2017-2018学年高中英语Unit2GrowingpainsSectionⅣGram

1、Secti on IV Grammar & Writi ng单无语法定语从句(Il)“介词+关系代词慷以及关系副词引导的定语从句语法图解探究发现1In the corner, there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper.2David, we thin k, is the pers on to whom you should write.3The policema n with whom Henry istalk ing in the office is a friend of min

2、e.4Perhaps there is a reason why the house is in a mess.5This is the house where Lu Xun lived.6I still remember those years whe n I lived with him.我的发现(1)例句中含“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，而且关系词作介词的宾语。(2)例句中含关系副词引导的定语从句，而且关系副词在从句中作状语。原因状语;where 作地点状语;when 作时间状语。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介

3、词+关系代词”结构。关系代词通常是 which 禾口 whom which 指物，whom 指人。介词+关系代诃”厂“介词+关系牝词结构介词的确定方法先打词是湘 ay 的定语从旬关索副词引导的定语从句一关系副词-关毎剧词的用法 关系副词的省略why 作KETANGYAODIANJINGXI2Iht school is very famous* Lucy is studyingin the school.Th弋 schoolin whichLucy is studying is very fanious*同个-比较：Th亡 school (which/that) Lucy is studying

4、 in is very famous.露西就读的这所学校很有名。Do you know thi1actor? The reporter is talkingwith him*Do you know the actorwith whomthe re port er is talking?I-同个*比较 土 Do you know th 锌 actor (whom/that) the reportertalking wijth?你认识记者正在与之交谈的那个男演员吗？名师点津若定语从句中的短语是固定搭配，拆开便失去了原来的意义，则介词通常不能前置到关系代词之前。如look for, look aft

5、er, take care of等。This is the painting which/that he s looking for .这就是他正在找的那幅画。(从句中的 look for为固定短语，不能拆开)即时演练 1用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句合并句子1Liu Yang will n ever forget the day.She was carried into space by spaceship on that day.TLiu_Ya ng_will_ never_forget_the_day_ on _which_she_was_carriedn to_space_by_s

6、paceship.2The store was broke n into last ni ght.My sister works in the store.TThe store in which my sister works was broke n in to last ni_3The reason is that he was ill yesterday.He did not hand in his homework for that reas on.TThe reason for which he did not hand in his homework is that he was i

7、ll _ _ esterday.4The En glish play was a great success.The students acted in it at the New Year s party.TThe_E nglish_play_in_which_the_stude nts_acted_at_the_New_Year3s_party_was_a_great_success.5Who is the man?You shook hands with him just now.TWhos_the_ma n_with_whom_you_shook_ha nds_just_ now?2.

8、介词的确定方法结合句意，一看先行词，二看从句的谓语动词与先行词的搭配来确定介词。In this room, we saw a big tableon which there were all kinds of fruits.在这个房间里，我们看到一张上面放着各种各样的水果的大桌子。（which 代指 a bigtable，介词根据 on the table 来确定）This is the man from whomI learned about the news./This is the manwhomI learnedabout the n ews from.我就是从这个人那儿听到那个消息的

9、。（whom 代指 the man，介词根据 learn . from来确定）即时演练 2用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空1This is a picture of Lei Feng from_whom we ve learneda lot.To tell you the truth,the sin ger for_whom you are wait ing won t come toni ght. As we all know, the ageat_which childre n can go to school is seve n. These are the visitorsto_whom

10、 the man was too rude. He built a telescopethrough which he could study the sky in his free time.3.先行词是 way 的定语从句way （方式， 方法）作先行词， 后接定语从句时， 若从句引导词在从句中作状语， 则引导 词用 in which或 that，弓 I 导词也可省略；当引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时，弓 I 导 词用 which/that。I don t like the way （that/in which）you speak to your mother.我不喜欢你跟你妈妈说话的

11、方式。The way which/that you told me yesterday doesn t work.你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。即时演练 3完成句子1他给我们解释的方法非常简单。The way that/which he explained to us was quite simple.2他向我们解释这个句子的方法不难理解。The way that/in_which_heexplained_the_sentence_to_us was not difficult to4un dersta nd.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1 关系副词（=介词+关系代词）关系副词先行词含义where表

12、示地点的名词：抽象地点和具体地点“（在）地方”，相当于“介词+which ”whe n表示时间的名词“在时候”，相当于“介词+which ”whyreas on为什么，相当于 for whichI shall remember the days whe n (in which) we studied together forever.我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。Last year my parents went to the farm where (on which) they worked 30 years agoaga in.去年我父母又去了那个他们三十年前劳动过的农场。Is this

