上海市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案

1、上海市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 阅读理解Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone （里程碑）in space research. On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 became the first lunar probe （ 月球探测器 ）in history to successfully land on the far side of the moon.The Earth's gravity （重力）slows the moon's rotatio

2、n （自转）,matching it to the speed of its orbit （公转）.Therefore, the far side of the moon is almost "dark" and has never been seen. It's this sense of the unknown that makes the far side of the moon such an interesting place for scie ntific and space research. Being blow n by solar （太阳的）wi

3、n ds, the far side may have the special minerals （矿物质）.For this reason, Chang'e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any min eral found by the spacecraft. Chan g'e-4 is also carry ing flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the m

4、oon. If it is, the n the moon will become a possible choice for space travel in the future.However, research of the "dark" side isn't easy. As the far side is blocked（ 阻断）off from us, radio noise coming off Earth is also blocked. This is why China's relay satellite （中继卫星） Queqiao w

5、as sent up in May, 2018. Thanks to Queqiao, the com muni cati on problem betwee n Earth and Chan g'e-4 has bee n well solved.Power supply （电源供应 ）is also a challenge to the task. Chang'e-4 gets energy from the sun through its solar pan els. As we know, a lunar day has the len gth （ 长度）of 28 E

6、arth days. After Chan g'e-4 was sent up on December 8, 2018, it took the probe over 20 days to orbit the moon to be in a positi on to be able to land in moon daylight and use its solar pan els.Luckily, everyth ing goes well, Chan g'e-4 has worked on the "dark" side for over 5 mon t

7、hs. It has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon and has been used to carry out some scientific experime nts.The New York Times used the word "groundbreaking" to praise the task and wrote that "it will offer help to the history and development of the moon".（1）When was

8、 Chang'e-4 sent up?A. In May, 2018.B. On December 8, 2018.C. On Jan uary 3, 2019.D. The passage does n't tell us.(2) The main tasks of Chang'e-4 don't include.A. study ing if life is possible on the moonB. study ing the effect of solar winds on the lunar surfaceC. solvi ng the com mu

9、ni cati on problem betwee n Earth and other probesD. research ing any min eral found by the spacecraft(3) The meaning of the underlined word "groundbreaking" in the last paragraph is the closestto "".A. harmfulB. un predictableC. riskyD. pion eeri ng(4) According to the passage,

10、which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Chan g'e-4 has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon.B. A lunar day has the len gth of 28 Earth days.C. Chin a's relay satellite Queqiao was sent up in order to offer power supply to probes.D. Chan g'e-4 is the first l unar pro

11、be in history that has successfully Ian ded on the "dark" side of the moon.【答案】(1) B(2) C(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了中国的嫦娥四号月球探测器，为我们讲述了嫦娥四号升空时间，什么时候在月球背面着陆，如何跟地球进行通讯联系等等。(1) 细节理解题，根据 After Cha ng'e-4 was sent up on December 8, 可知，嫦娥四号是在2018年12月8号发射升空的，故答案是B。(2) 细节理解题，根据For this reaso

12、n, Cha ng'e-4 will study the effect of solar winds onthe lunar surface and any mi neral found by the spacecraft. Chan g'e-4 is also carry ing flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon.可知，嫦娥四号的人物包括研究月球表面的太阳风的影响，寻找矿物质，携带花种、土豆和 蚕卵看，他们是否恩能够在月球成活，不包括解决地球

13、与月球的通讯问题，故答案是Co(3) 细节理解题，grou ndbreaki ng的一是是开创性的， A.有伤害的；B.难以预料的；C.冒 险的，D先锋，故答案是Do(4) 正误判断题，根据Thanks to Queqiao, the com muni cati on problem betwee nEarthand Cha ng'e-4 has been well solved.可知鹊桥中继卫星的发射是微利解决通讯问题，故答案是Co【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和正误判断题，细节理解题一般可知直 接在文中找到答案，正误判断题也是细节理解题的一种，也是基于短文内容进行判断

14、的。2.(2017河北)阅读理解CHere is a story: A man sees a butterfly( 蝴蝶). The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis( 蛹).Feeli ng sorry for it, the man decides to help. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surpris in gly eno ugh, the butterfly is un able to fly. If the butterfly does

15、n't struggle( 挣扌 L; 奋斗)to leave the chrysalis, it can't fly! The struggle develops the energy in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges of life bring out the best in young people and make the fly.When people are young, meet ing and overco ming challe nges will make them

16、strong and ready to face life. When we look at successful people, we see that the most successful of them are people who have had to struggle. One famous bus in essma n, who now owns many big supermarkets, used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to door whe n he was young. Ano ther

