2022年中考英语知识归纳复习专题句子的种类外研版20222205118

1、句子的种类【句子的种类】简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成，按句子功能一般分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感慨句。【简单句的根本句型】类型例句备注例句备注主语+谓语(不及物动词)we study hard.我们努力学习。某些不及物动词加特定介词后可带宾语，如listen to等。主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语i like apples.我喜欢苹果。宾语为代词时，要用宾格代词。主语+系动词+表语the girl is kind.这个女孩很友好。表语多为名词或形容词，系动词look,taste,

2、smell等后面常跟形容词作表语。主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语she bought me a card.她给我买了一张卡片。常见的此类动词：give,buy,show,pass等。主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语he made the baby cry.他把这个婴儿弄哭了。常见的此类动词：make,keep,let,see,hear,notice等。【考点训练1】1.my younger brother is smart and i have already taught _ (he) som

3、e english.2.the orange tastes _ (good/well).3.loud music always makes me _ (want) to dance.答案：him good want【陈述句】类型用途例句肯定句肯定的陈述，表示 “是如此。they usually go to school by bike.他们经常骑自行车去上学。否认句否认的陈述，表示“不是如此。they wont go to the park tomorrow.他们明

4、天不去公园。注意：否认句是在be动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，常用缩略形式，要注意人称、时态的一致。【考点训练2】1.i woke up early in the morning.改为否认句i _ up early in the morning.2.carrots are grown all over the world.改为否认句carrots _all over the world.3.they have gone to africa.改为否认句they _ to africa.答案：didnt wake arent grown havent gone【疑问句】类型用途句型例句一般疑问

5、句询问一件事或情况是否属实。1.be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+表语/动词原形/分词？2.答语:yes,代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词；no,代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词+notare you a student?你是学生吗？yes,i am./no,im not.是的，我是。/不，我不是。特殊疑问句针对句子某一具体成分提问。特殊疑问词+谓语/一般疑问句？what are you doing?你在做什么？i am reading a book.我在看书。选择疑问句提供

6、两种或两种以上的情况供选择。1.一般疑问句+or+另一个选择项？2.特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择项？do you like english or math？你喜欢英语还是数学？english.英语。反意疑问句由“陈述句+简短问句构成，表示问话者欲对陈述句局部进行证实。1.肯定陈述句+否认的简短问句？2.否认陈述句+肯定的简短问句？emily has been to japan twice,hasnt she?埃米莉去过两次日本了，对吗？no,she hasnt.不，她

7、没去过。常见疑问词组及其用法疑问词用法备注who询问身份whose询问“所有者意为“谁的which询问特定的人或物what询问具体信息 号码、地址等还可询问职业、日期when询问时间where询问地点、位置why询问原因常用because从句来答复。how询问方式怎样常用来询问交通方式；答语中出现by+v.ing时，一般用how来提问。【考点训练3】1._ you ever _ to shanghai?yes,i went there last year. a.are;going b.do;goc.did;go d.have;been2._ are you going to england?

8、to visit my uncle.he lives there with his family. a.what b.whenc.why d.how3.do you like listening to country music or rock music?_.it brings me pleasure. a.yes,i do b.no,i dontc.i like music d.country music4.david never fights with his classmates，_? a.does he b.doesnt hec.is he d.isnt he答案：dcda祈使句祈使

9、句表示请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱、号召、建议等。类型结构例句肯定祈使句动词原形+其他come in,please.请进。let+宾语+动词原形+其他lets go!我们走吧！be+表语+其他。be careful,please.请小心否认祈使句dont+动词原形+其他dont do that again!不要再那样做。no+名词/动名词+其他no parking here!这儿禁止停车！【考点训练4】1._ me the truth,or ill be angry. a.telling b.to tell c.told

