初二下Unit 8同步讲义（汪梦琴）

1、 精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级：初二 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型T (unit8)C(现在完成时）T（综合练习）授课日期时段教学内容 一、同步知识梳理1、Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an island full of teasure.雾都孤儿写一个男孩出海，发现了一个满是宝藏的岛。【解析1】画线部分是用来修饰“a boy”的定语从句。定语从句：定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必

2、须放在先行词之后。关系代词：引导定语从句的连词有关系代词：主要有that, which, who, whom。关系代词在从句中的作用例句who 指人，作主语The boy who is wearing a black jacket is very cute.whom 指人，作宾语(可省略)Do you know the young man (whom )we met this morning？that 指人或物，作主语、宾语（可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very m

3、uch.which 指物，作主语、宾语（可省略）The book( which) I gave you is very interesting.This is the book which is about Chinese history.练一练（1）Do you know the little boy _ is helping the old man cross the road? No. But how nice he is! A. which B. who C. Whom（2） Sorry,we dont have the coat _ you need. A.what B.who C.

4、whom D.which（3） The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting.A./ B.who C.whom D.what(BDA)【解析2】full of treasure 是形容词短语充当后置定语,修饰“island”，相当于“filled with treasure”。翻译：(1)瓶子里装满了水。_ (The bottle is full of water.) (2)我喜欢充满冒险的生活。_ (I like life full of risks.)2、You should hurry up. The book report is

5、due in two weeks.你应该抓紧时间，两周后就到交读书报告的时间了。【解析】be due 是“到期”的意思，due是形容词，“预期的”的意思。翻译：（1）这艘船预期明天早上起航。_ (The ship is due tomorrow morning) (2)下一班火车预计五分钟后到达。_ (The next train is due in five minutes) 3. Not long after that,I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a broken ship. 那之后不久，我看到一些食人族正试图杀害一艘破

6、船上的两个男人。【解析】see （saw , seen） v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）【拓展】和see有类似用法的动词还有watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to等。 如：Didnt you hear the clock ringing?你没听到闹钟正在响吗？ I saw her dance last night.我昨晚看见她跳舞了。【注意】用于被动语态中，要加上不定式符号to,即sb be seen to do st

7、h. 如：She was seen to dance last night. 翻译：(1)昨天有人看见他进了那家超市。_ (Someone saw him enter that supermarket yesterday) (2)今天早上八点钟我听见有人在外面唱歌。_ (I heard someone singing outside at 8:00 this morning) (3)他被看到从树上掉下来并且受伤了。_ (He was seen to fall off the tree and got hurt)4、 Every time she is in the library,Sally

8、looks at the many books she hasnt read yet and she cant wait to read them. 每次萨利在图书馆看着那许多她还没有看过的书，她就迫不及待地想把它们看完。【解析1】every time 与the minute,the moment等短语一样，后可接句子，引导一个时间状语从句。相类似用法的短语还有：the first time, next time,last time等。如：The first time I saw sally,I fell in love with her.第一次见到萨利时我就爱上她了。Next time I

9、see him, I will invite him to our school.下次我见到他，我会邀请他来我们学校的。翻译：每次坐出租车，我都犯恶心。_ (Every time I take the taxi, I feel sick)【解析2】cant wait to do sth 意为“迫不及待想要做某事”。如：I cant wait to see her. 我迫不及待地想要见到她。翻译：我迫不及待地想要知道考试的结果。_ (I cant wait to know the result of the exam)5. Im listening to a band called “The T

10、oms”. Have you heard of them yet?我正在听一支叫做“汤姆”的乐队。你听说过他们吗？【辨析】listen to与hear listen to 指听的动作，后常接 radio, music,tape等；hear指听的内容。 如：The teacher said “Everybody, please listen to me”.老师说：“大家请听我说”。 I listened carefully,but I heard nothing.我仔细地听了，但是我什么都没听到。【解析】hear of/about表示“听说关于.”。 如：I heard of /about yo

11、ur plan.我听说过你的计划。练一练：(1) We dont know the singer, but we have _ her.A.listened B.listened of D.heard D.heard of(2)I didnt _ what you have said because I was _ the radio. A.listen to;hearing B.hear;listening to C.listen to;listening D.hear;hearing(3) _ are having dinner at home. A.Green B.The Green C

12、.The Greens D.Greens(DBC)6. The Toms must be popular.汤姆乐队一定家喻户晓。【解析】must,should,can,could,may,might等情态动词都可以表示推测意义，可能性大小为：mustshouldcancouldmaymight。但是must只能表示肯定的推测，如果要表示“一定不，肯定不”要用cant;而mustnt则表示“禁止，不准”。 如：He must know my address.他肯定知道我的地址。 He cant know my address.他不可能知道我的地址。 Can he know my address.