17、 successful man is Dennis. His father died whe n he was only twe nty. His father's death forced him to mature fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. He took up the challe nges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are lead ing successful lives.Sometimes challe nges do not

18、appear to us because we keep away from them. So some pare nts and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges. They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like rock-climbing, camping, volunteer work and so on. However, just passing exams w

19、ill not prepare a person for life. We must meet and overcome challenges. The young people of today will become the leaders of tomorrow. For countries to continue to become successful, it is important that the young people learn to meet challe nges and overcome them.(1) From the story we know that th

20、e butterfly can't fly because.A. it gets out by itselfB. the man feels sorry for itC. it tries to challe nge itselfD. the man helps it come out(2) Dennis's example shows that successful people should.A. overcome the difficultiesB. take up bus in ess earlyC. become the leaders of tomorrowD. s

21、ell clothes from door to door(3) The meaning of the underlined word "mature" in the passage is "".A. wake upB. give upC. grow upD. bring up(4) What is the writer trying to do in this passage?A. Describe where a butterfly comes from.B. En courage young people to face challe nges.C

22、. Suggest how to become a successful bus in essma n.D. Expla in what will happe n if a pers on fails the exam(5) What is the best title for this passage?A. Successful People Have a Sense of Achieveme ntB. Young People Must Develop Their En ergy ActivelyC. Coun tries Should Continue to Become Success

23、fulD. Challenges of Life Bring Out the Best in Young People【答案】 （ 1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B（5）D【解析】 【分析】本文论述了挑战在人生经历中的重要性，最终告诉人们：年轻人学会面 对挑战并战胜挑战非常重要。（1）D,细节判断题。问题：从文章中我们知道，蝴蝶不能飞是因为。根据问题主句 “the butterfly can't fly 定位答案在第一段。根据文章叙述"Feelingsorry for it, the mandecides to help. He cuts the chrysalis and t

24、he butterfly comes out easily . Surprisingly enough, the butterfly is unable to fly. （人因为蝴”蝶痛苦而感到遗憾，决定帮助它，人切断茧，蝴蝶很容 易的出来，但吃惊的是不能飞）；选项 A. it gets out by itself 它自己出来； B. the man feels sorry for it 人因此感到遗憾； C. it tries to challenge itself 它试图挑战自己； D. the man helps it come out 人帮助它出来；结合文章语境及选项内容可知，正确答案

25、是D。（2） A，综合判断题。问题：Dennis的例子说明成功的人应该 。根据 Dennis的例子，定位答案在第二段。根据第二段结构，举例是为了说明本段第一句的主题句，即“ When people are young, meeting and overcoming challenges will make them strong and ready to face life. When we look at successful people, we see that the most successful of them are people who have had to struggle

26、. （人”们年轻时遇到并战胜挑战使他们强壮并准备面向生 活，成功的人最成功之处是他们不得不挣扎）；选项A. overcome the difficulties 战胜困难； B. take up business early 早早地开始生意； C. become the leaders of tomorrow 成为明天 的主人； D. sell clothes from door to door 挨家挨户的卖衣服；根据语境及选项判断可知，选 项B, C和D与文章论述不符，故正确答案是A。（3） C,语义推理题。问题：文章中划线单词“mature的意思是 。根据黑体位置定位答案需重点理解第二段，根

27、据文章对 Dennis 的叙述，上文 “父亲在他 20 岁时去世，父亲的 去世迫使他 迅速。 的联系上下文及选项 A. wake up 起床； B. give up 放弃； C. grow up成长； D. bring up 提出；养育；可知，正确答案是C。（4） B,主旨理解题。问题：文章中作者试图做什么？首先分析选项：A. Describe where abutterfly comes from.描述蝴蝶来自哪； B. Encourage young people to face challenges.鼓励年轻 人面对挑战； C. Suggest how to become a succe

28、ssful businessman. 建议如何成为成功的商 人； D. Explain what will happen if a person fails the exam. 解释如果一个人考试失败将会发生 什么。文章的主旨英语主旨句密切相关，分析文章结构可知，文章的中心句在最后一句“itis important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them. 可知，的中心句 与选项 B 相一致，故正确答案是 B（5）D，主旨理解题。问题：文章最好的题目是什么？选项分析：A. Successful Peopl

29、eHave a Sense of Achievement 成功的人有成就感； B. Young People Must Develop Their Energy Actively 年轻人必须积极开发他们的能量； C. Countries Should Continue to Become Successful国家应该继续变得成功；D. Challe nges of Life Bring Out the Best in Young People 年轻人人生中的挑战成就最美人生；根据文章结构及中心理解，结合选项对比可知，正确答案为D。【点评】文化教育类阅读理解要求学生能够准确把握文章论述的观点，作

30、者的态度，作者 通过哪些方式或手段对观点进行了论述。这是此类文章解题的重要思路。文章的主题句通 常在文章的开头或结尾，有时也会根据文章结构的需要做适当的调整。阅读理解时，首先 应主动去发现文章的主题句，这对理解文章至关重要。3 阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答 案。BWe are excited whe n we reach our goals, and at that mome nt we laugh, clap, even are over the moon. Without doubt, good results make us joyful.

