定语从句教师用

1、成都戴氏教育集团定语从句（专题）导入：知识点精讲：一、语法知识：定语从句：例句：1、The camel that I rode had a bad temper.2、The games that they love the most are cricket and rugby.语法全解：1）、在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2）、定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 关系副词有：when,

2、 where, why. 一）、关系代词1、that 引导的定语从句that 既可以指代有生命的人或动物，也可以指代无生命的物。在定语从句中，充当主语或宾语。He is the gentleman that wants to help us.(做主语)This is the book that I want to buy.（做宾语）1) The English-Chinese dictionary_D_ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.A、 whose B、 when C、who D、that关系代词

3、只能用that的情况1） 当先行词是a lot, few, all,little, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时如： All that can be done has been done. In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours. Is there anything that you dont understand?She didint forget anything that her mother had told her

4、 to buy.(2) 当先行词被all, any ， no, much, (a )little, some , few, every, 等限定词所修饰时。如： We heard clearly every word that he said. They havent got any dictionaries that we need.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如： The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that

5、 comes to mind is the West Lake. This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，如： Is that the best that you can do? Thats the most expensive hotel that weve ever stayed in. (5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last, the same等所修饰时。如： This is the very book t

6、hat I want to find. (6) 当先行词为一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。如： He told us many interesting people and things that we had never heard. The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace. She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.

7、 (7) 当主句是以which，who, what开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the person that is making this lecture? Which is the hotel that you like best? What is the animal that baby is sleeping in its pocket? 8）作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used

8、to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. 2、which引导的定语从句当先行词是物时，定语从句可用which引导，which在句中做主语或宾语。 She told us a story which moved us deeply.(做主语) The house which they lived in was very modern.(作宾语)注意：1、that的先行词即可是人又可是物，但which的先行词只能是物2、当定语从句所修饰的先行词是事物时，大多数情况下which和that可以互换，但是当紧跟在介词后时

9、，只能用which而不能用that。 This is the room in which my father lived last year.3、引导非限制性定语从句时不能用that，只能用which。 He had failed in the math exam, which made his father very angry.3、who/whom 引导的定语从句who/whom 引导的定语从句，先行词是人。Who 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，whom在定语从句中只能做宾语。注意：如果引导词紧接在介词之后，那么只能用whom，而不能用who。The policeman who helped

10、us is very well.(做主语) Is he the actor who/whom you talked about yesterday?(做宾语) Is he the actor about whom you talked just now?( 做宾语)（注意：定语从句中做宾语的关系代词whom也可用who代替，但是who不能用与介词后。在非限制性定语从句中，whom不可用who替代。）I happened to meet the professor (whom/who) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterd

11、ay.1)、Please pass me the cartoon book _D_ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.A、whom B、whose C、who D、which2）Mr Smith is an excellent teacher_C_ always gives us lively lessons.A、whom B、whose C、who D、which用关系代词who或which填空1、 She is the girl _lives next door.2、 This is a book_ tells about English grammar.3、

12、 The professor _ you want to see has come.4、 We got on the bus _ was waiting there.5、 The boy_ broke the window yesterday is now being criticized.用关系代词who或whom填空6、 The man _wrote this book is a friend of Lindas father.7、 Is that the girl _you talked about yesterday?8、 Is that the girl about_ you tal

13、ked yesterday.用关系代词which或that填空9、 The man_ we saw this morning is Mr Brown.10、 The things _we are interested in are so ordinary sometimes.11、 The things in_ we are interested are so ordinary sometimes.12、 It seemed that there was nothing_ they could do.13、 This is the third book_ was written by the

14、young novelist.14、 Friendships are one of the few things_ improve with age.15、 My grandmother likes telling us about the person and things_ she remembers.4、whose引导的定语从句Whose的先行词通常是人，也可以是物，在定语从句中做定语。 Im talking with a person whose name is Wang Lin. Mr Green lives in a house whose roof is blue. They a

15、re looking for a book whose cover is broken.当whose的先行词是物时，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name) 1)、-Is there anyone here _name is Betty?A、w

16、hom B、whose C、who D、which2)、“Get new knowledge by reviewing the old” is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子). He was a great thinker_ words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today.A、who B、whos C、whose3）Please pass me the dictionary_ cover is blue.A、whose B、which C、which of

17、 D、its4）They rushed over to help the man _car had broken down.A、whom B、which C、that D、whose5）There is a lake at the foot of the hill _ depth has never been measured.A、which B、whose C、in which D、that6）Here comes the girl_ handwriting is the best in our class.A、which B、whose C、that D、what5、Which、who、t