13、他知道我的地址吗？练一练：（1） -Is that girl Susan? -It _ be her. She left for Beijing yesterday. A.can B.cant C.mustnt D.must (2)-It _ be John who is still working in the office. -Im sure it _ be John. I saw him off at the airport just now. A.would;shouldnt B.may;mustnt C.must;cant D.can;neednt (3)Tom,you _ play

14、 with the knife. You _ hurt yourself. A.wont;cant B.mustnt;may C.shouldnt;must D.cant;should (BCB)7、When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family. 当萨拉还是个少女的时候，她曾和家人几乎为所有的事情争吵。【解析1】over表示原因，意为“关于”，常与fight,argue,quarrel等动词连用。 如：They had a quarrel over money.他们为了钱发

15、生了争吵。 翻译：他们为了谁是NBA最棒的球员争吵。_ (They had a argument over who is the best player in the NBA.)【解析2】 (1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完。Studying English is_(use).(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事。 We use Internet _(find) information. (3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 My mother used_（tell）us

16、 story when we were young. He used to _short and _ short hair when he was young. A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have (4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事My grandpa is used _(live) in country. (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth Stamps is used _(post) letters. My brother us

17、ed to _ up late, but now he is used to _ up early. A. get ;get B. getting; get C. get; getting D. getting; getting Keys are used _ the door. A. to open B. to opening C. open D. opening (useful,to find,to tell,B,to living,to post/for posting,C,A)8、She came to realize how much she actually missed all

18、of them.她终于意识到自己实际上很想念他们所有人。【解析1】划线部分为宾语从句，要用陈述语序。 练一练：They want to know _. A.where is the hospital B.how old are you C.when the train will leave D.why is the boy crying (C)【解析2】come to 表示“达到（认识，理解或相信的程度）”，有“终于开始.”的意思。 如：She had come to see the problem in a new light.她开始用新眼光看待这个问题。 翻译：我希望我们能成为朋友并且能够

19、理解对方。 _ (I hope we shall be friends and come to understand each other. )9、She has already read a lot about the place and done some research on it.她已经阅读了许多关于这个地方的资料并为此做了一些研究。【辨析】about和on about是“关于”的意思，指关于某件事情，内容比较普通；on是“关于”的意思，指系统地或理论性较强地 论述某事，如do research on.。翻译：(1)这篇关于物理的文章很有名。_ (The article on phy

20、sics is very famous.) (2)我们正在讨论关于讲座的事情。_ (We are talking about the lecture.)10、 However,country music brings us back to the good old days when people were kind to each other and trusted one another.然而，乡村音乐可以让我们回忆起过去的美好时光。那时人们友好且互相信任。【解析1】bring back 是“带回来，使忆起”的意思。 如：The photos bring back lots of good

21、 memories.这些照片唤起许多美好的回忆。【解析2】one another =each other 是“互相”的意思。 如：I think music is one way people can get to know each other/one another.我认为音乐是一种能让人们互相了解的途径。同义句转换：1. The photos reminded me of the good old days I once had with Lucy.The photos _ _ _ to the good old days I once had with Lucy.2. We have

22、to help each other now.We have to help _ _ now.3. I dont believe him.I dont _ him.(brought me back,one another,trust)11.I hope to see him sing live one day! 我希望有一天能看他现场演唱。【解析】live 作adv,是“现场”的意思，如：sing live 现场演唱。 作adj,是“现场的，直播的”的意思，如：It wasnt a recorded show. It was live.这不是一场录制 好的演出，这是直播的。翻译：朗朗将为我们现

23、场弹奏。_ (Lang Lang will play live for us)12.Have you introduced this singer to others?你向其他人介绍过这位歌手吗？【解析】introduce 此处作及物动词，意为“介绍”。introduce sb. / sth. to sb. 意为“向某人介绍”如：Let me introduce my friend to you. 让我给你介绍一下我的朋友。 Please let me introduce this new cell phone to you. 请让我向你介绍一下这款新手机。 【拓展】 introduce on