13、 the reas on why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们的帮助的理由吗？即时演练 4(1) 用适当的关系副词代替句中的黑体部分1The rain came at a time at which it was not n eeded.when_2This is the computerby/on whichhe has stole n top secret docume nts.where _3Here is the place at which the murder took place.where4He didn t give an

14、y reasonfor which I had been fired.why _(2) 用适当的关系副词填空1(天津高考改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmospherewhere his employees enjoy their work.2(湖南高考改编)1 am lookingbook and know my feeli ngs for her.3(福建高考改编 )Stude nts should in volve themselves in com munity activitieswhere they

15、can gain experie nee for growth.2 关系副词的用法forward to the day when my daughter can read this5你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？(2) when 的用法在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at which, duri ng which等代替。April 1st is the daywhe n people make fun of others.=April 1st is the dayon which people make fun of others.4 月 1 日是人们捉弄别人的日

16、子。(3) why 的用法why 在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which 代替。This is the reas onwhy he went away.=This is the reas on for which he went away.这就是他离开的原因。名师点津区别使用关系代词还是关系副词的方法是看他们在定语从句中充当的成分。关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词充当状语。试比较下面两组句子：This is the factorythat/which produces radios.This is the factorywhere radios are produced.这

17、就是那家生产收音机的工厂。即时演练 5用适当的关系词填空1(江苏高考改编)The book has helped me greatly in my daily com mun icati on,especially at work where a good impressi on is a must.2(北京高考改编)Many countries are now setting up nationalparks where animalsand pla nts can be protected.3(陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family, Alex

18、 is always Ionging for the time when heshould be able to be in depe ndent.4I don t know the reason why you were absent from the meeting, but I m suresome one will tell me the reas on that/which you haven t told me.3关系副词的省略(1)where 的用法在从句中作地点状语。常可用Can you tell me the office=Can you tell me the office

19、in which, at which, on whichwhere he works?in which he works?等代替。6(1) the time, every time, each time, the mome nt等后的关系副词可以省略。By the time(when) he was ten years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousandEn glish words.到吉姆 10 岁的时候，他已经学会了两千多个英文单词。(2) 在某些表示地点的名词后，如the place 等，关系副词有时也可以省略。This is the pl

20、ace (where) I saw him last time.这就是我上次看见他的地方。(3)先行词 the reason 后面的关系副词可以省略。The reason (why) he came here was quite clear.他来这儿的原因非常清楚。即时演练 6写出下列句子中可以省略的关系词1The mome nt whe n he sent the mail, Joh n realized what a big mistake he had made.when2She was the only girl I went steady with duri ng the four

21、years whe n I was at uni versity.whe n3I can t imagine the reason why he turned down the job.why课后强化训练I.用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空1. Is this the factory where/in_which he worked ten years ago?2. He did not tell us the reason why/for_which he was late again.3. This is the college where/in_which I am studying.

22、4. He is the man with/about_whom we are talking.5. I can t forget the days when/in_which I lived with you.6. Can you tell me the day when/on_which Chang e-3 was sent into space?7. China is the only country where/in_which wild pandas can be found.8. I ll never forget the village where/in which I spen

23、t my childhood.9. I will never forget the days that/which I spent in Beijing University.10. This is the train on/in which we went to Shanghai.n.单句写作1. 你能告诉我汽车坏的原因吗？Can you tell me the reason why the car broke down? _2. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。I still remember the day on _which/when_first_came_to_school._3. 我工

24、作的工厂是一个大厂子。7The factory in which/where I work is a large one.4. 你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？Could you tell me for whom you ve_bought this coat?5. 我同他讲话的那人是外国人。The man to_whom_I spoke was a foreigner.6. 那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.川.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 有

25、10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2 .只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。It is a bright and sunny day. It is first time that I have come to Sydney,Australia. I am enjoying myself very much. Today, I made a visit t

26、o“ Sea World ”，in where I could swim with fishes. I felt excited to see so much fishes swimming around me. At first, I wasa little frighte ning but soon I calm dow n eno ugh to enjoy the trip. I wish I can swim around as free asfishes. The food here is deliciouseither. I must have put on weight . I

27、am tired but I look forward to other fun-filled day before retur n home.答案：第二句：first 前加 the第四句：去掉 in 或 wherewhich第五句：muchrmany第六句：frighteningfrightened; calm calmed第七句：cancould; freefreely第八句：either too第十句：otherTanother; return returning 或 return 前力口 I单无写作建议信写作技法指导本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用文体类别中的“建议信”。这类题目要求我

28、们就有请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共8关问题进行分析并针对这个问题提出自己的看法和建议。一、基本结构1.- 开头(beginning)开门见山， 向对方陈述自己的观点- (state your idea) 。2.- 主体(body)对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，-接着提出自己的建议(reasonsand evide nee)。3.- 结尾(ending)呼应开头，重申观点(restate your opinion)-。9二、 注意事项1开门见山，直入主题。在建议信正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自 己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高建议信的针对性。2给出希

