初级英语语法知识培训教材

1、第四章形容词S1.形容词的用法形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词,两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1.两种形容词A。性质形容词直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词。它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语,表语和补语。The beautiful girl spoke excellent English.The girl is beautiful.Well try our best to make our school beautiful.B。叙述形容词因为这类形容词只能作表语,所有又称表语形容词,这类词没有级的变化,也不可以用程度副词修饰

2、。大多数以开头的形容词都属于这一类。She is ill.The boy is afraid of his father.The sick man was afraid of death.C。还有一类形容词是说明事物间的关系或事物的用途,时间,方位的,这类形容词通常没有级的变化,也不能用程度副词修饰。Chinese ,permanent,eastern2.形容词的位置形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前面,但形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语是,要放在这些词语之后。We saw some thing white in the dark.Is there anything imporant

3、in the newspaper?There is nothing important in the newspaper.3.需注意的形容词用法A。形容词和定冠词。有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,这时,它相对于一个名词,可以作主语或宾语,表示一类人时,看作复数;表示一类事物时,看作单数。Robin Hood hated the rich and loved the poor.The wounded (old are well looked after.We all love the beautiful.B。形容词的顺序形容词有冠词(a,an,the或代词(my,this,that

4、修饰时,词序为:冠词或代词+形容词+名词。a tall boyan insteresting bookmy good friendC。形容词作定语的后置1前面讲到形容词作定语时,位置要放在所修饰的名词前面,但当它带有表示量度的词或词组时,定语后置。They have built a bridge a hundred meters long.Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.2带有表示量度的词或词组,作表语时,也后置。The bridge is a hundred meters long.The building is thi

5、rteen storeys high.They have built a two-hundred-meter-long bridge.Last year we built a building thirteen-storey-high.3另外,一些形容词或形容词词组常用来放在句首,句中或句尾,作状语。He returned home,tired and hungry.Cold and hungry,he walked in the street.S2.形容词的比较等级大多数形容词(性质形容词有比较级的变化,即原级,比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则

6、变化和不规则变化两种。1.规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er.-est来构成比较级和最高级。 其他双音节和多音节词,在前面加来构成比较级和最高级。 2.不规则变化 S3.形容词比较等级的用法形容词比较等级通常可分为原级,比较级和最高级三种基本形,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中。a.as+原级+as和相同b.比较级+than比较为c.the+最高级+of(in在.中最为1.原级的用法A。句型:A+动词+as+形容词原级+as B(表示A和B两者比较,程度相同Tom is as honest as John.Her skin is as white as snow.My dog

7、is as old as that one.This jacket is as cheap as that one.B。否定句:A+not+as+形容词原级+as B=A+not+so+形容词原级+as B(表示A。B两者程度不同,即A比如B那么He Is not as (so tall as I.The weather in Beijing is not as(=so hot as the weather in Wuhan.There are not as(=so many books in our library as in your library.C。疑问句:Be动词+A+as+形容词

8、原级+as BIs he as busy as before?Is there as much water in this glass as in that one?2.须注意的原级用法A。表示倍数的句型times as+形容词原级+as(是.的几倍This pig is two times as large as that one This garden is ten times as large as that one.There are now twice as many schools in the town as in 1972.B。Half as +形容词原级+as(表示的一半.M

9、y handwriting is not half as good as yours.C。Asas possible(表示“尽可能.”.3。比较级的用法I am older than you.A。句型:A+动词+形容词比较级+than+B二者相比较,说明“A比B更.一些”时要用个连词than引导从句Mary is happier than Jane.His brother is younger than I (me.Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan.You look younger today than before.4.须注意的比较级用法A。在形容词比

10、较级前还可以用much,ever,still,a little ,.来修饰表示“.的多”,“甚至.”“更.”,“.一些”Our city is much more beautiful than yours.This is even hander than steel.He is even slower than before.Japan is a little larger than Germany.B。表示倍数:.times+形容词比较级+thanOur room is twice larger than theirs.The Yangzi River is ten times longer

11、 than the river in your city.C。表示“大多少岁”。“高多少”时要用表示数,量的词+比较级来表示。I'm two years older than you.She is a head taller than I(meD比较级+ than any other +单数名词表示“比其他的任何都(这个句型是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。He is better than any other student in the class.This watch is more expensive than any other watch in the shop.E。比较级

12、+ and+比较级译为越来越.The earth is getting warmer and warmer.China is more and more beautiful.F.the+ 比较级, the + 比较级.译为“越 就越.”The busier he is , the happier he feels.The higher the ground(is.the thinner air beconmes.G.the +比较级 + of the two 译为“两个中比较的”。This watch is the cheaper of the two.He is the better of

13、the two.H. Which(Who is +比较级?比较A和B,问“哪一个较?”时用which is +比较级,Aor B?句型。如果是人与人相比时,用who代替which。Which one is more popular, the radio or the movie ?The radio is.Who is happier , your or your father ?I am.My father is.5.最高级的用法A. 句型 A+动词 +形容词最高级 + of(in表示三者或三者以上的(人或事物的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词th

14、e,后面可带of(in短语来说明比较的范围。Tom is the happiest of us all.This park Is the most beautiful of the three.6.须注意的最高级用法A. one of the +最高级,表示“是最之一者。”Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.Our city is one of the most important languages is English.B. most +复数名词,most of the +复数名词或 most of +代词,表示“大多数,大部分的Most people like apples.Most of the boys are good.Most of (his books them were written here.C.最高级的表示方法我们可以用原级,比较级,最高级三种放式来表达最高级,总结如下:She is the best in class.She is better than any other student in her class.No other student in