24、eself. 意为“自我介绍”。Permit me to introduce myself. 请允许我自我介绍。翻译：(1)请允许我自我介绍一下，我叫Tom._ (Please allow me to introduce myself, Im Tom) (2)您能给我们的读者介绍一下贵校吗？_ (Could you introduce to our readers about your school?)13.The song makes me feel.这本书使我.【解析】make sb do sth 意为“让某人做某事”。make 是使役动词,使役动词还有：let,have。 如：Pleas

25、e have him come here.请叫他到这里来。 I let them go.我让他们离开了。【注意】make sb do sth 在被动语态中要用sb be made to do。 如：He makes me laugh.他使我笑了。 I am made to laugh by him.我被他弄笑了。练一练：（1） They made me _ the story again and again. A.tell B.to tell C.told D.telling (2)People are dying, Jack. What would you have me _? A.do B

26、.to do C.did D.doing (3)You will be helped _ your English. A.improve B.to improve C.to be improved D.improving(AAB)14.Do you think it looks good on me?你觉得我穿这（连衣裙）好看吗？【解析】in+衣服/颜色，表示“穿着.”;衣服+on+人，表示“衣服穿在某人身上”。 如：He is in red.他身穿红色的衣服。 He is in a red coat. 他穿着一件红色的外套。 The red coat looks good on me.她穿着

27、件红色外套很好看。练一练：用in和on填空（1） You look good _ the blue skirt.（2） The blue skirt looks good _ you.(in,on)15. The number of records he has sold.他已售出的唱片的数量【解析】the number of 意为“的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：The number of visitors to Hong Kong has now increased.现在去香港参观的人数已增加。【拓展】a number of 表示“许多”，后接可数名词复数。 如：There ar

28、e a number of spelling mistakes in your article.你的文章里有许多拼写错误。练一练：（2013贵州安顺）In our school library there _ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them _ growing larger and larger.A. are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is （A）1、 现在完成时： havehas+过去分词1.用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调结果

29、。 例：Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now. 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，强调继续。 例：I have lived here since 1990.2.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work?否定句 He has not finished the work.两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt.特殊疑问句 What has he do

30、ne?3.yet / alreadyalready 通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词之后。例如： We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已经打扫了教室。yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中表示“还（没）”。例如： Has he found his watch yet?No, not yet. 练一练：按要求改写句子。(1). Has Jack read Tom Sawyer yet? （肯定回答） _ ，_ _.(2). Has he cut down that big tree yet? （否定回答） _，

31、 _ _.(3). They have found the lost books already. （改为一般疑问句并做否定回答） _ they _ the lost books _? No, they _.(4). Mr. Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999. （改为同义句） Mr. Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999.(5). They have finished doing their homework. （就划线部分提问） _ _ they _ ?(6). Julia h

32、as not got home from school yet. （改为肯定句） Julia _ _ home from school.（Yes,he has. No,he hasnt.Have found yet,havent,has,taught,What have done,has got）4has gone (to),has been (to)的区别（1）have/has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) 如:-Where is your father？-He has gone to Beijng. （2） have/has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）

33、如:My father has been to Beijng. (3)have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） 如：I have been in Hangzhou for one year.练一练：（1）She _ _ to Shanghai. （她已不在上海）（2）She _ _ to Shanghai. （她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海。总之，现在不在这里。） (3) Mary _ _ _ since 2011. She works in a hospital now. (has been,has gone,has been in)5. 规则动词过去分词的变化规则：

34、一般情况下加-ed；以-e结尾的，加-d；以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加-ed；重读闭音节单词，双写辅音字母加-ed。练一练：写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词形式：finish _ _ live _ _carry _ _ stop _ _go _ _ wait _ _ play _ _注意：不规则动词变化参见书本P( )。7. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：（1） 现在完成时强调的是已做过的事对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。如：He has bought a dictionary。他已经买了一本字典。（强调他现在有了一本字典）He bought a d

35、ictionary.他买了一本字典。（表示他过去买了一本字典，并不强调他现在有没有这本字典）【典型例题解析】:例1.Wheres your English teacher? She_ Beijing for a meeting. Shell come back in a week. A. went to B. has been to C. has gone to解析: 由问句可知老师不在说话现场，由答句可知她去北京了，并进一步说明她在一周后回来，所以用短语has gone to 某人去了某地。答案: C例2.Tony, _ you_ smoking? Yes. Drinking tea is

