高考三大从句讲义

1、高考三大从句讲义名词性从句归纳演绎表陈述句五大句型句子类型引导词从句中是否做成份如何变化变化后的句子主语+谓语I do.陈述句W doesnt have a girl friend.that(宾从中，原则：可省略；例外：宾从并列使用不可省)否句首+that主从That W doesnt have a girl friend is a fact.It is a fact that宾从We know (that) W doesnt have a girl friend.表从The fact is that W doesnt have a girl friend.同从The fact that W

2、doesnt have a girl friend is well-known.We know the fact that W doesnt have a girl friend.主语+谓语+宾语I love you.主语+同位语+谓语+宾语+同位语I, your teacher, love you, my students.一般疑问句Is there anything wrong with w?（ 助动词+主语+谓语？）（ 系动词+主语+表语？）if/whether原则：if只用于宾从whether名从例外：介词后的宾从；放于句首宾语从句；包含or not的名从否句首+whether/if正

3、装语序主从Whether there is something wrong with W is a rumor.宾从We dont know if/whether there is something wrong with W.表从The rumor is whether there is something wrong with W.(同从)The rumor whether there is something with W is spread.We spread the rumor whether there is something with W.主语+系动词+表语（主语补足语）You

4、 are/like an angel.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句When/where/how/why can I become Ws girl friend?连接副词when where how whywheneverwhereverhowever状语正装语序主从When I can become Ws girl friend is a question.宾从I dont know when I can become Ws girl friend.表从The question is when I can become Ws girl friend?同从The question when I

5、can become Ws girl friend is puzzling.I know the question when I can become Ws girl friend.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语You make me happy.Which/whose girl is Ws girl friend?连接代词Which whose定语（+名词）(主从)Which/whose girl Ws girl friend is is a question.宾从We dont know which/whose girl Ws girl friend is(表从)The question i

6、s which /whose girl Ws girl friend is. (同从)The question which /whose girl Ws girl friend is is puzzling.I know the question which /whose girl Ws girl friend is主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语I give you a kiss.Who can become Ws girl friend?Whom will Wmarry?What is the result of this marriage?Who whom what whateverWho

7、everwhomever主语/宾语/表语主从Whom W will marry is a problem.宾从We dont know whom W will marry.表从The problem is whom W will marry.(同从)The question whom W will marry is puzzling.I know the question whom W will marry.形容词性从句归纳表分类引导词定从中所做成分变化前的句子变化后的句子规律总结定语从句限定性关系代词主语I thanked my ex-girlfriend.She left me.I tha

8、nked my ex-girlfriend who/that left me.P5 表一：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的关系词对比表The letter is mine.It is on the wall.The letter which/that is on the wall is mine.宾语动宾The woman is her mother.I meet her.The woman (whom/who/that) I meet is her mother.The movie wasnt very good. We saw it the year before last year.T

9、he movie (which/that) we saw the year before last year wasnt very good.介宾She is my girlfriend.I told you about her.She is my girlfriend about whomI told you.She is my girlfriend (whom/who/that) I told you about.The music was sentimental.I listened to it last night.The music to whichI listened last n

10、ight was sentimental.The music (which/that) I listened to last night was sentimental.表语I am no longer a poet.I was a poet.I am no longer the poet (who/that)I was.The campus is not a paradise of poem. It was a paradise of poem.The campus (which/that) it was is not a paradise of poem.关系形容词定语I am a boy

11、.My heart was broken.I am a boy whose heart was broken.We didnt take a picture together.Its value is inestimable.We didnt take a picture together whose value is inestimable.关系副词时间状语I will never forget the day.We broke up on that day/then.I will never forget the day (when/on which/that) we broke up.关

12、系副词和关系代词的关系： 关系副词=介词+关系代词 非正式文体中that可以替代 when/why/where并且that常常省略地点状语I wandered into the park.We dated first in that park/there.I wandered into the park (where /in which /at which/that) we dated first.原因状语Self-respect is the reason.I didnt apply for Tsinghua University for the reason.Self-respect is

