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1、 安全工程专业词汇(中文)所对应的英文词汇 20Safety is a commodity. 安全就是商品! Safety at first 安全第一! To be safe can not depend on wise behind. 安全不能指望事后诸葛! Tolerating danger is to cut one's
2、160;own throat. 容忍危险等于作法自毙! Second thoughts are best for safety. 为了安全须三思而后行! A stumble may prevent a fall. 小踬可防大跌! 2.常见的安全英语名词 现代安全管理 (MSM morden safety management) ·工艺安全管理 (P
3、SM process safety management) ·国际安全评级系统 (ISRS international safety risk system) ·HSE状况 (HSE Case) ·紧急预案 (ERP emergency responsible progress) ·危险源辨识 (HAZID h
4、azardous identify) ·危害与可操作性分析 (HAZOP) ·工艺危险性分析 (PHA process hazardous analysis) ·如果-怎么办分析 (What-if) ·故障类型及影响分析 (FMEA) ·事件树分析 (Event Tree Analysis) ·故障树分析 (Fault Tree
5、0;Analysis) ·定性风险评价 (Qualitative Risk Assessment) ·量化风险评价 (QRA) ·火灾安全性分析 (Fire Safety Analysis)·安全审核 (Safety Audit) ·项目风险管理 (Project Risk Management) ·企业风险管理 (Enterprise
6、;Risk Management) 安全操作规程 Safety regulations for operations 安全极限 Safety margins 安全间隙 safe gap 安全监测Safety monitoring 安全监察 Safety supervision 安全检查 safe review,SR 安全检查表分析 safety check
7、list analysis,SCA 安全鉴定:Safety appraisal 安全经济效益Safety Cost Effectiveness 安全经济学Safety economics 安全考核 Safety check assessment 安全可靠性 Safety Reliability 安全模拟与安全仿学 Safety simulation & imitat
8、ion 安全评价 Safety Assessment 安全人体工程Safety livelihood engineering work 安全人因工程学Safety human factors engineering 安全认证Safety approval and certification 安全审核员 Safety auditor 安全生产指标体系 safety produc
9、tion target system 安全生产指数 safety production index 安全事故 Safe Accidents 安全事故罪Crime of safety accident 安全疏散Evacuation 安全梯,防火应急出口,安全出口 fire escape 安全危害因素Hazardous elements 安全系数 Safety Fact
10、or 安全系统工程 Safety System Engineering 安全销Shear pin 安全信息论Safety information theory 安全验收评价 Safety Assessment Upon Completion 安全隐患 potential safety hazard 安全预评价 Safety Prelimin
11、ary Evaluation 安全阈值Safe threshold value 保安矿柱 Safety pillars 保护装置:Protection devices 保险装置Physical protection devices 报警设备 Warning equipment 爆破 blasting 爆破地震 blast seism 爆破片 bursting disc
12、 爆破有害效应 adverse effects of blasting 爆破有害效应 intrinsic safety 不安全行为 unsafe act 抽出式通风 exhaust ventilation 防爆Explosion-proofing 防爆电气设备 explosion-proof electrical equipment 防爆墙
13、;anti-explosion wall 防尘工程Dust control engineering 防毒Anti-toxin 防高温High temprature prevention 防护堤 protection embankment 防护口罩Safety mask 防护设备 Safeguard 辐射防护:Radiation protection 高温作业Hotwork 个体保护用品Indiv
14、idual protection articles 工程事故Engineering accidents 工伤事故 industial accidents 工业防尘:Industrial dust suppression 工业防毒:Industrial gas defense 工业通风:Industrial ventilation 工业灾害控制:Control of industrial disa
15、ster 共同安全署(美国) Mutual Security Agency (U. S. ) 故障假设分析方法 whatif,WI 故障类型和影响分析 failure mode effects analysis,FMEA 故障树分析 fault tree analysis,FTA 锅炉事故:Boiler breakdowns 核安全Nuclear safety 化工安
16、全 Chemical engineering safety 环保工程师 Environmental Protection Engineer 机械通风 mechanical ventilation 极限载荷 limit load 监测点 monitoring point 交通安全教育 Traffic Safety Education 局部通风 local v
17、entilation 可靠性分析 reliability analysis,RA 矿井通风 mine ventilation 矿井通风方式 layout of ventilation shafts 矿用安全型:Mine permissible type 劳动保护Labour protection 临界安全 critical safety 临界量 threshold
18、quantity 漏风 air leakage 起重安全Lifting safety 潜在危险Potential hazards 缺水事故 Water deficiency emergence (or accident) 人机工程学 ergonomics 人机界面:human-machine interface 人失误 human error 伤亡率 R
19、ate of casualty 伤亡事故Casualty accidents 设备事故Equipment accident 审查人员 authorized person 生态安全 Ecological safety 事故处理Accident handling 事故树分析Accident tree analysis 事故致因理论:Accident-causing theory 事件树分析
20、Event Tree Analysis 通风与空调工程Ventilation engineering & air conditioning 危险辨识:Hazard identific 危险和可操作性研究 hazard and operability study HAZOP 危险评估Risk assessment 危险源Dangerous source 危险源辨识 ha
21、zard identification 危险源控制 hazard control 危险指数法 risk rank,RR 违章作业:Operation against rules 温度报警器:Temperature alarm 矽肺病 silicosis 系统安全分析System safety analysis 系统危险性评价 system risk a
22、ssessment 压力容器 pressure vessels 易燃物品:Inflammable article 应急避难所 emergency shelter 应急对策:Emergency countermeasures 应急预案 emergency plan 有害作业:Harmful work 职业安全卫生Occupational health and safety 职
23、业安全卫生标准Occupational health and safety standards 职业安全卫生体系Occupational health and safety management system 职业危害Occupational hazard 重大事故 major accident 重大危险源 major hazard installations 注册安全工程师Certified
24、160;Safety Engineer 专项安全评价Safety Specific Evaluation 自然通风 natural ventilation 阻燃剂 flame retardant 最佳起爆距离 optimum burst range 作业环境卫生 Work environment hygiene 作业条件危险性评价法 job risk a
25、nalysis,LEC Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论 Safety management 安全管理 Physical conditions 物质条件 Machine guarding 机械保护装置 House-keeping&
26、#160; 工作场所管理 Top management 高层管理人员 Human errors 人因失误 Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型 Munitions factory 军工厂 Causal factors &
27、#160; 起因 Risking taking 冒险行为 Corporate culture 企业文化 Loss prevention 损失预防 Process industry 制造工业 Hazard control 危险控制 Inte
28、nsive study 广泛研究 Organizational performance 企业绩效 Mutual trust 相互信任 Safety officer 安全官员 Safety committee 安全委员会 S
29、hop-floor 生产区 Unionized company集团公司 Seniority 资历、工龄 Local culture 当地文化 Absenteeism rate &