31、 However, we can not always get what we want and be the winner all the time. Some people can't help doubting, "Are our efforts in vain?"The answer is "No". We should remember that we are not only measured by how many goals we've reached, but also by how we've acted, w

32、hich means the process（ 过程）is also important.Here is an example. Fruit is delicious. It takes trees a long time to bear it. In the process of grow ing, trees have to suffer from bad weather, i nsect bites and also inten ti onal destruct ion（故意破坏）from human beings. So it is with us. Our life is like

33、a journey. At the beginning, we set a destination （目标），dreaming of it every night, but we should never forget that we spend most of our time on the journey. Unfortunately, many people only complain about the failure and then give up hope. In fact, it is failure that teaches us to be brave and sta nd

34、 on our own feet.I myself deeply believe that only those who have experieneed a lot can own the highly-valued character; only those who have take n a lot of adve ntures can have the cha nee to succeed. As the say ing goes, "No pains, no gain s." We are still young, still full of en ergy, s

35、o why are we afraid of failure and why do we hesitate（ 犹豫）to take an adventure?Young men, let's forget results, leave out pains, and just look forward and don't miss any cha nee on the journ ey!（1）Reaching our goals will make us.A. laugh at others B. be over the moonC. asset ano ther goal D.

36、 forget our efforts（2）What does the underlined phrase "in vain" mean in Chinese?A.值得B益处（高效Dt劳（3）The writer gives an example of fruit in order to say.A. fruit is deliciousB. people can also suffer a lot in lifeC. it's hard for a tree to bear fruitD. we should grow trees to get good frui

37、t（4）Only those whowill get the good character.A. have gone through a lotB. work very hardC. believe that things will be better and better D. believe in themselves(5) What's the best title for this passage ?A. Stand on Our Own FeetB. Process Is Also Importa ntC. Don't Doubt YourselfD. Failure

38、 Is the Mother Of Success【答案】(1) B(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) B【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了做任何事情的过 程对我们来说也很重要。(1) 纟田节理解题，根据第一段We are excited whe n we reach our goals, and at that mome ntwe laugh, clap, even are over the moon.可知当我们达到目标时，我们很兴奋，在那一刻，我 们笑，鼓掌，甚至感觉在月亮上，故选B。(2) 词义猜测题，根据第一段"Are our efforts

39、in vain?"可知这句是说 我们的劳动是徒劳的 吗”故选Do(3) 纟田节理解题，根据第三段In the process of growing, trees have to suffer from badweather, insect bites and also intentional destruction( 故意破坏)from human beings. So it is with us.可知作者给出水果的例子是为了说明我们在生活中也会遭受很多，故选Bo(4) 细节理解题，根据倒数第二段I myself deeply believe that only those who

40、have experie need a lot can own the highly-valued character; 可知只有那些经历过很多的人有高尚的 品格，故选A o(5) 主旨大意题，通读全文可知作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了过程也很重要，故选B。 【点评】这篇短文内容比较简单，理解不难，但是文章较长，需要仔细阅读。4阅读下面的材料.从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Dear Lucy,How are you? It has bee n a mon th si nce my family left Hong Kong for En gla nd and we are

41、 fine.England is very different from Hong Kong. The weather is terrible and it rains a lot. The buildings are funny. They are in rows and not high. I love them because the rooms are much larger. I'm havi ng a won derful at my new school and my new home!Mum and Dad are happy with their new jobs.

42、But my brother Jack does n't like moving to En gla nd because he misses his friends so much.rve made lots of new friends at school. My teachers are really nice too and my English has improved a lot. After school, we can take part in relaxing activities such as sport, watching films or playing co

43、mputer games. There's a park near the school where I often go with the other stude nts at the weeke nd.We are travelli ng back to Hong Kong for the summer holiday. I will visit you and bring you a prese nt!Write back soon!Love,Sandy(1) Where did Sandy's family live before?A. Hong Kong.B. Syd

44、 ney.C. New York.D. L on do n.(2) Sandy loves the buildings in England because their rooms are .A. cheaperB. warmerC. n ewerD. larger(3) How many people are there in Sandy's family?A. 2.B. 4.C. 6.D. 8.(4) Who does not like moving to England?A. Dad.B. Mum.C. Jack.D. Sa ndy.(5) What is the letter