13、 the reason (why/for which/that) I didnt apply for Tsinghua University.非限定性P5 表二：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的对比表表一：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的关系词对比表关系词从句中成分非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句人事物其他人事物其他关系代词主语whowhichthat/whothat/which表语(who)(which)(that/who)(that/which)宾语(whom /who)(which)(that/ whom / who)(that/which)关系形容词定语whosewhosewhose

14、whose关系副词状语When/wherewhen/why/where表二：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的对比表限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，删除后影响整个意义的表达疏松，只是补充说明，删除后不影响整个意义的表达逗号的运用不运用逗号运用逗号That的运用可用that不可用thatWhy的运用可用why不可用whyWhich/who在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略可省略（that在从句中做宾语时也可以省略）不可省略Whom在从句中做宾语时是否可以用that/who替代原则：可替代例外：紧跟在介词后的情况不可替代读时是否停顿不停顿读时停顿，用降调是否可以修饰句子不可修饰可修饰，

15、 which/as翻译时的区别译为定语译为并列句摘自：星火英语巧学活用语法特殊关系词as引导非限制性定语从句作成分主语They have helped me to finish the work, as/which is very kind of them.宾语The woman was from Beijing, as/which they know from her accent.表语He seems to be a foreigner, as/which in fact he was. 与which区别形式上as可以放在句首/句中/句末。which只能放在句中/句末。意义上as引导的从句

16、表示“正如/像” 肯定主句Mary married again, as was natural.只能用as固定搭配as is well known, as we all see, as often happen, as has been said before省略beAs (was) planned, we met at the airport.只能用which否定主句GR married ZRF, which was unexpected.介宾She might possibly come, about which Ill ask him.宾补He admires everyone in t

17、he class, which I find quite interesting.引导限制性定语从句such as,the same as,两个固定搭配中关系代词主语We will give you such data as will help you宾语I like the same book as you do.表语He is not same man as he was关系副词状语I shall do it in the same way as you did.注意：the same as中的as可以用that来代替，但as后省略了谓语时不能用that。He told me the sa

18、me story as(非同一)/that(同一 )she told. He uses the same books as you (do). as引导的从句谓语动词和主句谓语动词是同一时态的be, do, have时，从句谓语动词常常被省略。She works in the same building as my sister.副词性从句引导词演绎表状语从句引导词状语从句引导词时间when, while， as, when指时间段/点，从句谓语延续性/非延续性动词，从句动作和主句动作同时/之前/之后发生省略When (you are) in trouble, you should ask f

19、or your parents help. S=s & v=be代替“when+分词”代替状语从句When my father came into the room (=When coming into the room), he found me reading novels in the bed.while强调主句动作语从句动作同时持续地进行强对比主/从句谓语动词都是延续性动词Study while you study; play while you play.主句动作发生在从句动作进行过程中，逐句动词是为非延续性动词I love her while I was at high s

20、chool.as两个动作同时发生/一种动作伴随着另一种动作的变化而变化I slipped in the kitchen when I sleepwalked. My father jumps as I sleepwalk.before, after主句动作先于从句动作See me before you tell a lie.主句动作晚于从句动作I found my father white lie after I has graduated from high school.till, until放在句首时常用untilUntil my father returns, nothing can

21、be done.强调句型中主句的not移到until之前It was not until my father told me yesterday that I noticed my literary talent.“到为止”主句动词：肯定/否定形式，延续性Run till/until you come to the ends of the world(天涯海角). “直道开始”主句动词否定形式，非延续性We didnt discuss some problems until I got the admission to the TJPU.since副词现在完成时主句since一般过去时从句I

22、havent been home for a long period since I graduated.It be一般时/完成时（强调）+一段时间+since时间状语从句It is/was two years since I graduated/had graduated.介词since+过去某时间点Hes been playing piano since childhood.since+一段时间+agoI have been Taiyuan since one year ago.目的“为了、以便”(so) that, in order that 替换：in order toThe earl

23、y bird catches the worm. The early bird sets out early that they might catch the worm.从句主语=主句主语，in order to, so as to取代目的状语The early bird sets out so early as to catch the worm.“以免，以防”lest, for fear that 省略should的虚拟语气I am working hard for fear that I (should) fail.in case 虚拟语气You hid your weakness l

