最新人教八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总

1、Unit 1 What 's the matter?一、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达:What' s the matter (with sb. )?(某人)怎么了？What'swrong (withsb. )?(某人)怎么了？What'sthe trouble(withsb. )?(某人)出什么事了 ？What happened (to sb. )?(某人)发生了什么事？Are you OK?尔没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb. ?某人有什么事吗？

2、(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症.The twins have colds .双胞胎感冒了。某人 +have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night .她昨晚肚子痛。某人 +have/has+a+sore+ 发病部位.He has a sore throat .他喉咙痛。某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词.He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly .

3、我头痛得厉害。某人 +have/has+a pain+in one' s+身体部位，I have a pain in my chest .我胸口痛。(Thereis)something wrong withone' s+身体音B位.There is something wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式She has a heart trouble .她有心脏病。He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。She cut her finger .她割破手指了。二情态动词should的用法1. Should为情态动词，意

4、为“应该；应当"，否定式为shouldn ' t,其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用 来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。You should drink hot water with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。Heshouldputhisheadback 他应该把头后仰。Weshouldtryourbestto help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。You shouldn 't watch TV.你不应该看电视。2. Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给

5、它敷上药吗？Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：Would you like (to do) sth . ?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗？Would you like to play basketball withme?尔想要和我一起打篮球吗？Shall I/we do sth?我/我们做“好吗？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？Why not do sth ?为什么不”呢？Why not joinus?为什么不加入到我们当中

6、来呢？ How/What about doing sth?做某事怎么样？How about goingswimming?去游泳怎么样？Let' s do sth让我们做,，吧。Let' s go home,咱们回家吧。You' d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You' d better not go there alone .你最好不要一个人去那儿。Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks 动词不定式A.作主语一一为避免句子白头重脚轻，常用 it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后

7、置。常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.B. 作宾语动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare 常接动词不定式 作宾语。C. 作(后置) 定语常用于 “ have/has sth. to do” 或“ enough 名 todo”“ It s time to do sth. ”等结构中。D. 作宾语补足语 tell, ask, want, invite, teach, l

8、ike, call 等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补 足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth. 结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to ： “一感 (feel) ，二听 (listen to, hear) ，三让 (let, make, have, ，四看 (look at, see, watch, notice) ，半帮助 (help) ” 。 E. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或 so as

9、(to) “为了，目的是” 。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth. 等。F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.? 等。Unit 3 Could you please clean your roomCould youplease.?句型( 1)请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说： Can you.please?情态动词 could 或 can 在这里均表示请求，在意

10、思上无区别，但是用 could 在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用 couldyou/I.?若在句末加上 please ，则显得更礼貌。 Could you helpme findmy book,please? 你能帮我找到我的书吗？( 2)对could you/I.? 的问句作出肯定回答，常用“ sure/certainly/of course ”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,pleasedon' t"。一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。( 3)表示请求的句式：Would you like todo.?Would you mind

11、doing.?Let s do Shall I/wedo.?Pleasedo.( 祈使句前加 please)提示： could you please. 与 could I Please. 两种问句， 前者是请求别人帮忙的句式， 后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：Could you please helpme?青你帮我一下好吗？Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 妈妈， 我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?1.

12、 提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How /what about doing sth.?(about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词)“怎么样？”You d better (not) do something. “你最好(不)做某事”Would you like sth ？："你想要某物 Let?s do sth What should I do ? ( should表示请求、征询对方意见)请求， 建议， 或征求某人的意见的表达方式：2.学会谈论问题和学会用why don't you提建议向别人发出邀请,Why don?t you do somet

13、hing? =Why not do something? 你为什么不做某事呢？ 来表示请求、 征询对方意见until,so that ,although 引导的状语从句：1)until :在带有till 或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动 他很累，但是他继续工作。词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”用瞬间动词。 Don?t get off until the bus stops.2) so that 引导目的状语从句(为了，以便)例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in

14、 the3) although 的用法意思相当于 though( 尽管， 虽然) ， 引导让步状语从句。“在以前不future引导的从句不能与并列连词谓语动词可but ， and， so等连用，但可以和yet ， still 等词连用。 例如：Although he was tired, he went onworking. 尽管Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？过去进行时1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。2. 结构 was /

15、 were ( not ) + 动词 -ing3. 句式止士.肯定式：I/He/She/Itwas working. We/You/They/were working.否定式 :I/He/She/Itwas not working.We/You/They/ were not working.疑问式和简略回答:David wrote a letter to his friend David was writing a letter to his 一定写完。 )4.过去进行时中的 when和whilelastnight.friend last大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。 ( 信写完了。 )nigh

