被动语态语法知识点精讲

1、被动语态语法知识点精讲一、不用被动语态的情况(1不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end (v 结束,fail, happe n, last, lie, rema in, sit, spread, sta nd break out, come true, fall asleep, keep sile nee, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较:rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。(错 Th

2、e price has bee n rise n.对 The price has rise n.(错 The accide nt was happe ned last week对 The accide nt happe ned last week. (2不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shakehands with, succeed in, suffer from, happe n to, take part in, wal

3、k in to, bel ong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already bee n heard.(3系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, rema in, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, tur n It sounds good.(4带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed

4、a bad dream last ni ght.(5当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对 She likes to swim.(错 To swim is liked by her.二、主动形式表示被动意义(Iwash, clean, cook, iron, Iook, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, driveThe book sells wel I 这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily 这刀子很好用。(2blame, let(出租,rema in, keep, re nt, buildI was to

5、blame for the accident. Much work remains.(3在n eed, require, wa nt, worth形容词，deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door n eeds repairi ng.= The door n eeds to be repaired.This room n eeds clea ning这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth readi ng 这本书值得一读。(4特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood使别人能听见/理解自己，have sth.done (要某人做某事。三、被

6、动形式表示主动意义be determ in ed, be pleased, be graduated (from, be fini shed, be prepared (for, beoccupied (in, get marriesHe is graduated from a famous un iversit y 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意:表示同某人结婚，用marry sb .或 get married to sb.都可。He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.四、n eed/wa nt/require/worth注意

7、:当need, want, require, worth形容词 后面接doing也可以表示被动。Your hair wan ts cutti ng.你的头发该理了。The floor requires wash ing.地板需要冲洗。The book is worth readi ng这本书值得一读。育才初中8B语法之被动语态讲解一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者（常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情 况下使用 例:They speak English.主动语态主谓宾（被动语态主谓介词短语注:及物动词有被动语态，不及

8、物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例: We liste n tothe teacher carefully in class.主谓宾f The teacher is listened toby us carefully in class.主谓介词短语二、被动语态的结构与用法：结构:be +done过去分词被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were 或原形be。注:被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态，全句就是 什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。用法：例: H istory is made by the people. 一

9、般现在时 T he cars were made in Tianji ng in 1995. 一 般过去时 The tree will be cut dow n n ext year. 一 般将来时 T he room must be kept clea n含有情态动词的被动语态 The door is being ope ned.现在进行时 The film has bee n see n by me现在完成时注:我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时 is doneHe is asked to do this.一般过去时 was doneThe story was

10、told by her mother.一般将来时 will be doneThe problem will be discussed tomorrow.现在进行时 is being doneThe novel is being written.过去进行时 was being doneAt that time the desk was being made.现在完成时 has been doneThe house has been built.过去完成时 had been doneThey said that their work had been finished.过去将来时 would be

11、 doneHe said the trees would be planted soon.三、被动语态的各种句型：1、T he song is liked by young people.肯定句2、T he song isn ' t liked by young pe否pe句3、Is the song liked by young people ?一般疑问句4、Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the so ng liked?特殊疑问句四、主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三步：把原句中的 宾语改成主语动词改为变动形式be done同时注意时态

12、原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面,以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去例:The man killed a tiger.A tiger was killed by the man .（改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面五、特殊句型的被动语态：含有 使役动词（make /let /have或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,lookat ,find ,watch,feel等的句子，在主动语态中这些词后 常跟不带to的动词不定式，但 是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动 语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态

13、 中也必须把to加 上去。例: Mother ofte n makes me do some housework.f I am often made to do some housework by mother. We saw him run into the classroom.f He was see n to run in to the classroom by us.teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tel等动词常常 带有两个宾语（双宾语:直接宾语 和间接宾语，改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。 如果直接宾语 被提前作主语,那么间接宾语（一般是人