10、 d.tell2._ late for school again,tim!sorry,i promise that i _. a.dont;wont b.dont be;wontc.dont be;dont d.dont;will3._ the baby cry. a.not let b.let not c.dont let d.no let答案：d bc感慨句感慨句是表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤、哀伤等强烈感情的句子。通常由what或how引导,what后以名词为中心，how后以形容词或副词为中心，句末常用感慨号。 类型结构例句what型what+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+

11、谓语！what a beautiful girl she is!她是多么漂亮的女孩啊！what+形容词+可数名词的复数形式/不可数名词+主语+谓语！what important jobs they have done!他们做了多么重要的工作啊！what sweet water it is!多么甜的水啊！how型how+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！how beautiful a picture i

12、t is！多么漂亮的一幅画啊！how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！how cute the dog is!这只狗多么可爱啊！how+主语+谓语！how time flies!时间过得多么快啊！【考点训练5】1.the weather is very hot.改为感慨句_ the weather is!2.what surprising news it is!改为同义句_ the news is!3.how delicious the food is!改为同义句_ food it is!4.they are running fa

13、st.改为感慨句_ they are running!5.i have read a very interesting book.改为感慨句_ interesting book i have read!答案：how hot how surprising what delicious how fast what an there be句型there be句型表示“某地或某时有某人或某物，there是引导词，没有实际意义，句中的be与离它最近的名词在数方面保持一致。1.there be句型的常用结构时态结构例句一般现在时there is/are+sb./sth.+地点状语there

14、60;is a pen on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔。一般过去时there was/were+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示过去的时间状语there were many people in the theater last night.昨晚剧院里有很多人。一般将来时there will be(is/are going to be)+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示将来的时间状语there

15、0;is going to be a basketball match next friday.下周五将有一场篮球比赛。与情态动词连用there+情态动词+be+sb./sth.+地点状语/时间状语there must be some cute animals in the zoo.动物园里一定有一些可爱的动物。2.there be句型的句式变化句式变化规那么例句否认句一般是在be动词或助动词后面加not。there isnt

16、 any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。一般疑问句一般是把be动词提前到句首。are there many people in the park on weekends?周末公园里有很多人吗？yes,there are./no,there arent.是的，有。/不，没有。【考点训练6】1.is there a watermelon on the table? _. a.yes，there is b.yes，it isc.

17、no，there is d.no，it isnt2.there _ a football match between class one and class three this afternoon. a.is going to be b.are going to bec.is going to have d.will have3.there _ some juice in the glass just now. a.is b.arec.was d.were答案：aac 【倒装句】初中阶段对于倒装句的考查主要集中在对so与neither/nor引导的倒装句的辨析。结构说明例句so+be动词/助

18、动词/情态动词+主语表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同。i like reading english,and so does he.我喜欢读英语，他也喜欢。neither/nor +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语表示与上文提到的否认情况相同。you wont go,and neither shall i.你不去,我也不去。注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不用倒装结构;意为“确实如此。如：he is a good actor.他是个好演员。so he is.确

19、实如此。【考点训练7】1.what language is that guy speaking? i can hardly catch a single word!_.hes from india,so i guess its hindi. a.neither i can b.neither can ic.so i can d.so can i2.i think you are different now.of course,times have changed and_. a.so have i b.so i havec.neither have i d.neither i have答案 b

20、 a【考题热身】1.(2022·毕节) _ have you felt like this?three days. a.how long b.how oftenc.how much d.how many2.(2022·毕节)there _ some students on the playground. a.is b.have c.has d.are3.(2022·黔东南)sandy likes english best.she reads the texts every day._. a.so does jim b.so jim doesc.so jim is

21、d.so is jim4.(2022·黔东南)your mother is very busy.she hardly does morning exercises,_? a.isnt she b.does shec.doesnt she d.is she5.(2022·烟台)_?she is of medium height with blue eyes. a.how is ritab.what does rita likec.what does rita look liked.how do you like rita6.(2022·南京)excuse me,but can you tell me where the nearest bank