chapter_1_Style_and_Stylistics_教案

1、Course: English StylisticsTime: Sep.6-30Course material: English Stylistics: A New Course Book新编英语文体学教程董启明编著 外语教学与研究出版社Teaching procedure: Part One Theoretical Preliminaries(理论预备) and Major Varieties（主要变体）of EnglishChapter 1 Style and Stylistics1.1 Introduction1. What is Language? And in which aspec

2、ts of language does stylistics focus on?A. Language is the primary object of the study of linguistics, and linguists construct theories of language in general or of particular languages from differing points of view. The discussion of the concepts of style should focus on some essential aspects of l

3、anguage on which most linguists agree.B. Language is viewed as a system of different types of linguistic organization such as phonology, syntax and lexicon. The English language consists of its pattern of sounds, sets of grammatical rules and a large body of vocabulary.C. Language is also a social p

4、henomenon, or institution, whereby people communicate and interact with each other. A language of a particular society is part of the societys culture. Language activities operate within social activities. The language of a participant in a social activity reflects his social characteristics (such a

5、s his status, ethnic group, age and sex). It also reflects his awareness of the various factors of a social situation in which he finds himself. He should adjust his language in accordance with the medium of communication (speech or writing), the setting (private or public), the relationship with th

6、e addressee (in terms of the degree of intimacy or social distance), and the purpose (to inform, to persuade, etc.).2. Varieties 变体 of Language(variety=style)A. Varieties in relation to regions- British/American EnglishB. Varieties in relation to media-Spoken English/Written EnglishC. Varieties in r

7、elation to attitude-degrees of formality/politeness/ impersonality/imformalityD. Varieties in relation to social factors-Womens English/Black English/Taboo and EuphemismE. Varieties in relation to social Genre-The English of Conversation / Public speaking / News reporting/Advertising/Literary Englis

8、h (The Novel/Poetry)/ Science and Technology/Legal Documents2. Read the following group of sentences: Are there any differences between them?a. My beloved parent has just passed to his heavenly reward. hyper-formal, literary b. My dear father has just expired. formal, unemotional c. My dear father h

9、as just died. normal, factual d. My dad has died. informal, plain e. My old man just kicked the bucket. slangy, lacking in respect 3. Varieties analysis theory-Stylistics (文体学)Essence of stylistics : Appropriate use of language is considered the key to effective communication.e.g. How to suck an egg

10、? (Example and Analysis: Page 3)Analysis : The difference lies in the fact that the young student used some big and formal words, such as perforation(齿孔,hole) ,apex (顶点，最高点 top), aperture(小孔，缝隙，opening), inhaling（吸气） discharged（流出）, which made her utterance difficult to understand, especially by an

11、old woman without much education, while the old woman used informal words, such as gal, hole, end and suck. As a result, her utterance is easy to understand.Note: Different styles should be used on different occasions, and the key to the effective use of language is “appropriateness”, and the key to

12、 effective communication is the ability to use language appropriately, otherwise we cannot achieve our purpose of communication.1.2 Definitions of Style/Stylistics/Text1. TextDefinition: A TEXT is any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that forms a unified whole. It may be the product o

13、f a single speaker/writer (e.g. a sign, a letter, a news report, a statue, a novel), or that of several speakers (e.g. a piece of conversation, a debate).For example,Two boys stood near a jewellers shop. They saw a man break the shop window and steal all the watches. They ran after him, because they

14、 took him for a thief.Analysis:A text is realized by a sequence of language units, whether they are sentences or not. The connection among parts of a text is achieved by various cohesive devices, and by semantic and pragmatic implication. In the text you may notice the following modifications, which

15、 serve as 1) grammatical cohesive devices:(a) the use of the definite article on second mention, e.g.a shop- the shop a man- the man(b) the substitution of pronouns for nouns. e.g.two boys- they(c) the use of conjunction. e.g.They ran after him, because2) the lexical cohesion in the text is realized

16、 by the collocation of the words that are in some way or other typically associated with one another, e.g. steal all the watches; took him for a thief 2. StyleDefinition-Manners indicating prominent linguistic features, devices or patterns, most (at least) frequently occur in a particular text of a

17、particular variety of language.Analysis:Manners (appropriateness) Study Aimsindicating prominent a) linguistic features (phonological /lexical /syntactic /grammatical/semantic features),b) devices (device markers) orc) Patterns(文体/语体常规“型式”) Study Scopemost (or least) frequently occur (words/sentence

18、s percentage) Study Approach in a particular text(语篇、篇章、文本) of a particular variety of language. Study Material2. StylisticsDefinition-Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different varieties of language at differ

19、ent levels.¡ A branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way Study Approach concerning the manners/linguistic features Study Aims of different varieties of language Study Scopes at different levels Study Scopes.1.4 The Development of StylisticsTable 1 In the WestT

20、imeRepresentativesWorks1.Ancient “rhetoric(修辞)”famous ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, et al.all contributed a lot to this branch of learning.2. Root of Stylistics1) Word “stylistics” first appeared only in 1882.2) First book on stylistics -landmark of modern stylisticswritt

21、en by a French scholar Charles Bally, student of the famous modern linguist Ferdinand de Saussure in 1902.published in 1909, entitled Traite de Stylistique Francaise. 3) “Father of stylistics”German scholar L. Spitzer (1887-1960), began to analyze literary works from a stylistic point of view.3. Mod

22、ern Stylistics-4 periodsFrom the end of the 1950s to the present time. 1) the end of the 1950s- the end of the 1960s.Formalist Stylistics was the prevailing trend. 2) in 1970sFunctionalist Stylistics predominated.3) in 1980sDiscourse Stylistics flourished. 4)in 1990sSocio-Historical / Socio-Cultural

23、 Stylistics or Contextualized Stylistics developed quickly.5) in 21 centurystylistics has enjoyed further development, The trend is interdisciplinary(交叉学科) study, and narrative(叙事) stylistics, cognitive stylistics, feminist(女权主义) stylistics, etc., will get further developed.Table 2 In ChinaTimeRepre

24、sentativesWorks1. Ancient time刘勰 in the Southern Dynasty南北朝 period.a work of literacy criticism-The Carving of the Literary Mind by Liu Xie (465-532)文心雕龙 · 刘勰2. Modern Chinese Stylistics1) Root of Stylistic StudyChen Wangdaos（陈望道） Principle of Rhetoric（修辞学发凡） (1932) indicated the beginning of m

25、odern Chinese stylistics.2) The study of modern western stylistics in ChinaA. the founding of the Peoples Republic of China to the year 1976. ( fundamental stage ).some scholars, such as Wang Zuoliang（王佐良）, Xu Guozhang（许国璋）, Xu Yanmou, Yang Renjing, et al., began to study stylistics in its modern se

26、nse.In 1963, Wang Zuoliang published an article entitled “On the Study of English Style”(王佐良，1980). B. from 1977 up to the present time.It was also Professor Wang Zuoliang who took the lead in the research of modern stylistics. In this period, more and more academic works were published. The following list exemplifies the achievementsWang Zuoliang, 1980.英语文体学论文集. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社Introduction to English Stylistics-Wang Zuoliang & Ding Wangdao, 1987.英语文体学引论. 王佐良，丁往道. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社文心雕龙 · 刘勰摘录¡ 说文云:“体,总十二属也,从骨。”即体的本义指人体骨骼系统,有整体构成之义,象