29、望对方采取或者终止某种行为的理由。在陈述理由的过程中要换位思考，尽 量为对方考虑。要用事实说话，以增强说服力。3语气要和缓，让对方考虑你的想法或者建议，以理服人是关键，不能把自己的想法 强加于人。4给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。三、 增分佳句A. 建议信开头常用句式1 I am sorry to know that you are worried about the coming exam.我很难过了解到你对即将到来的考试很担心。2.I m glad that you are getting along well with your study.我很高兴

30、你的学业进展顺利。3.You asked me in your letter how to get on with your deskmate.你在信中问及如何与你的同桌相处。B. 表达建议常用句式4.You don t have to worry abou t it.你不必为此事担心。5 First , try to invite some of your good friends to take part in after-class activities.首先，尽量邀请你的一些好友参加课外活动。6.What s more , help others when they re introu

31、ble.此外，当别人有困难时帮助他们。7.In my opinion , you should find a chanee to talk with her.依我看，你应该找机会与她谈谈。C. 建议信结尾常用句式8.I hope these suggestions will helpyou.我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。9.I m sure you ll make it .10我相信你能行。10. I hope everything goes well with you.希望你万事如意。WUBUXIEZUOGUIFAN .题目要求高一新生或多或少都会经历所谓“成长的烦恼”。如高中学习难度的增加使

32、得学生的压力增大；新同学之间的不了解导致小误会时而发生；部分同学由于肥胖而感到自卑；不少同学因为琐事与父母发生冲突，这些都让青少年对于高中生活感到沮丧和困惑。针对这一现象，校刊编辑部发起了以“成长的烦恼”为主题的征文活动，请你(Tom)给高一的同学写一封信， 就这个话题的某一两个你感受最深的方面谈谈你的看法，同时提出适当的建议来帮助高一的学生树立正确的态度。注意：词数 100 左右。第一步：审题构思很关键、审题1 确定体裁：本文为建议信；2.确定人称：本文主要人称以第一、二人称为主;3 确定时态： 本文主要应以一般现在时为主。二、构思第一部分，开头：概括介绍我们的现状及存在的问题并提出自己的观

33、点。第二部分，阐述：对自己的观点、建议进一步说明。第三部分，总结：我们会有光明的未来。第二步：核心词汇想周全1.make_oneself_feel_good_ 使某人自我感觉良好2. be_ashamedof 为 感到羞耻3.in the process of_ 在.过程中4.keep_a_balanced_diet _保持饮食平衡5.have arguments with sb._ 与某人争论6.tend to do sth._ 倾向于做某事7.believe in on eself 相信自己8.all in all_ 总之第三步：由词扩句雏形现1.此时此刻，我们正在经历“成长的烦恼”，我们

34、中的有些人对我们的高中生活感觉 真的很困惑五步写作规范11和沮丧。(and 连接的并列句)At this_ moment,_ we are_ going _through_the_“growing pains ”and some of us feel really con fused and frustrated about our high school life.2.在我看来，我们要积极地努力去让自己感觉更好。In my opinion,_we have_to be positive_and_ try - to make ourselves_feel_bett _ _3我们正在成长的过程中

35、，因此对我们来说经历一些身体的变化是正常的。no rmal that ）We_are_in_the_process_of_growing_up,_sot_is_normal_that_we_experien_e_body_cha nges._4.真正重要的是，我们应该保持均衡的饮食。（it 作形式主语）lt_really_matters_that_we_should_keep_a_balanc_5除此之外，我们经常与我们的父母或朋友发生争论。其原因是我们越来越成熟，我们逐渐倾向于相信自己。（and 连接并列句，the reason is that .）Besides,_we_often_hav

36、e_arguments_with_our_parents_or_our_friends,_and_the_r_eason_is_that_we_are_becoming_more_and_more_mature,_so_we_gradually_tend_to_bel _ ieven_ourselves._6为了解决这个问题，我认为我们应该更多地和家人、朋友及老师交流。To_solve_this_problem,_l_thin k_we_should_talk_to_family,_frie nds_a nd_teache_rs_more._7.沟通是一个你向别人表达感情的重要方式，然后他们能

37、更好地理解你并帮助你。(wayto do .)Commun icatio n_is_a nmporta nt_way_to_express_your_feeli ngs_to_others,_a nd_t_hen_they_can_understand_you_better_and_help_you. _&总而言之，我相信你会有一个光明的未来。All in all, I believe you will have a bright future. _第四步：句式升级造亮点1 .用 it is +adj. + for sb. to do . 升级句 3We are in the process of growing up, so it is normal for us