18、hat引导的定语从句及引导词的省略1、关系代词在从句中作宾语时常常省略，在口语中尤为普遍，但在较正式的文体中较少被省略。The boy (whom) you saw just now is her younger brother.2、先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing等时，或先行词被形容词最高级或被the only， the first等修饰时，作宾语的关系代词that在口语中通常省略。Thats all (that) I want to say.This is the best novel (

19、that) I have ever read.3、关系代词在从句中做介词宾语时也常常省略。但是，如果介词位于从句的开头，关系代词不能省略。 Is he the man (whom) you had a talk with yesterday? The house in which we live is very large.1) Can you lend me the book_ the other day?A、that you talked B、you talked about it C、which you talked to D、you talked about2)The little b

20、oy was wrapping the present_ would be sent to his teacher.A、who B、/ C、what D、that3）Sorry, we dont have the coat_ you need.A、what B、who C、whom D、/4)Is that the man_ helped others a lot after the earthquake?A、whom B、which C、when D、who5）-Is everything _we need to do_ ?-Yes.You neednt worry about it.6)T

21、he girl_ I just talked with is Bens sister.A、/ B、which C、whose D、when7）All the children like the teachers_ can understand them.A、/ B、which C、who D、whom二）关系副词1、when 的用法：when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。When 常可用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。April the

22、first is the day when people make fun of others.= April the first is the day on which people make fun of others.I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?2where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。Wher

23、e常可由in which， on which, at which, to which等代替。 There are the few points where we disagree with each other. = There are the few points where to which we disagree with each other. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily. He did al

24、l his research in the room where he lived. 3 why指原因或理由，在定语从句中做原因状语，可以用for which 替代，它的先行词只有reason。Why 不能引导非限制性定语从句，此时只能用for which 。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent.Is this the reason why she refused our offer?I have come around t

25、o explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.扩展：1、在下面的句子中，不能用why,只能用that或whichI dont want to hear any reason that/which you might give.(这里that和which在定语从句中作谓语give的宾语)2、the reason why. 和 the reason thatThe reason that the car broke down doesnt hold water.车子坏了这一原因是站不住脚的。（that引导的同位语从句，解释 reaso

26、n的内容，在同位语从句中不作成分）4、关系副词的省略 1）the time， every time， each time， the moment等后的关系副词可省略。 By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself.2)、在某些表示地点的名词后，关系副词有时也可以省略，如 the place等。 This is the place （where）we met years ago.3)、先行词the reason 后面的关系副词可省略。 Th

27、e reason (why) he did that is quite clear. That is the real reason he did it.注意：当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/that we spent toge

28、ther last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.补充知识：三)、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do

29、for you? 2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如： This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。 另外，非限

30、制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如： I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was

31、 eager to have a talk with you. 1 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。 2 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如： Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was

32、 talking to? The pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke四）当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如：A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesnt understand. He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand. At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as man

33、y passengers as they can. It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read. Lets discuss such things as we can talk of freely. 另需注意： This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句） This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）9.as引导非

34、限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all,as is said,as is reported, as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。10、当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表

35、示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。 如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。 在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have. 这里要注意的是： （1） 使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中 的动词不可省略。如： Wo

36、men received the same pay as men. Women received the same pay that men received. (2) 在“the samethat”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. = This is the same instrument I used yesterday. = This is the instrument I used yesterda

37、y. 但在“the sameas”结构中，same和as都不能省略。 (3) 当“the samethat”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。 如：He lives in the same building that I live. = He lives in the same building as / that I live in. Shall we meet at the same place that we last met? = Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at?典型例题讲解及思维拓

38、展：1、-The village A I visited last year has changed a lot.-Really? I hope to go there one day.A、that B、who C、when 2、-Do you know the man came here yesterday?-Yes, he brought me the most interesting book B I had wanted to buy.A、who; which B、who; that C、whom; which D、what; that3、Is that the man D helpe

39、d us a lot after the earthquake?A、whose B、which C、when D、who4、I still remember the park C we first met.A、that B、which C、where D、when5、Jamie is a young cook A wants to improve school dinners.A、who B、whose C、whom D、which6、The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease B has caused many deaths

40、.A、who B、which C、whom D、what 巩固练习：1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which

41、D. the one4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which

42、D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether9. Ill tell you _ he told me la

43、st week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. wh

44、ich B. it C. that D. what13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing15. Those _ not only from books

45、 but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that againstC. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D.

46、 I nodded to just now18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongsC. that belong D. which belongs20. - “How do you like the book?”- “Its quite di

47、fferent from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that23. He ha

48、s lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived

49、C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which28. We are going to spend the S

50、pring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed at B. where we stayed atC. we stayed D. in that we stayed30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in whic

51、h B. where C. which D. that 31. It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa. A. which, to B. where, fromC. that, from D. that, with32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. A. there B. where C. it D. which33. He is not _ a fool _. A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks34. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that35. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who