30、#160; 缺勤率 Power relations 权力关系 Status review 状态审查 Lower-level management 低层管理者 Business performance 组织绩效 Most senior executive
31、0;高级主管 Supervisory level 监督层 Safety principle 安全规则 Wall-board 公告栏 Implement plan 执行计划 Hazard identification 危险辨识
32、0;Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern
33、 of basic assumptions invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration
34、60;that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to
35、 those problems” 译文:Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义,他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题。 The safety culture of an organization is the product of
36、160;individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization
37、s health and safety management. 译文:组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成:个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任,以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程 By-product
38、160; 附带产生的结果 Engineering practice 工程实践 Safety problem 安全问题 Accelerating technology 快速发展的技术 Safety effort 安全投入 Systems
39、;life cycle 系统的生命周期 System effectiveness 系统有效性 Logical reasoning 逻辑推理 Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因 Logical programming 合理的规划 System hazard 系统危害 Safety input&
40、#160;安全投入 Inherently safe system 本质安全系统 Schedule delays 进度拖延 Concept phase 初步计划阶段 Safety criteria 安全标准 Government regulations 政府管制 System operation 系统运行 System analysis 系统分析 Syste
41、m design 系统设计 Aid in 有助于 Equipment specifications 设备说明 Maintenance plans 维护计划 Safety problems 安全问题 Development phase 发展阶段 Operation phase 运行阶段 Performance reviews 绩效评估 Dispos
42、al phase 处理阶段 Intuitive process 直觉过程 Make decisions 做决定 Hazard control 危险控制 Protective apparel 防护服 Engineering solutions 工程方法/手段 Protective devices 保护装置 Warning devices 报警装置 Incorr
43、ect interpretation 误解 Hazardous material 危险物质 Work area layout 工业区布局 Educational solutions 教育方法/手段 Training sessions 培训会议 Safety promotion programs 安全促进项目 Administrative solutions 行政方法/手段
44、60;Personnel selection 人员选择 Safety shoes 安全鞋 Safety belt 安全带 Safety glasses 防护眼镜 Accident prevention 事故预防 Technical system 技术系统 Responsible official 负责人Hazard analysis is not an
45、60;intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends
46、60;on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis techn
47、ique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and com
48、prehensive hazard information is obtained. 译文:危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析,必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。只要对被研究的系统和用于分析的技术有全面的了解,任何人都可以进行危险分析。在实践过程中,要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息,必须要一些具有不同知识背景的人共同努力才行。 System safety engineering is a relati
49、vely new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in&
50、#160;todays society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be
51、160;logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering
52、160;attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety. 译文:安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。它的概念和相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努力过程中逐渐发展而来的。它基于这样一个思想,即所有的事故都是系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的,理论上,各种原因及相互作用都能被识别、评估,并得到控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用科学的管理原则,系统安全工程就有望获得最佳的安全程度。 The efforts ne
53、cessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usually organized into formal programs. The objective of such programs is to assure that system hazards are eliminated
54、 or otherwise controlled as early in the life cycle as possible. Most of the detail work involved in a system safety program is in the performance of hazard
55、0;analyses. With the information provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine the safest, most efficient means of controlling the hazards identified. 译文:要想获得所期望的安全程度,所有必须做的工作都应编制成正式的
56、计划。这些计划的目标就是确保系统里的危险被消除,或者使危险在系统生命周期内尽早的得到控制。系统安全计划中的大量具体工作在危险分析的过程中得以执行。通过分析提供的信息,负责人就能选择最安全、最有效的方式来控制被识别出来的危险。Unit 3 The ergonomics Processergonomics process 人机工程过程 MSDs (are injuries and illnesses of the safe tissue a
57、nd nervous system that affect your bodys: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons(经脉), Ligaments(韧带 ), Joints)由肌肉组织或神经系统引起的伤害或疾病Upper echelons 上层、高层 hourly employee 钟点工 Job sites 工地 Ergonomics committee
58、60;人机工程委员会 Medical management 医疗管理Musculoskeletal stressors 肌肉骨骼紧张性刺激 Ergonomics input 人机工程投入 Management commitment 管理承诺/行为 Manufacturing engineers 制造业工程师 Plant manager工厂经理 Process engineer 生产工
59、程师 Human resource manager 人力资源经理 Safety manager 安全经理 Sub-committee 分委员会 Overseeing body 监督主体 low back disorder 腰部疾病 Active and passive surveillance 主动和被动监督 Job stressors
60、0;工作压力源 Follow-up 后续工作Ergonomics awareness 人机工程意识 Follows through 实现,把进行到底 Chain of command 指挥链 Hit list 黑名单You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and
61、0;determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do noOne comprehensive definition for an organizational culture
62、has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it
63、60;learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught
64、to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems” 译文:Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义,他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授
