesofprotein_ _.oO.oO2 2.Inthe.Icessalargeamountoffreeenergyisreleased.SomeofthatenergyiscoriservedasanelectrochSomeofthatenergyiscoriservedasanelectrochemicalprotonemicalprotong g7 7a aenOxidativephosphorylationenOxidativephosphorylationAseri

43、esofproteininnermitochondrialdbythAseriesofproteininnermitochondrialdbythemobileelectroncarriersubiquinoneandcytemobileelectroncarriersubiquinoneandcytochromeqthatcatalyzethetransferofelectrochromeqthatcatalyzethetransferofelectronsfromNADHonsfromNADHcomplexesin.theinnmecomplexesin.theinnmembranelin

44、kembranelinkeTransferofelectronstooxygeninthemitochondTransferofelectronstooxygeninthemitochondrialelectrontransportchainthatiscoupledtorialelectrontransportchainthatiscoupledtoATPsynthesisfromADPandphosphateATPsynthesisfromADPandphosphate可theATPstheATPs8n nthasthasijcolysisAseriesofAseriesofreactio

45、nsinwhichglucoseispreactionsinwhichglucoseispartlyoxidizedtoproduceIWomartlyoxidizedtoproduceIWomoleculesofpyruvate.Asmallaoleculesofpyruvate.AsmallamountofATPandNADHisproducemountofATPandNADHisproduced.d.xVxxVxxV22232425262728Xxvvvx五、选择题1.2.3.CBB101112.C.C.C192021.A.A.C282930.B.A.A3738.C.D4.5.6.CAA

46、131415.A.A.B222324.C.B.B313233.D.C.D7.8.9.BAB161718.A.C.D252627.C.A.C343536.B.B.D六、填空题moleculesoftomoleculesoftofATPandfATPand四、是非题.Xxvx111213145.6.7.XX,1516178.9.10XX.V181920 x2115鱼藤酮、安米妥、抗霉素A、氟化物.16 .117 .温度、氧、二氧化碳、机械损伤1 .有氧呼吸,无氧呼吸,GH2Q+6HO+6O6CO+12HO+2870KJ2 .线粒体.3 .糖酵解,三竣酸循环和戊糖磷酸循环.4发酵,乳酸

47、发酵.5 .Krebs6 .细胞质、细18 .25C-35C19 .呼吸作用正常进行20 .加快21 .电子传递磷酸化和宸物水下磷酸化胞质、 细胞质、 线粒体基质7.基氏_8.NAlNADP9 .2.510 .NADPH11 .细胞色素a3和C212 .呼吸商13 .3014 .氢传递体,电子传递体1.答：1呼吸作用提供植物生命活动所需的大局部篦量.植物对矿质营养的吸收和运输、有机物的合成和运输、细胞的分裂和伸长植株的生长和发育等,都是靠呼吸作用提供能量.,_?呼吸过程也回*物力耳他他令物自成暹供原料.即呼吸作用在植物体内有机物转变方面起着枢纽作用.2答：有三种条途径：糖酵解、三竣酸循环和戊糖璘酸途摩.一一糖酵解和戊糖磷酸途径是在细胞质中进行的；三竣酸循环在线粒体中进行.3,答：1光合作用所需的ADP供光合磷酸化+产生ATP