14、前要加相应的介词to/for。例: S he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.f I was give n a pen by her.f A pen was give n to me by her. My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.f I was bought a new bike by my father.f A new bike was bought for me by my father.由不及物动词（vi +介词/副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态

15、时，介词或副词不 能丢掉。（前面已举过两例例: W e should speak to old people politely.f Old people should be spoke n to politely （ by us. He took away the box.f The box was take n away by him.含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变例: We call him Xiao Ma.主谓宾宾补f H e is called Xiao Maby us. He found the book very in teresti ng.f The b

16、ook was found very in terest ing by him.六、被动语态的用法(1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例女口 :Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的This book was published in 1981 这本书出版于 1981 年。(2强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如:the window was broken by Mike窗户是迈克打破的。This book was writte n by him.这本书是他写的。Eight hours pe

17、r day for sleep must be guara ntee每天 8 小时睡眠必须得至 U保证。歌诀:谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。七、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态 来决定be的形式。(3把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the

18、bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后过分”来使用。八、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词+be +过去分词”构成，原来带 to的情态动词变成被动语态后 “ to仍”保留。歌诀是:情态动词变动，情态加be加过分”原来带to要保留。例如：We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to ta

19、ke it away.It ought to be take n away.They should do it at on ce.It should be done at once.九、被动语态的特殊结构形式(1有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例:His mother gave him a prese nt for his birthday.可改为 He was give n a prese nt by his mother for his birthday.(2当动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变

20、为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的 主语,其余不动。例 Some one caught the boy smok ing a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smok ing a cigarette.(3 在使役动词 have , make,get以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结 构时,要力卩 to。 例 Some one saw a stra nger walk into the buildi ng.可改为 A stra nger

21、 was see n to walk into the build ing.(4有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如动词+介词”，动词+副词”等，也可以用 于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meet ing is to be put off till Friday.十、非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(一般时 态和完成时态例:l don't like being laughed at in the public.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态（一般时态和完成时态。例 I

22、 don't like being laughed at in the public.十一、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示据说”或相信”的动词：believe, con sider, expect, report, say, suppose, thin等可以用于句型“It +be过去分词+that从句”或 主语+be +过去分词+to dosth. ” 有：It is said that:据说,It is reported that据报道,It is believed that:大家相信,It is hoped that大家希望,It is well kn

23、own that,众所周知,It is suggested that据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（=The boy is said to have passed the n ati onal exam.十二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词：break , catch , clea n , drive , lock , ope n , sell , read , write , wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义 主语通常是物。例:This k

24、ind of cloth washes well.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的 影响。试比较:The door wo n't lock.（指门本身有毛病The door won't be locked.指不会有人来锁门,指 门没有锁”是人的原因2. 表示发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如:happe n, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, r un out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例:How do the n

25、ewspapers come out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢 ？3. 系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sou nd, taste, book, fee等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例:Your reas on sounds reas on able拼搏创造奇迹，激情成就梦想！十三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1在need, want,require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例:The house n eeds repairi ng(

26、to be repaired .这房子需要修 理。2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；worthy而 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例:The picture-book is well worthreading.( = The picture-book is very worthy to be read ) 3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例：I have a lot of things to do thisafternoon. (to do与things是动宾

27、关系，与I是主谓关系。 试比较：I ' II go to thepost office. Do you have a letter to be posted? 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明 you不是post动作的执行者。4.在某些 形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的 结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主 动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit，hard, difficult，important, impossible, pleasant interesting 等。 例 This problem is difficult

28、 to work out .(可看作to work out省略了 for me) . 5.在too, to,结构中，不定式前面可加 逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例:This book is too expe nsive (for meto buy. 6.在There be,句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式 作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例:There is no time to lose （tobe lost）（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose；用 to . be lost,谁 lost time 不明确。） 7.在be