36、my favorite now. A. will stop B. did stop C. would stop D. have stopped解析: 由答语“现在喝茶是我最喜欢的”可知上句是在问“你已经戒烟了吗？”应用现在完成时态。答案: D（2） 现在完成时常与表示到现在为止的这段时间词，短语等连用，如：so far,up to(till,until)now(直到现在)，yet,already等连用；一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday,the other day(前两天),just now,时间段+ago,last+时间等连用。如：I have already finishe

37、d the job.我已经做完工作了。I finished my job last night.我昨晚做完了我的工作。练一练：（1）. -_ you _ your homework yet?- Yes. I_ it a moment ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; have finished C. Have; done; finished D. will; do; finish (2)I dont think I _you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C saw D. see

38、（3）- Nice to see you. I _ you for a long time. - I _ in Beijing. Ive just come back. A. hadnt seen; am B. havent seen; was C. didnt see; will be D. havent seen; shall be(CCB)专题过关1 用already或yet填空1. Ive _ seen that film,so Id rather see another one.2. -Has she decided _? -No,no _.3.-Its time to go. -I

39、m not ready_.4. She looked like a baby although she was _ thirty.5. She has _heard the news. There is no need to hide from her. (already,yet,yet,yet,already,already)二、根据汉语完成句子。1. 我们已把教室打扫干净。教室到处都很干净、整齐。 We _ already _ the classroom. Its clean and tidy everywhere.2. 我已经看完这部电影。 I _ _ the movie already

40、.3. 这支钢笔我只用过三次。它仍然是好的。 I _ _ this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 我的叔叔是一位作家，自从1990年以来他已经写了10多本书了。 My uncle is a writer. He _ _ more than ten books since 1990.5. Tony 小时候每个周末都踢足球。 Tom _ football every weekend when he was young.6. 他们已经决定学习英语了。 They _ _ to study English.7. 我妈妈在这家医院已经当医生十三年了。

41、My mom _ _ a doctor in this hospital _ 13 years.8. 她买了一台新电脑。 She _ _ a new computer.9. 昨晚你看书了吗？ _ you _ a book last night?10. 我已经种了四十年的树。 I _ _ the trees for 40 years.（have,cleaned,have watched,have used,has written,watched，have decided,have been,for,has bought,Did read,have planted）三句型转换 1. The stu

42、dent was studying in England. (改为一般疑问句) _ the student studying in England?2. The match has started.（改为一般疑问句）_ the match _?3. They have played basketball for an hour.（改为否定句） They _ _ basketball for an hour.4. I have seen the movie twice.（就划线部分提问） _ _ you _twice?5. He often listens to music in the cla

43、ssroom（就划线部分提问） _ _ he often _ in the afternoon?（Was,has,started,havent,What have seen,What does do）四单项选择( ) 1. Ive just got a new MP4.Where _ you _ it?In a shopping mall near here. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. are; bought D. were; getting ( ) 2. Will you go and see the movie Net Mother with me?Th

44、ank you. But I _ it already. A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see( ) 3. I began watching here an hour ago, but now nothing _ yet. A. happens B. will happen C. happened D. has happened （ ）4. -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive _ to the bank. A. gone, goneB. been, goneC. gone, beenD. been, been ( ) 5. Hel

45、lo, may I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, he isnt in. He _ the office. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away D. has left( ) 6. _ have you lived with your grandparents? About three years. A. Hong long B. How many C. How much D. How often （ ）7. Have you done most of your jobs? Not _. I will do them

46、 in a minute. A.really B. at all C. already D. Yet （ ）8. Beijing _ a lot in the past ten years. Now it has become one of the biggest modern _ in the world. A. changes; cities B. changed; city C. has changed; cities D. changed; cities ( )9. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _ it for two weeks.A.

47、keep B. borrowed C. have kept D. have lent ( )10. A: I havent seen a film this year.B: _. It is two years since I saw the last film.A .So do I B .Neither do I C .Neither have I D .So have I(BBDDB ADCCC)课后作业一、根据首字母提示写词。1He d_ to go for a trip.2H_ up, or you will be late.3The movie is so f_, I like it

48、 very much.4He is i_ in English so his English grade is very good.5. When I g_ up I want to be a doctor.6. We often see people take out g_ and shoot others in action movies.7. Li Ming went to Paris three years ago, now he can speak F_ very well.8. I think dictionaries and Internet are good t _ for us to study English.9. L