冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译

1、Heat Treatment of Die and MouldOriented Concurrent DesignLI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xue yu,LUO Zhong hua,ZHANG YanAbstract:Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern. It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. A new ide

2、a of concurrent desig n for heat treatme nt process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. Heat treatme nt CAD/CAE was in tegrated with con currentcircumsta neeand the releva ntmodel was built. Theseinv estigati ons can remarkably imp

3、rove efficie ncy, reduce cost and en sure quality of R and D for products.Key words: die design; heat treatment; mouldTraditi onaldie and moulddesig n,main lybyexperie neeorsemi experienee , is isolated from manufacturing process.Before the design is finalized , the scheme of die and mould is usuall

4、y modified time and again , thus some disadvantages come into being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect.Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,modern die and mould should be designed and manu factured perfectly.Therefore more

5、 and more adva need tech no logies and innovations have been applied,for example,concurrent engineering,agile manu facturi ng virtual manu facturi ng,collaborative desig n, etc.Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design ,manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufa

6、cture , assembly and service life . Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly , but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them . As die and mould industry develops , heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state of manu facture , assembly and wear resista nt pr

7、operties by request.Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing such as over hard and soft and assembly Traditionally the heat treatment process was made out according to the methods and properties brought forward by designer This could make the designers of die and mould an

8、d heat treatment diverge from each other ， for the designers of die and mould could not fully realize heat treatment process and materials properties ， and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designing thought. These divergences will impact the progress of die and

9、mould to a great extent. Accordingly ， if the process design of heat treatment is considered in the early designing stage ，the aims of shortening development period，reducing cost andstabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of development pattern from serial to concurrent will be real

10、izedConcurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a carrier ,at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing ，heat treating ， properties and so forth in order to avoid the error The concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pat

11、tern,which bring about a revolution against serial pattern In the present work the heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development ， and the systemic and profound research was performed 1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent CircumstanceThe concurrent patte

12、rn differs ultimately from the serial pattern(see Fig 1).With regard to serial pattern ， the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould ， yet hardly consider the consequent process ，so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwardsMeanwhile ，the design department rar

13、ely communicates with the assembling ， cost accounting and sales departments These problems certainly will influence the development progress of die and mould and the market foregroundWhereas inthe concurrent pattern ， the relations among departments are close ， the related departments all take part

14、 in the development pro gress of die and mould and have close intercommunion with purchasersThis is propitious to eliminationof the conflicts between departments ， increase the efficiency and reduce thecost.(a) Serial patrerm (h) Coneurreni patt«niFfg. I System fraim chart of serial snd roTicur

15、rent engineering based die and moyld exploitatlanHeat treatment process in the concurrent circumstanee is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designing . In this way , it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the pote ntial

16、 of the materials .2 Integration of Heat Treatment CAD / CAE for Die and MouldIt can be seen from Fig . 2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatme nt are the core of in tegratio n frame . After in formatio nin put viaproduct desig n module and heat treatme nt process gen erated via hea

17、t treatme nt CAD and heat treatme nt CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing, simulation temperature field microstructure analysisafter heattreatmentand the defect of possible emerging (such asoverheat,over burning) , and then the heat treatment process is judged if the optim

18、izatio n is made accord ing to the result reappeared by stereoscopic visi on tech no logy . Moreover tool and clampi ng apparatus CAD and CAM arein tegrated into this systemJournal of Iran and Steel Kesearch, InternaTionalProfilKL desi3 D simulatiotModule for generating heal UrcatmenL processModule

19、for mtxlifying heat trealmenl processAnalog simulaUon CAE Aulomaiica mesh di vision Tempera Lure fiJd Simidalion MicroslriJcLure ciefert analysisEz霽 nV) 善 ELJrl EHDatabaseManulaclureCAMTot>l anti tiuipmpnl.CAllModule fcr modifying and 伍luijnn电nlStprposcopic vision leclmolagy Post processorProcess