24、est it should be take advantage by somebaby.陈述语气Take you umbrella in case it rains.条件if“如果”正面条件 unless(=if not)“除非，如果不”负面条件You are sure to succeed unless you havent studied hardin case, on condition that, providing, provided(that), supposing, suppose(that)“假如/使，在条件下”I will pursue my further study, p

25、roviding/provide (that) I get the admission to Yale/Harvard University.Suppose/Supposing(that) you do not study abroad, what will you do？Lawyer?as long as(=so long as)充要条件“只要”We will support you as long as pursue further study. 让步“虽然/即使/尽管”(al)though< even if/thoughthough 倒装/不倒装(Al)though my pare

26、nts are not wealthy, they are healthy.Even though it was raining my father insistently walked to work.as 必须倒装形容词/副词/名词/动词/过去分词+as+主语+谓语的其他部分Rich as LY is, he is not happy.Child as you are, you can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词) Try as he would, he could not succeed.“不管/无论”no matter+疑问词>带后

27、缀ever的疑问词No matter how (>however) much you tried, I failed to understand your parents love for you. 正装语序whetheror选择范围的从句You must make a decision, whether you try your best or give up now.方式as, as if/though连接Think as others think. 结果so that 结果?目的?My mother worried so that she couldnt sleep. so+adj

28、./adv.+thatso+adj.(+a/an)+n.+thatsuch(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+thatMy mother speaks so fast that no on can catch her.Our parents have so much love that they can express it in the different way.Our parents are such good person that I mustnt blame them.从句主语=主句主语,so as to取代结果状语My mother is so kind that she pre

29、pare the breakfast every morning.My mother is so kind as to prepare the breakfast every morning.地点where连接Where there is a will, there is a way. 原因because主句之后，直接原因，语气最强，not because否定从句You do it because you like it.You are not strong because you are physically healthy.since“既然”主句之前，已知显然的理由，较为正式语气弱于bec

30、ause.Since you are free today, you had better be busying yourself about the house. 表“既然”：seeing(that), now(that), considering(that), in thatas 附带说明的“双方已知的原因”语气弱于since，常位于主句之前As it is raining, youd better take an umbrella.for辅助性的补充说明，主句之后且用逗号隔开We could not have understood our parents, for we are not

31、parents now.形从单选步骤划分出从句，判断定从是限定性定从还是非限定性定从，两种定从中关系词分别做什么成分限定性定从主语见：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的关系词对比表宾语表语定语状语非限定性定从主语宾语表语定语状语名从单选步骤划分出从句，判断名从中是否缺句子成分是：从句缺失的句子成分是状语Where why when how主语Who whom what whateverwhoever宾语表语定语Which whose否：判断从句与主句的意思关系陈述关系：That一般疑问关系主从Whether表从同从宾从原则：if例外：whether介宾句首Or not三大从句的简化名词性从句不

32、定式 从句谓语往往含有情态意义should can 连接代词、连接副词、whether引导的名从I dont know what I should do. I dont know what I do.Please tell me how I can get to the station. Please tell me how to get to the station. I havent decided whether I should vote for Bill. I havent decided whether to vote for Bill动名词(复合结构)主从That he lost

33、 the game came as a surprise to everybody. His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody. 同从+ofThere was no chance that he would come from the battle alive. There was no chance of he coming from the battle alive.宾从不定式I hope that I can drive to work in my own car. I hope to drive to work in my

34、own car. 动名词I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future. I consider emigrating to America in the future.形容词性从句短语从句中含有be动词（省略关系词&v-be）主动Do you know the boy (who is) playing the violin?被动Books (that are) written in English are more expensive.从句中不含be动词（省略关系词+动词变为现在分词）They live in a room that faces the south.They live in a room facing the south.不定式被the only, the last, the next,序数词，最高级形容词修饰的名词She is the only one that understands me.She is the only one to understand me.副词性从句短语S=s从句中含有be动词（省略s&v-be）主动While (he was) waiting, he took