CHAPTER-8--EXPAINING-A-PROCESS

1、文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载! CHAPTER 8 EXPAINING A PROCESSWhen you explain how to do or make something, such as how to program your cell phone or how to make rice and beans, you are explaining a process. Similarly, when you explain how something works or happens, such as how an engine works or how your body d

2、igests food, you are also describing a process. When you describe a process, you should organize the steps according to time order.Read the paragraph and underline the topic sentence. Then answer the questions. One of the easiest ways to send out invitations to a party is to use a website called Evi

3、te. First, go to www. E and click on create an invitation. Then, choose an invitation from one of the hundreds they offer. After that, type in the details of your party such as the date, address, and start time. Next, enter all the e-mail addresses of the people you want to invite. Finally, check ov

4、er the invitation and click send. You wont believe how easy it is and Evite automatically keeps a record of who is coming to your party. I recommend that you try Evite the next time you are giving a party.1. What steps does the author give?2. How are the steps organized?WRITING TOPIC SENTENCES FOR P

5、ROCESS PARAGRAPHSThe topic sentence of a process paragraph must identify the process and tell something about it. Write a topic sentence for the following paragraphs.1. First, get a copy of the receipt that shows you paid your tuition. Then take the receipt to the Student Affairs building. Go to the

6、 ID office and show the secretary your receipt. After that, get your picture taken. Remember to smile! Wait three minutes for your picture to be processed and your ID to be printed. Finally, sign your ID and put it in your wallet.2. First of all, write your name and address in the upper left-hand co

7、rner of the envelope. Then write the name and address of the person you are mailing the letter to in the center of the envelope. This usually takes three lines. Put the name on the first line. Write the street address on the second line and the city and state on the third line. Remember to include t

8、he zip code. Finally, put a stamp in the upper right-hand corner. The most important thing to remember is to write neatly!3. First, fill a clean vase with water. Second, cut most of the flowers and greens so they are approximately two times the height of your vase. Then, cut a couple of the flowers

9、two inches longer. After you are finished cutting the flowers, you can begin to put the greens in the vase. Now add the other flowers. Start at the outer edge of your vase. Put the longest flowers in the center of your arrangement. Then take a few steps back and admire your bouquet.5 / 54. First, pu

10、t all the items you want to take on your bed and organize everything into groups. For example, put all your shoes in one group, all your clothes in another, all your underwear in a third, and so on. After that, place your shoes on the bottom of the suitcase. Then take your pants, fold them in half,

11、roll them up, and place them in the bottom of the suitcase around the shoes. You can fill empty space on the bottom with socks and underwear. Next, fold and put flat items such as shirts and sweaters as a second layer. Finally, place your last layer of items in the suitcase. This way of packing help

12、s you get organized and stay organized when you travel.PARAGRAPH POINTER: Time Order Signal WordsWhen you describe a process you put the steps in time order. In order to make the steps clear, you should use time order signal words to guide the reader from one step to the next. Complete the following

13、 paragraph using signal words. It is every easy to make good popcorn. First, put three or four tablespoons of oil in a large heavy pot. , heat the oil on a high flame until one kernel of popcorn pops when you drop it into the hot oil. When the oil is hot enough, pour one-quarter cup of popcorn into

14、the pot and cover it with a lid. , reduce the flame to medium and begin to shake the pot gently. Continue shaking the pot until all the corn has popped. , empty the popcorn into a large bowl and add melted butter and salt.WRITING PROCESS PARAGRAPHSActivity 1A. The following sentences describe how to

15、 make a sundae, but they are not in the correct time order. Find the topic sentence and put a 1 in front of it. Use the signal words to help you put the steps in the right order, from 2 to 5.Making a Sundae_ Next, cover the fudge with whipped cream._ Chocolate sundaes are one of the easiest desserts

16、 to make._ Finally, sprinkle chopped nuts on the whipped cream and put a cherry on top._ Then pour two tablespoons of hot fudge sauce over the ice cream._ First, put two or three large scoops of your favorite kind of ice cream in a dish.B. Use the steps to write a paragraph.Activity 2A. The followin

17、g sentences describe what to do if someone is choking. First, find the topic sentence. Then number the sentences in the right order.The Heimlich Maneuver_ Then make a fist with one hand and grasp the fist with your other hand. Put your hands just below the persons rib cage._ The Heimlich Maneuver is

18、 a method that anyone can use to help someone who is choking on a piece of food._ Finally, press your fist into the victims abdomen with a quick upward movement._ The first thing you should do is stand behind the choking person and put your arms around the persons waist._ If the person is still chok

19、ing, you may need to repeat the maneuver.B. Now write a paragraph based on the steps.Activity 3A. Study the pictures. They show how to pot a plant. Use the pictures to number the steps in the correct time order. (此处略去7幅图)Potting a Plant_ Make a hole in center of soil._ Press soil down with thumbs._

20、Cover bottom of pot with small stones._ Drop plant into soil._ Put two inches of soil on top of rocks._ Water plant._ Add soil until it almost reaches top of pot.B. Use the steps to complete the paragraph. It is easy to pot a plant if you follow the right procedure. Writing ExercisePrewritingA. Choo

21、se one of the following processes to write about.How to: plan a party make your favorite dish get cash from an automatic teller machine study for an exam program your cell phone plant a garden send or receive an e-mailB. Make a list of all the steps in the process.C. Number the steps so they are in

22、the correct time order.D. Write a topic sentence that identifies the process and tells something about it.WritingWrite the first draft of a paragraph describing the process. Begin with your topic sentence. Use the list of steps from your prewriting as a guide.RevisingA. Read over your paragraph and

23、look for ways to improve it. Use the Revising Checklist on page 66 to help you. As you revise your paragraph, think about these questions.1. Are your steps in correct time order?2. Did you leave out any important steps in the process?3. Did you use imperative sentences?B. Check for errors in grammar

24、, spelling, and punctuation. Copy your revised paragraph on a separate piece of paper.DESCRIBING STEPS IN AN EXPERIMENTDescribe processes is very important in scientific and technical fields.A. Study the following lab report.WATER EXPANSION EXPERIMENTPurpose: To show that water expands when frozenMa

25、terials: A glass jar, waterProcedure:1. Fill the glass jar halfway with water.2. Mark the outside of the jar at water level.3. Put the jar in the freezer until the water freezes.4. Observe and mark the new water level.Results: The level of the frozen water is higher.B. Read the paragraph that describes the experiment and answer the questions. Your can do a simple experiment to prove that water expands when it is frozen. All your need is an empty glass jar. First, fill half the jar with water. Then mark the water level on the outside of the jar. After that, put the jar