20、 oupuLmociuleFi爭 2 System fnatne rhart integrating hrat treatment CAD/CAE fpr coficurrenl engineeringThe con curre ntengin eeri ngbased in tegratio nframe can shareinformation with other branch. That makes for optimizing the heat treatmentprocess and en suri ng the process sound2.1 3-D model and ste

21、reoscopic vision technology for heat treatmentThe problems about materials , structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon as possible by 3-D model for heat treatment based on the shape of die and mould . Modeling heating conditionand phasetransformationcondition for die and mould d

22、uring heat treatment areworkable , because it has been broken through for the calculation of phase tran sformatio nthermod yn amics , phase tran sformatio n kin etics , phasestress,thermal stress , heat transfer , hydrokinetics etc . For example , 3-D heat con duct ing algorithm models for local hea

23、ti ng complicated impressi on and asymmetric die and mould , and M ARC software models for microstructuretransformation was used Computer can present the informations of temperature ， microstructure and stress at arbitrary time and display the entire transformation procedure in the form of 3-D by co

24、upling temperature field,microstructure field and stress field If the property can be coupled,various partial properties can be predicted by computer2.2 Heat treatment process designDue to the special requests for strength ，hardness ，surface roughness and distortion during heat treatment for die and

25、 mould，the parameters includingquenching medium type ， quenching temperature and tempering temperature and time ，must be properly selected ，and whether using surface quenching or chemical heat treatment the parameters must be rightly determined It is difficult to determine the parameters by computer

26、 fully Since computer technology develops quickly in recent decades,the difficulty with large scalecalculation has been overcome By simulating and weighing the property，thecost and the required period after heat treatmentit is not difficult to optimizethe heat treatment process 2.3 Data base for hea

27、t treatmentin Fig 3The database is theGenerally ， heat treatmentA heat treatment database is describedfoundation of making out heat treatment processdatabase is dividedinto materialsdatabase and process database It is aninexorable trend to predict the property by materials and process Although itis

28、difficult to establish a property database ， it is necessary to establish the database by a series of tests The materials database includes steel grades,chemical compositions ，properties and home and abroad grades parallel tables The process database includes heat treatment criterions，classes ，heatp

29、reservation time and cooling velocityBased on the database ，heat treatmentprocess can be created by inferring from rulesTreatment of Die and Mould (>ritmied Concurrent DesignFig. 3 (leal trfalmtnt databuiie2.4 Tool and equipment for heat treatmentAfter heat treatmentprocess is determined , tool a

30、nd equipment CAD /CAE system transfersthe informationabout design and manufacture to the14nu merical con trol devicetool and the clampingtran sferred by n etworkThrough rapid tooling prototype , the reliability of apparatus can be judged . The whole procedure is,in which there is no man made interfe

31、renee3 Key Technique3.1 Coupling of temperature , microstructure , stress and propertyHeat treatme nt procedure is a procedure of temperature-microstructurestress in teractio n . The three factors can all in flue nee the property(seeFig . 4). During heating and cooling, hot stress and transformation

32、 will comeinto being whe n microstructure cha nges.Tra nsformatio n temperature-microstructure and temperature microstructure and stress-propertyin teracton eachother . Research on the in teract ion of the four factors has bee n greatly developed,but the universal mathematic model has not been built

33、 . Many models fit the test nicely , but they cannot be put into practice . Difficulties with most of models are solved in analytic solution, and numerical method isemployed so that the in accuracy of calculati on exists.Even so, comparing experienee method with qualitative analysis , heat treatme n

34、t simulatio n by computer makes great progress .Propertya匕二wFig 4 IHustrdtion of tieat treatment progress3.2 Establishment and integration of modelsThedevelopme ntprocedure for die and mouldinvo Ivesdesign,manufacture , heat treatment , assembly , maintenance and so on . They should have own databas

35、e and mode1 . They are in series with each other by the entity relation model . Through establishing and employing dynamic inference mechanism , the aim of optimizing design can be achieved . The relation between product model and other models was built . The product model will change in case the ce