45、mainly about?A. San dy's summer holiday.B. San dy's pare nts.C. San dy's new classmates.D. San dv's new life.【答案】(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) C(5) D(1)细节理解题。根据文中的语句【解析】【分析】文章大意：Sandy向Lucy介绍了他一家从香港搬到英国后的生活状况。It has been a month since my family left Hong Kong forEngland and we are fine.理解可知，Sand

46、y以前住在香港，故选 A。(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句They are in rows and not high. I love them because therooms are muchlarger.理解可知,Sandy喜欢英国房子的原因就是比香港的大很多，故选(3)细节理解题。根据文中的语句DoMum and Dad are happy with their new jobs. But mybrother Jack does n't like moving to En gla nd because he misses his friends so much. 理解可知，(4)

47、细节理解题。根据文中的语句Sandy家有四口人，故选B。But my brother Jack does n't like movi ng to En gla ndbecause he misses his friends so much.可知，Jack 不喜欢搬家至 U英国，故选C。(5)理解归纳题。通读全文可知此文主要介绍了Sandy到英国以后的新生活，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。5 阅读理解UTTLE WOMEN Zr3V 刀Good NeighboursMr.

48、and Mrs. March lived together with their four daughters. Amy was very shy. Beth loved being at home. Meg looked very pretty. Jo was tall and thi n and she was a tomboy. Their home was always busy and full of noise and people. Next to them lived old Mr. Laurenee and his gra ndson, Laurie. They lived

49、in a very large and comfortable house. But it was a house without life.One day, Joe saw Laurie sta nding at an upstairs window in his house and look ing down at their garde n. Jo's sisters were play ing in the snow there. They were throw ing sno wballs and havi ng a lot of fun. But Laurie's

50、face was very sad."Poor boy!" Jo thought. "He's all alone. He n eeds some frien ds." She could n't stop thinking about him. She wan ted to go and see him, but how could she go to the house without an in vitati on?Then one snowy afternoon, she saw Laurie's gra ndpa go

51、out. This gave her an idea. She took a broom from the kitche n."What are you going to do, Jo?" asked her sister Meg."To clear the garde n path." An swered Jo.When Laurie saw Jo from the win dow, a big smile cha nged his pale, sad face.Jo laughed and shouted, "How are you? Ar

52、e you ill?"Laurie opened the window and said," I'm better now, thank you. I had a bad cold and had to stay in side for a week"."I'm sorry," said Jo. "Are you bored?""Yes, very." he replied."Don't your friends come to visit you?""

53、;No. But I don't want to see an ybody. Boys are no isy and they give me a headache.""Girls are quiet.""I don't know any girls.""You know us.""That's true! Can you come and visit me?" cried Laurie."I'm not quiet, but rd like to come,&q

54、uot; replied Jo. "I must ask Mother first." She ran back into her house.A few minutes later, she returned and rang the bell on the door of Laurie's house. A servant took her upstairs."Here I am!" she said brightly. "Mother sends her love and my sisters gave me this bla n

55、cma nge 件奶冻)for you.""That looks delicious," Laurie said. He was very happy to see Jo.Jo looked around. There were lots of books on the shelves."A n ice room!" she said. "I can read to you if you like.""No, let's talk," replied Laurie."All right,

56、" said Jo, "I can talk for hours. My sisters say I n ever know whe n to stop.""You have three sistersAmy, Beth and Meg." Laurie con ti nu ed."How do you know this?" Jo was surprised."You call each other's n ames whe n you are in the garde n. Sometimes I ca

57、n see you all aroundthe table with your mother. She has a very kind face. I like look ing at her. I have n't got a mother."Jo felt sad whe n she heard this."Why don't you come and visit us?" she said, "It isn't good for you to stay in this house all the time."&qu

58、ot;Tha nk you. I'd like to come very much." Said Laurie."We know all our n eighbours except you." Jo said, "I'm glad we're friends no w."She told him about all the interesting things in her life. She said," Besides( 除了之夕卜)plays, Ialso love books." Lauri

59、e loved books too, and offered to show her the library in the house. The library was a won derful room. Jo loved it."Wow!" she said, "All those books!"Laurie said, "A pers on n eeds more tha n books."(Adapted from Little Wome n)(1) From the first paragraph, we know.A. J

60、o's family had five membersB. Jo and Laurie were n eighboursC. Laurie and his gran dpa were busyD. the four sisters had the same hobby(2) Jo wan ted to visit Laurie because.A. she wan ted to visit his large houseB. Laurie in vited her to play with sno wballsC. she felt he was Ion ely and n eeded friendsD. Laurie was seriously ill and n eeded her care(3) What might be the correct order of what happened in the story?a. Jo saw Laurie sta nding at an upstairs window in his house.b. Jo and Laurie were havi ng a