65、给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题。 The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior th
66、at determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organizations health and safety management. 译文:组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成:个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任,以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。
67、Hazard analysiYou must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard
68、60;involved. When you do noOne comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of
69、0;basic assumptions invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that
70、;has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those&
71、#160;problems” 译文:Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义,他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题。 The safety culture of an organization is the product of individu
72、al and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organizations healt
73、h and safety management. 译文:组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成:个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任,以及组s is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, d
74、escriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a t
75、horough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several
76、 persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained. 译文:危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析,必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与
77、知识。只要对被研究的系统和用于分析的技术有全面的了解,任何人都可以进行危险分析。在实践过程中,要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息,必须要一些具有不同知识背景的人共同努力才行。 System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from
78、 efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in todays society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number&
79、#160;of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientifi
80、c and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety. 译文:安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。它的概念和相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安
81、全性的各种努力过程中逐渐发展而来的。它基于这样一个思想,即所有的事故都是系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的,理论上,各种原因及相互作用都能被识别、评估,并得到控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用科学的管理原则,系统安全工程就有望获得最佳的安全程度。 The efforts necessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usually organized into formal
82、programs. The objective of such programs is to assure that system hazards are eliminated or otherwise controlled as early in the life cycle as possible. Most of the&
83、#160;detail work involved in a system safety program is in the performance of hazard analyses. With the information provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine t
84、he safest, most efficient means of controlling the hazards identified. 译文:要想获得所期望的安全程度,所有必须做的工作都应编制成正式的计划。这些计划的目标就是确保系统里的危险被消除,或者使危险在系统生命周期内尽早的得到控制。系统安全计划中的大量具体工作在危险分析的过程中得以执行。通过分析提供的信息,负责人就能选择最安全、最有效的方式来控制被识别出来的危险。 You must assess
85、0;the outcome of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not
86、 view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and
87、160;explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers in hazard identification. 你必须对危险辨识过程中得到的结果进行评估,并决定在实际危险存在时是否需要立刻采取措施。当你不把一个已被报告的危险当做一个实际存在的危险时,你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没把这个被报告的危险当做一个真正的危险,并解释原因。这将确保工人们在危险识别过程中进行持续合作。 T
88、his approach to hazard identification does not require that someone with special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-bla
89、nk questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well where management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and health of its workforce. The most time-
90、consuming portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abatem
91、ent of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to these potential hazards is essential. 这种危险辨识的方法不需要经过特需训练的人来执行。通常经过一个简短的问卷调查就能完成。在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健康的地方,这种危险辨识方法能起到很好的作用。这个过程中最耗时的部分就是对识别的潜在的危险进行分析
92、评估和反馈。赋予工人识别危险、对减小危险提出建议并提出如何对这些潜在的危险进行管理的权利是必须的。 Conversely, an alternative participative model of “management systems” can be traced to socio-technical systems theory, which emphasises organisational int
93、erventions based on analysis of the inter-relationships of technology, environment, the orientation of participants, and organisational structure. 相反,一个可选择来使用的“管理系统”模型可以追溯到社会-技术系统理论,该理论强调组织干预,这种组织干预是建立在对技术、环境、参与者的定位
94、及组织结构之间的相互关系进行分析的基础上的。 So far, we have shown that OHSMS can vary upon a number of dimensions relating to method of implementation, system characteristics, and degree of implem
95、entation. Such variance is important because it affects evaluation and measurement of OHSMS performance. Measures appropriate for one dimension of a system will be irrelevant
96、to another. Evaluation of OHSMS effectiveness may need to take account of what systems are expected to do. Are they to meet complex system or simple design standards? Are they implemented at the behest of management or
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