36、ll model changes. In fact , it belongs to therelation of data with die and mould . After heat treatment model is integrated into the system , it is no more an isolated unit but a member which is close to other models in the system . After searchi ng , calculat ing and reas oning from the heat treatm

37、ent database,procedure for heat treatment, which is restrictedby geometric model,manufacture model for die and mould and by cost and property , is obtained . If the restriction is disobeyed, the system will send outthe in terpretative warni ngAll desig n cells are conn ected by com muni cati on n et

38、work.3.3 Management and harmony among membersThe complexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating among item groups Because each member is short of global consideration for die and mould development ， they need to be managed and harmonized Firstly,each item group should define its own contro

39、l condition and resource requested,and learn of the request of up-and-down working procedure in order to avoid conflict Secondly ， development plan should be made out and monitor mechanism should be established The obstruction can be duly excluded in case the development is hindered Agile management

40、 and harmony redound to communicating information，increasing efficiency ，and reducing redundancy Meanwhile it is beneficial for exciting creativity ， clearing conflict and making the best of resource4 Conclusions(1) Heat treatment CAD CAE has been integrated into concurrent design for die and mould

41、and heat treatment is graphed,which can increase efficiency ， easily discover problems and clear conflicts(2) Die and mould development is performed on the same platformWhenthe heat treatment process is made out ， designers can obtain correlative information and transfer self-information to other de

42、sign departments on the platform (3) Making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time can enormously shorten the development period and reduce costReferences ：1 ZHOU Xiong-hui ，PENG Ying-hong The Theory and Technique of Modern Die and Mould Design and ManufactureM Shanghai ： Shanghai

43、 Jiaotong University Press 2000(in Chinese) 2 Kang M ， Park& Computer Integrated Mold ManufacturingJ Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing ，1995 ， 5： 229-239 3 Yau H T ，Meno C H Concurrent Process Planning for Finishing Milling and Dimensional Inspection of Sculptured Surface in Die and Mould

44、ManufacturingJ Int J Product Research ， 1993 ， 31(11) ：270927254 LI Xiang ，ZHOU Xiong-hui ，RUAN Xue-yu Application of Injection Mold Collaborative Manufacturing System J JournaI of Shanghai Jiaotong University ， 2000 ， 35(4) ： 1391-1394 5 Kuzman K ， Nardin B ， Kovae M ,et a1 The Integration of Rapid

45、 Prototyping and CAE in Mould Manufacturing J J Materials Processing Technology ， 2001 ，111： 2792856 LI Xiong ， ZHANG Hong bing ，RUAN Xue-yu ，et a1 Heat Treatment Process Design Oriented Based on Concurrent EngineeringJ Journal of Ironand Steel Research ， 2002 ， 14(4) ：2629文献出处：LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-b

46、ing,RUANXue yu,LUO Zhong hua,ZHANG Yan . HeatTreatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent DesignJ . Journal of Iron and Steel Research ， 2006,13(1) :40-43 ， 74模具热处理及其导向平行设计李雄，张鸿冰，阮雪榆，罗中华，张艳摘要 ：在一系列方式中，传统模具设计方法存在许多缺点。众所周知, 热处理对模具起着非常重要的作用。为了克服模具热处理工艺存在 的缺 点，一 种新 的模 具热 处理 工艺 并行 设计方 法已 经被 开发 出 来了。 热处

47、理 CAD/CAE 技术是 集成了并行环境和有关模 型而建立的。这些 调查研究可以显著提高效率，降低成本，并保证产品质量达到R和 D 级 。关键词 ： 模具设计；热 处理 ；模 具传统模具 设计主要是依照自身实践 经验或依照部分实践经验，而不是 制造工艺。在 设计完成之前， 模具方案 通常要被一 次又一次的改进，于是 有些缺点便出现， 例如开发时期长，成本高和实际效果不明显。由于对精 确性、使用寿 命、开发期和费用的严格要求， 先进 的模具要求设计和制造 得十分完善。因此越来越先进的技术和创新方法被应用其中， 例如并行工 程、 敏捷 制造 业、 虚 拟制 造业 、协 同合 作 设计 等。模具