16、t. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。 (信不Was Iworking? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Wereyouworking?Yes,I was.No,I was you/they 1) wasnot. Was he/she/itworking? Yes, he/she/itwas.working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they not 常缩略为 wasn t; were not 常缩略为weren t 。No,werehe/she/itnot. 注：wasnot. Were we/2) 一般过去时与过去

17、进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 例如 :when, while 区别：主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时;while 引导的时间状语从句，1) 由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.2) 如果从句和主句的动作同时发

18、生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while 引导。如：They were singing while we were dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. unless 引导条件状语从句unless= if not除非，若不They willgo tomorrowunless itrains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesn t rains.2. as soon as引导时间状语从句。 就He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. s

19、othat 引导结果状语从句句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型 2 ： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that 从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型 3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that 从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型 4 ： so +much/ little + 不可数名词

20、 + that 从句I had so little money that I couldn t buy a pen.Unit 7 What s the highest mountain in the world?形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级(一)原级句型：1. A is as+原级 + as+ B 表示 A 与 B一样eg: He is as tall as me.is not as/so + 原级 + as B表示 A不如 Beg:He isnot as tall as me.3.只能修饰原级的词， very , quite , so, too , so, enough,pretty 等

21、例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。（二）比较级句型可以修饰比较级的词，much,a lot ,far ,的多a little , a bit ,一点儿 even甚至，still 仍然 Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第课比第二课容易彳导多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。1 .当句中有than时则用比较级。eg: He is fatter than me.2 .当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容

22、词比较级，A or B? ”eg: Which is bigger , the earth or themoon?哪一个大，地球还是月球？3 .“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越eg:English is more and more important.4 .“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越,越”。Eg. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'

23、ll make.5 . “A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+"表示"A是两者中较的“。at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two./物6 .A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词（+介词短语）" 表示"A比同一范围的任何一个人 都”，含义是“ A最”。Eg.The YangtzeRiver islongerthananyotherriver in China.=TheYangtze River is thelongestriverinChina.（三

24、）最高级常用句型结构1 .“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。eg: Tom isthetallestin hisclass./ofall the students.This2. “apple is主语 +be+onethe ofbiggest of thethe+形容词最高级+five.复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是Eg：Beijing isoneof thelargestcities inChina.3.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A, B, or C?”用于三者以上中最之一”eg Which isthebiggest?The moo

25、n,the sun orths earth?4. “the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示是第几大（）eg: TheYellow Riveris the second longest river inChina .【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加theeg:He is the best student in my class.He is my best friend.（四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化规则变化1 . 一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est ,例如，tall-taller-tallest , long-longer-

26、longest2 .以不发音的字母 e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st ,例如，nice-nicer-nicest3 .以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i ,再加er或est ,例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4 .重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加 er或est ,eg. big-bigger-biggest5 .部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和 most构成最高级，例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly ; beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful 不规则变化原

27、级比较级最tWj级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/ilworseworstlmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderOldest(无血缘关系的)eldereldest (有血缘关系)Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。It '

28、; s so dark. 太黑了。 Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+ 一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。Eg.Ihavelivedherefor ten years.我已经住在这里 10年了。(从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这Eg.Ihavelivedheresince 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这(3) 基本结构及句型转换：主语 +have/has+过去分词(don

29、e) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)肯定句：主语 +have/has+过去分词+ 其他I have finished my homework.(肯定句)否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework.(否定句)一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 Haveyou finished yourhomework? Yes,I have. /No, Ihaven' t,(一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)(4) has gone (to), has been (to), has been (i

30、n)的区另UHave/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Eg.-Whereis your father ?-Hehas gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方) Eg.MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/has been in :呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)Eg.MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifor two months. =My father has been in Shanghaisince two months ago.(5)现在完成时的标志：常与just,alread

31、y,yet, ever,never,before, so far等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持黑。Have youever beento Japan? Ihavejust finished my homework. for +时间段；since+过去的时间点；since + 段时间 ago; since + Ti过去时的句子。They haveknown eachother forfiveyears. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化：1. 一般在动词词尾直接加edo如：pick f picked f picked; wish f wished f wished; stay f stayed f stayed2 .以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加 d。如：like f liked f liked; hope f hoped f hoped; phone f phoned f phoned3 .以一辅音字母 + y |结尾的动词，变 y为i ,再加-ed。如：study f studied f studied; hurry f hurried f hurried; reply f replied f repli ed4 . 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动