动词的-ed形式王哲讲座已完成

1、Grammar: 动词的-ed形式.基本形式和意义动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分词”。他是动词的非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状语一起构成-ed分词短语。动词的-ed形式的基本形式是(动词+-ed). 但也有不规则的形式。. 动词的-ed形式的句法功能1. 作表语1.1动词的-ed形式作表语时，其作用相当于adj.，说明的是主语的状态。All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written. He appeared s

2、atisfied with my work.(1) 完全形容词化了的动词-ed形式：可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较等级形式。常见的有：bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried等。(2)有的动词的-ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如：built, cooked, dressed, known, organized, prepared, written等。1.2动词的-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及

3、that引导的宾语从句He is very much disappointed at the result.The mother was pleased to hear from her son.I am satisfied that you didnt tell me a lie.1.3 “be+动词的-ed形式” 有可能是一个系表结构，也有可能是一个被动结构。Why is the glass broken? （系表结构）By whom is the glass broken? （被动结构）It is covered with thick ice and deep snow.（系表结构）Ou

4、r table should be covered by a white cloth.（被动结构）1.4动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语的区别凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡表示“感到的”都用-ed形式。Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行时有趣的，但是使人疲劳。They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。2. 作定语2.1单个动词的-ed形式作定语，通常前置a.及物动词的动词的-ed形式，具有被动和完成的意义。a broken cup a wounded soldieran unexp

5、ected visitor the excited crowdb.不及物动词的动词的-ed形式，具有主动和完成意义a grown woman a retired officerthe risen sun fallen leavesc.合成的动词的-ed形式a much-needed reform widely-held opinions2.2动词的-ed形式的短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。a letter written in pencilthe tree reflected in the lakethe machines produced last year2.3动词的-ed形

6、式与-ing形式作定语的区别动词的-ing形式表示正在进行的动作或主动关系，以及表示事物的属性、用途等; 动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作或被动关系。the changing world(正在变化的)the changed world（变化了的）boiling water（正在沸腾的）boiled water（已经沸腾过的）fading flowers（正在凋谢的）faded flowers（已经凋谢的）a developing country(发展中的)a developed country(发达的)Translation work:令人恐怖的场景a frightening fight受了惊

7、吓的马a frightened horse令人失望的孩子a disappointing child感到失望的孩子a disappointed childComplete the following sentencesDo you know the man_?(跟我们数学老师谈话的)I lost the pen_(叔叔买的)3.作宾语补足语3.1.在感官动词feel, hear和see之后，如：I heard my name called.He felt himself cheated.I saw his eyes fixed on me in curiosity.3.2.在表示“希望，命令，忍

8、受”这一类动词后作宾语补足语， 这类动词有：cant bear, hate, like, love, need, prefer, want, wish等，如：He needs his coat mended.Kate would like her room painted white.I prefer eggs boiled.We wish your work finished quickly.I want the suit made to his own measure.3.3. 在有些表示状态的动词后，这类词有：keep, leave, show等， 如：They kept the doo

9、r locked for a long time.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.3.4.在使役动词have后，通常有两方面含义：1)表示：“让某人做某事”。I have had my bike repaired.我已经找人修好了自行车。2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”等。My elder sister had her wallet stolen last month.上个月我姐姐的钱包被偷了。3.5.用在make之

10、后，在这种结构中，动词的-ed形式的动词必须是表示结果含义的。I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。They managed to make themselves understood.他们设法使别人明白他们的意思。You must made your views known to everybody.你要向大家说明你的观点。3.6. 动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作宾语补足语的区别：1)在see, hear, watch, notice等感官动词后作宾补时, -ing形式表示正在进行的动作，强调当时的情景，为部分过程；动词

11、的-ed形式则表示其与宾语之间被动关系或有该动作已完成的概念。例如：We heard her singing this song when we got there.我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。We often hear this song sung by her.我们经常听见她唱这首歌（歌是被唱）2)用在have, get, leave等动词后作宾语时，动词的-ing形式强调进行的状态或持续状态，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。We tried our best, but still couldnt get the machine running. (强调启动，进入工作状态)The farm

12、ers got the planting done before the rains came. (被动，已完成)3)用在with复合结构中，动词的-ing形式表示主动关系，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。With the boy leading us the way, we had no difficulty in finding her house. (主动关系，lead为男孩的动作)With homework done, Jim went out to play football. (被动关系，作业时被做)4. 作状语4.1.作时间状语Told of his mothers acciden

13、t, Jack phoned the hospital.Translated into English, the sentence was found to have a different word order.When asked to speak, he complained about the poor service.4.2.作原因状语Caught in the rain, he had a fever.Inspired by Oprah Winfery, she became confident.4.3.作条件状语Given more time, I will be able to

14、 do it better.Cleared, this site would be very valuable.The house will look bigger if painted white.She will gladly come to your house if invited. 4.4.作让步状语Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.4.5.作方式状语I am returning your letter as requested.4.6.作伴随状语Mary came out of the room, followed by her dog.A crowd rushed in, armed with sticks.4.7. 动词