48、的热 处理与模 具设计 ，制造和 装配同样重 要。因为 它对 模具的制 造装配和 使用 寿命又及其重要的影响。模具设计与 制造发展十分迅速，但 是热处理发展 却严重滞后它们。随着模具工业的发 展， 热处理必须保证模 具有良好的制 造装配和磨损耐热性能。不切实际的 热处理将导致模具材料 过硬或过软， 同时影响模具装配性能。传统的热处 理工艺是按照设计师提 出的方法和特 性制作出来的。这样会使模具设计师 和热处理工艺师意见产 生分歧， 而模具设计师却不能充分地了解热处理工艺和材料的性能，相反 热处理工艺师 却很少了解模具的使用环境和设计思 路。这些分歧将在很大 程度 上影响模 具的发展。因此，如果

49、把热处理工艺 设计放在 设计阶段之 前， 则缩短开发周期， 减少花费和保证质量等目标将会被考虑， 而且从串行到 并行 的发 展模 式也 将 会实 现。并行工程是以计算机集成系统作为载体，在开始以后，每个 阶段和因 素都被看作如 制造、热处理、性能等等， 以避免出 现错误。并行模式已经 摒除了串行模 式的缺陷， 由此带来了一场对串行模 式的革命。在当前的工作中，热 处理被集成到了模具开发的并行环境中，同时也正在进行这种系统性和深入性的研究1. 热处理下的并行环境并行模式与串行模式存在根本的不同（见图1）0对于串行模式，设计 者大多考虑的是模具的结构与功能，但很难考虑相关的工艺，以致前者的 错误很

50、容易蔓延到后面。与此同时，设计本门很少与装配，预算会计和销 售部门沟通。这些问题当然会影响模具的开发进度和市场前景。然而在并 行模式中，不但以上部门关系联系密切，所有参加模具开发的部门都与买 家有密切的交流。这有助于协调各部门消除矛盾，提高工作效率，同时降 低成本。(b)（a）串行模式（b）并行模式图1.基于摸具开发的串行工程与并行工程系统框架示意图并行环境下的热处理工艺不是在方案和工件确疋以后，而是在模具设 计的时候制定出来的。这样的话，将有利于优化热处理工艺，充分利用材 料。2. 模具热处理 CAD/CAE体化从图2中可以看出，热处理工艺的设计与模拟是一体化模式的核心。 在信息输入产品模块

51、中后，经热处理工艺过程产生的热处理CAD和热处 理CAE模块将对于零件图，热处理以后模拟温度场的微观结构分析和可能 出现的缺陷（例如过热，烧伤）自动划分网络，如果优化是根据立体视觉 技术的结果重新出现，则这项热处理工艺已经被审核。而且工具与夹具的 CAD和CAE也集成于这种系统中产品设计制造CAM改进工件和设备模型_ I三维模拟参数输入I ,汁I产生热处理工艺模型I t拥 改进热处理工艺模型L-J类似CAE模型 自动划分网络工件和设备CAD数据库传送立体视觉技术工莒过程>输出工艺模型温度场模拟微观结构分析图2.并行工程热处理CAD/CAE 一体化系统框架示意图以并行工程为基础的集成模式可以与其它类似模式共享信息。这样使 热处理工艺得到优化，并确保改工艺准确。2.1采用三维模型和立体视觉技术的热处理在形成模具的基础上，材料，结构 和尺寸的问题能通过热处理三维模 型尽快发现出来。在热处理过程中，模具加热条件和相变条件是切合实际 的，因为通过计算相变热力、相变动力、相应力、热应力、传热速度、流 体动力等已经取得重要突破。例如，能进行局部复杂表面和不对称模具的 三维热传导模型计算，和能进行微观结构转变的MARC软件模型。计算机 能够在任何时间提交温度，微观结构和应力的信息，