29、to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动，被动表被动。然而，由于古 英语的影响，下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例:Who is to blame for starting the fire?十四、介词 in, on, under等 + 名词构成介词短 语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相 当于该名词相应动词的 被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1.“unde名词”结构，某事在进行中”常见的有： 表示。under control （受控制）under , treatment （在 治疗中），under repai（在修

30、理中），under discussion （在讨论中），under con struct ion （在施工中）。例 The build ing is un der con struct ion（ is beingconstructed. 2“beyond名词”结构，出乎,胜过,、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief 令人难以置信，beyond one ' s reac鞭长莫及） ，beyond one ' s control （无法控制），beyond our hope我们的成功始料不及。例:The rumour isbeyond belief （=can'

31、; t be believed . 3. “ above+词”结构,表示“品质、行为、能 力等 超过,、高于,”。例 His honest character is above all praise =His honest character cannot be praised eno ugh 4.“ for名词”结构，表示 适于,、为着,”。女口： for sale（出售, for rent （出租） Do not, for one repulse, forgo the purpose that you resolved to effort. （ Shakespear环要只因一次挫败，就放弃

32、你原来决心想达到的目 的。（莎士比亚）拼搏创造奇迹，激情成就梦想！等。例:That house is for sale. （= That house isto be sold. 5.“in名词”结构，表示 在,过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print （在印刷中），in sight（在视野范围内，等。例:The book is not yet in print. （=is not yetprinted 6.“on名词”结构，表示 在从事,中”。常见的有：on sale（出售，on show（展出），on trial （受审）。例:Today some treasures are on sho

33、w in the museum （=are being showed. 7 “out of名词”结构；表示 超出,之外“ 常见的有：out of control （控制不了，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one ' s re够不着,out of fashion（不流行等。例:The plane was out of control （can' t becontrolled8.“within名词”结构，在,内、不超过，”。例 He took two days off within theteacher's permission育才初中英语8B被

34、动语态配套练习 一、单项选择。(1. One or two man-made satellitesin our country every year. A. have bee n sent up B. willbe sent up C. is sent up D. are sent up ( 2. Our TV setyesterday. A. is repaired B.was repaired C. had bee n repaired ( 3. A new build ingin our school n ext year. A.will be built B. is built C.

35、is being built D. would be repaired D. has bee n built ( 4. Many books on scie neesince I went to college. A. were bought B. have bee n bought C,will be bought ( 5. I promise that matter will. A. be take n care B. be take n careof D. are bought C. take care D. take care of ( 6. Howthe Great Pyramid金

36、字塔many years ago without moder n mach in es. A.si built B. would be built C. have bee n built D. was built ( 7.Food and clothesby wome n. A is ofte n talkabout B. are ofte n talked Do not, for one repulse, forgo the purpose that you resolved to effort. ( Shakespeare不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 (莎士 比亚)拼搏

37、创造奇迹，激情成就梦想！ C. are often talked about D. ofte n talked aboutbee n(8.the workyet ? A. isfin ished B. Will be fin ished C. Hasfinished D. Wouldbe finished ( 9.Such filmsby children like you. A. must benot see n B. must not be see C. must not see n D. must not be see n ( lO.Treesint be pla nte(win ter

38、 but in spri ng. A. not can be pla nted B. can be not pla nted C. can'can not be pla nt ( ll.This kind of carsin Japa n ten years ago. A. can only be madelauglB. could only made C. be could only made D. could only be made ( 12.Jack ofte n does things foolishly, so hesometimesby others. A. islaug

39、hed B. isat C. was laughed D. has been laughed at ( 13.The bearto the zoo tomorrowmorning. A. may be send B. may is sent C. may be sent D. is may sent ( 14. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildingsin our city. . A. are put up B. have put up C. havebee n put D. have bee n put up ( 15. Such filmsby childre n like you. A. must be notseen B. must not be see C. must not seen D. must not be seen 用所给动词的正确时 态和语态填空。 1. Some top stude nts(send to